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Journal of Applied Physiology... May 2023Female mice have a greater capacity for exercising in the heat than male mice, reaching greater power output and longer times of heat exposure before succumbing to...
Female mice have a greater capacity for exercising in the heat than male mice, reaching greater power output and longer times of heat exposure before succumbing to exertional heat stroke (EHS). Differences in body mass, size, or testosterone do not explain these distinct sex responses. Whether the ovaries could account for the superior exercise capacity in the heat in females remains unknown. Here, we determined the influence of ovariectomy (OVX) on exercise capacity in the heat, thermoregulation, intestinal damage, and heat shock response in a mouse EHS model. We performed bilateral OVX ( = 10) or sham ( = 8) surgeries in young adult (4 mo) female C57/BL6J mice. Upon recovery from surgeries, mice exercised on a forced wheel placed inside an environmental chamber set at 37.5 °C and 40% relative humidity until experiencing loss of consciousness (LOC). Terminal experiments were performed 3 h after LOC. OVX increased body mass by the time of EHS (sham = 3.8 ± 1.1, OVX = 8.3 ± 3.2 g, < 0.05), resulted in shorter running distance (sham = 753 ± 189, OVX = 490 ± 87 m, < 0.05), and shorter time to LOC (sham = 126.3 ± 21, OVX = 99.1 ± 19.8 min, < 0.05). Histopathological assessment of the intestines revealed damage in the jejunum (sham = 0.2 ± 0.7, OVX = 2.1 ± 1.7 AU, < 0.05) and ileum (sham = 0.3 ± 0.5, OVX = 1.8 ± 1.4 AU, < 0.05). OVX increased mesenteric microvascular density (sham = 101 ± 25, OVX = 156 ± 66 10 mm/mm, < 0.05) and decreased concentration of circulatory heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) (sham = 26.7 ± 15.8, OVX = 10.3 ± 4.6 ng/mL, < 0.05). No differences were observed in cytokines or chemokines between groups. Our findings indicate that OVX aggravates the pathophysiological response to EHS in mice. Females outperform males in a mouse model of exertional heat stroke (EHS). Here, we show for the first time the impact of ovariectomy (OVX) on EHS pathophysiology. OVX resulted in a shorter exercise capacity in the heat, greater intestinal damage, and lower heat shock response following EHS.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Male; Female; Animals; Heat Stroke; Cytokines; Ovariectomy
PubMed: 37022961
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00092.2023 -
American Journal of Veterinary Research Apr 2021To assess the feasibility of a novel technique involving a vessel and tissue-sealing device (VTSD) for ovariectomy in chickens to evaluate the potential application of...
OBJECTIVE
To assess the feasibility of a novel technique involving a vessel and tissue-sealing device (VTSD) for ovariectomy in chickens to evaluate the potential application of the procedure to other avian species.
ANIMALS
20 domestic laying hens (), of which 10 were immature (< 4 months old) and 10 were adults (> 18 months old).
PROCEDURES
Ovariectomy was performed with a VTSD through a left lateral celiotomy. Birds were allowed to recover for 14 days after the procedure and then were euthanized for necropsy. A board-certified veterinary pathologist performed complete necropsies, with particular attention to identifying any remaining ovarian tissue.
RESULTS
All birds survived the procedure. For the mature and juvenile birds, the mean ± SD durations of anesthesia (interval from intubation to extubation) were 67.2 ± 7.6 minutes and 50.5 ± 5.1 minutes, respectively, and mean durations of surgery were 45.3 ± 8.5 minutes and 31.6 ± 5.1 minutes, respectively. Three birds had severe hemorrhage during ovariectomy. At necropsy, ovarian tissue was present grossly in 2 mature birds and histologically in 6 additional birds (2 mature and 4 juvenile birds), indicating incomplete excision in 8 (40%) birds.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results indicated that the evaluated VTSD can be used to successfully perform ovariectomies in both juvenile and mature chickens, although the procedure was associated with major hemorrhage and incomplete excision of ovarian tissue in some cases. Use of this VTSD for ovariectomy in birds of other species, particularly birds with reproductive tract disease, should be investigated.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Female; Humans; Laparotomy; Ovariectomy; Veterinarians
PubMed: 33764837
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.82.4.310 -
Journal of Ovarian Research Dec 2022Ovarian insufficiency frequently renders postmenopausal women susceptible to osteoporosis and dyslipidaemia. Postmenopausal transplant women are at a higher risk...
BACKGROUND
Ovarian insufficiency frequently renders postmenopausal women susceptible to osteoporosis and dyslipidaemia. Postmenopausal transplant women are at a higher risk developing osteoporosis and dyslipidaemia due to the concomitant application of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants after solid organ transplantation. Thus, this study aimed to explore the feasibility of ovarian tissue transplantation (OTT) as an alternative to Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for postmenopausal women with solid organ transplant needs.
RESULTS
Sixty mice were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation, ovariectomised (OVX group), ovariectomy plus oestrogen (E group), and ovariectomy plus OTT (OTT group). The inhibin levels in the OTT group were increased and the follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were suppressed to normal levels, which could not be achieved in the E group. The femoral bone mineral density in the OTT group was significantly increased than the E group (P < 0.05), and the probability of fracture was reduced by 1.4-2.6 times. Additionally, the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were higher in the OTT group than in the E group and the triglyceride levels were lower in the OTT group than in the E group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
OTT not only achieves certain endocrine effects by participating in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian feedback control loop, but also ameliorates osteoporosis and dyslipidaemia, which may be an alternative to traditional HRT for postmenopausal women with solid organ transplant needs.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Female; Animals; Osteoporosis; Ovary; Estradiol; Ovariectomy; Dyslipidemias
PubMed: 36578058
DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01083-0 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2023The relationship between hysterectomy and ovarian preservation and depression is controversial. This study aimed to determine the association of hysterectomy and ovarian...
The relationship between hysterectomy and ovarian preservation and depression is controversial. This study aimed to determine the association of hysterectomy and ovarian preservation with depression using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. To assess the association between hysterectomy with or without ovariectomy and depression, we used 3 methods. Method 1: propensity score model (PSM) was established. Method 2 was logistics regression analysis of hysterectomy and depression before and after PSM. Method 3 was a logistics regression analysis of the relationship between hysterectomy and different depressive symptoms. At the same time, in order to evaluate the association between hysterectomy with or without oophorectomy and depression, we explored the effect of four different surgical procedures on depression using logistic regression equations. We enrolled 12,097 women, of whom 2763 underwent hysterectomy, 34.455% were positive for depression. After weighting, 33.825% of the total sample had a PHQ ≥ 5. Finally, a total of 2778 women were successfully matched by propensity score, and 35.537% of them were positive for depression. The OR for PHQ ≥ 5 was 1.236 after crude adjustment of covariates and 1.234 after exact adjustment. This suggests that Hysterectomy is strongly associated with positive depression. Positive depression (PHQ ≥ 5) was associated with little interest, feeling down and trouble concentrating. It was not associated with trouble sleeping, feeling tired, poor appetite, feeling bad, slow moving or speaking, and suicidal thoughts. Oophorectomy-alone is not associated with depression. Hysterectomy-alone is a risk factor for depression, but Hysterectomy combined with Oophorectomy has a stronger correlation with depression than Hysterectomy-alone. Women who have had a Hysterectomy are at higher risk of depression than women who have not had a Hysterectomy, and this risk may be exacerbated if the uterus and ovaries are removed. When clinically appropriate, surgeons should try to preserve the patient's ovaries.
Topics: Female; Humans; Ovary; Depression; Nutrition Surveys; Hysterectomy; Ovariectomy
PubMed: 37328539
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36838-2 -
Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2021Studies have shown that there is a critical time period to start hormone therapy after the loss of ovarian function during menopause. The length of estrogen deprivation...
BACKGROUND
Studies have shown that there is a critical time period to start hormone therapy after the loss of ovarian function during menopause. The length of estrogen deprivation may evolve different pathophysiological manifestations.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study was to investigate behavioral, biochemical, and molecular alterations at different time points after surgical menopause with an aim and identify various pathophysiological targets to exploit "window of opportunity" and to design newer therapeutic modalities for menopause-associated neurobehavioral and vascular deficits.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Bilateral ovariectomy was performed to induce surgical menopause and estrogen deficiency state. Menopause-associated neuronal and vascular dysfunctions were noted after 1, 2, and 3 months of the study.
RESULTS
Neuronal and vascular endothelial dysfunction post ovariectomy revealed that behavioral, biochemical, molecular, and vascular endothelial dysfunction appeared after 1 month of ovariectomy except hyperglycemia, which occurs after 3 months.
CONCLUSIONS
Time-response studies measuring behavioral, biochemical, and molecular markers at various time points after ovariectomy reveal that there is a fast onset of neuronal and vascular complications, but the duration of insulin resistance is a relatively late phenomenon.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Menopause; Neurons; Ovariectomy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 33975997
DOI: 10.4103/ijp.IJP_233_18 -
Stroke Feb 2023There has been a plethora of studies focused on female-specific risk factors and sex differences in stroke published in the past year. This article summarizes several of...
There has been a plethora of studies focused on female-specific risk factors and sex differences in stroke published in the past year. This article summarizes several of those novel studies which provide new knowledge about the field of stroke in women. The Nurses' Health Study II provides new data on the association between laparoscopically proven endometriosis and future stroke, accounting for the mediation effects of hysterectomy and oophorectomy. In a cohort of women from China, the relationship between hysterectomy, oophorectomy, and stroke is further clarified, accounting for the age at which the procedure is performed. The UK Biobank study provides new information on the relationship between oral contraceptive and hormone replacement therapy and stroke, with analytical techniques that focus on the timing of events related to duration of exposure. Finally, 2 new meta-analyses address the question of whether sex differences exist in the presentation of stroke symptoms.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; Hysterectomy; Ovariectomy; Contraceptives, Oral; Stroke
PubMed: 36689601
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.122.041734 -
JAMA Network Open Oct 2022The association of premenopausal bilateral oophorectomy with parkinsonism and Parkinson disease (PD) remains controversial.
IMPORTANCE
The association of premenopausal bilateral oophorectomy with parkinsonism and Parkinson disease (PD) remains controversial.
OBJECTIVE
To assess whether women who underwent premenopausal bilateral oophorectomy were at increased risk of parkinsonism and PD and whether the associations varied by age at oophorectomy and by receipt of estrogen replacement therapy.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This cohort study used data from a combination of 2 independent cohort studies, the Mayo Clinic Cohort Study of Oophorectomy and Aging 1 and 2, which were based on the Rochester Epidemiology Project medical records-linkage system. A population-based sample of 5499 women from Olmsted County, Minnesota, were included; of those, 2750 women underwent bilateral oophorectomy for a benign indication before spontaneous menopause between January 1, 1950, and December 31, 2007 (oophorectomy cohort), and 2749 age-matched women who did not undergo bilateral oophorectomy were randomly sampled from the general population (reference cohort). Data were analyzed from March 1 to April 30, 2022. The date of oophorectomy was considered the index date for both groups.
EXPOSURES
Medical record documentation of bilateral oophorectomy abstracted from a medical records-linkage system (Rochester Epidemiology Project).
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Incidence and risk of parkinsonism or PD, with diagnoses confirmed by in-person examination or medical record review.
RESULTS
Among 5499 participants (median [IQR] age, 45.0 [40.0-48.0] years; 5312 [96.6%] White), 2750 women (2679 White [97.4%]) underwent bilateral oophorectomy at a median age of 45.0 years (IQR, 40.0-48.0 years), and 2749 women (2633 White [95.8%]) with a median age of 45.0 years (IQR, 40.0-48.0 years) at the index date were included in the reference cohort. Bilateral oophorectomy was associated with an increased risk of parkinsonism overall (hazard ratio [HR], 1.59; 95% CI, 1.02-2.46) and in women younger than 43 years at oophorectomy (HR, 7.67; 95% CI, 1.77-33.27). There was a pattern of increasing risk with younger age at the time of oophorectomy using 4 age strata (≥50 years: HR, 1.43 [95% CI, 0.50-4.15]; 46-49 years: HR, 1.55 [95% CI, 0.79-3.07]; 40-45 years: HR, 1.36 [95% CI, 0.64-2.89]; <40 years: HR, 8.82 [95% CI, 1.08-72.00]; P = .02 for trend). The number needed to harm was 53 women overall and 27 women younger than 43 years at the time of oophorectomy. Bilateral oophorectomy was also associated with an increased risk of PD in women younger than 43 years at oophorectomy (HR, 5.00; 95% CI, 1.10-22.70), with a number needed to harm of 48 women. Among women who underwent oophorectomy at 45 years and younger, the risk was lower in women who received estrogen after the procedure and through age 50 years compared with women who did not. For parkinsonism, the HRs were 1.72 (95% CI, 0.54-5.53) vs 2.05 (95% CI, 0.80-5.23); for PD, the HRs were 1.53 (95% CI, 0.29-8.23) vs 2.75 (95% CI, 0.84-9.04). However, the differences were not significant.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this study, premenopausal women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy before age 43 years had an increased risk of parkinsonism and PD compared with women who did not undergo bilateral oophorectomy. These findings suggest that a reduction in the practice of prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy in premenopausal women at average risk of ovarian cancer may have substantial benefit for reducing the risk of parkinsonism and PD.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Cohort Studies; Parkinson Disease; Age Factors; Risk Factors; Ovariectomy; Estrogens
PubMed: 36287560
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.38663 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Jul 2016This study compared physiologic parameters indicating nociception during surgery and pain scores after surgery among dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE) and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
This study compared physiologic parameters indicating nociception during surgery and pain scores after surgery among dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE) and ovariectomy (OVE). Twenty healthy adult female dogs were randomly assigned to either the OHE or the OVE group. Physiologic data collected during surgery included heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, blood pressure, hemoglobin oxygen saturation, end-tidal CO2 and isoflurane, and vaporizer settings. Postoperative pain was measured using the short form Glasgow Composite Pain Scale, an interactive visual analog scale, and algometry. There were no clinically relevant differences in intraoperative nociception indices between groups. Duration of surgery for OVE was significantly shorter than for OHE (OVE 15.4 minutes, OHE 17.5 minutes, P = 0.04). There was no significant difference between groups in the use of rescue analgesia after surgery, in the average interactive visual analog scale score over the 24-hour postoperative period (P = 0.12), and in algometer readings (P = 0.34).
Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Hysterectomy; Intraoperative Complications; Ovariectomy; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative
PubMed: 27429462
DOI: No ID Found -
Pharmacological Research Nov 2023The potential of marine natural products as effective drugs for osteoporosis treatment is an understudied area. In this study, we investigated the ability of lead...
Penicopeptide A (PPA) from the deep-sea-derived fungus promotes osteoblast-mediated bone formation and alleviates ovariectomy-induced bone loss by activating the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.
The potential of marine natural products as effective drugs for osteoporosis treatment is an understudied area. In this study, we investigated the ability of lead compounds from deep-sea-derived Penicillium solitum MCCC 3A00215 to promote bone formation in vitro and in vivo. We found that penicopeptide A (PPA) promoted osteoblast mineralization among bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in a concentration-dependent manner, and thus, we selected this natural peptide for further testing. Our further experiments showed that PPA significantly promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs while inhibiting their adipogenic differentiation and not affecting their chondrogenic differentiation. Mechanistic studies showed that PPA binds directly to the AKT and GSK-3β and activates phosphorylation of AKT and GSK-3β, resulting in the accumulation of β-catenin. We also evaluated the therapeutic potential of PPA in a female mouse model of ovariectomy-induced systemic bone loss. In this model, PPA treatment prevented decreases in bone volume and trabecular thickness. In conclusion, our in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that PPA could promote osteoblast-related bone formation via the AKT, GSK-3β, and β-catenin signaling pathways, indicating the clinical potential of PPA as a candidate compound for osteoporosis prevention.
Topics: Female; Animals; Mice; Humans; beta Catenin; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Osteogenesis; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Fungi; Osteoblasts; Ovariectomy; Signal Transduction; Osteoporosis
PubMed: 37866705
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106968 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2020The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of lithium chloride (LiCl) on the socket healing of estrogen-deficient rats. Seventy-two rats were...
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of lithium chloride (LiCl) on the socket healing of estrogen-deficient rats. Seventy-two rats were allocated into one of the following groups: Control, Ovariectomy and LiCl (150 mg/kg/2 every other day orally) + Ovariectomy. Animals received LiCl or water from the 14th day post-ovariectomy, until the completion of the experiment. On the 21st day after ovariectomy, the first molars were extracted. Rats were euthanized on the 10th, 20th and 30th days following extractions. Bone healing (BH), TRAP positive cells and immunohistochemical staining for OPG, RANKL, BSP, OPN and OCN were evaluated. The Ovariectomy group presented decreased BH compared to the LiCl group at 10 days, and the lowest BH at 20 days (p<0.05). At 30 days, the Ovariectomy and LiCl-groups presented lower BH than that of the Control (p<0.05). The number of TRAP-stained cells was the lowest in the LiCl group at 20 days and the highest in the Ovariectomy group at 30 days (p<0.05). At 10 days of healing, the LiCl group demonstrated stronger staining for all bone markers when compared to the other groups, while the Ovariectomy group presented higher RANKL expression than that of the Control (p<0.05). LiCl enhanced bone healing in rats with estrogen deficiency, particularly in the initial healing phases. However, as data on the effects of lithium chloride on bone tissue are still preliminary, more studies related to its toxicity and protocol of administration are necessary before its application in clinical practice.
Topics: Animals; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Lithium Chloride; Ovariectomy; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tooth Extraction; Tooth Socket; Wound Healing
PubMed: 33237236
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202003595