-
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Jan 2020In this research, the capabilities of culture supernatants generated by the oxalate-producing fungus Aspergillus niger for the bioprecipitation and biorecovery of cobalt...
In this research, the capabilities of culture supernatants generated by the oxalate-producing fungus Aspergillus niger for the bioprecipitation and biorecovery of cobalt and nickel were investigated, as was the influence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on these processes. The removal of cobalt from solution was >90% for all tested Co concentrations: maximal nickel recovery was >80%. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of cobalt and nickel oxalate. In a mixture of cobalt and nickel, cobalt oxalate appeared to predominate precipitation and was dependent on the mixture ratios of the two metals. The presence of EPS together with oxalate in solution decreased the recovery of nickel but did not influence the recovery of cobalt. Concentrations of extracellular protein showed a significant decrease after precipitation while no significant difference was found for extracellular polysaccharide concentrations before and after oxalate precipitation. These results showed that extracellular protein rather than extracellular polysaccharide played a more important role in influencing the biorecovery of metal oxalates from solution. Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy showed that aromatic protein-like and hydrophobic acid-like substances from the EPS complexed with cobalt but did not for nickel. The humic acid-like substances from the EPS showed a higher affinity for cobalt than for nickel.
Topics: Affinity Labels; Aspergillus niger; Biomass; Cobalt; Culture Media; Extracellular Polymeric Substance Matrix; Fluorescence; Fungal Polysaccharides; Nickel; Oxalates; X-Ray Diffraction
PubMed: 31781818
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10241-2 -
Journal of Endourology Dec 2020Nephrolithiasis is a known risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, it is unknown how CKD affects urinary parameters related to stone risk. The purpose of...
Nephrolithiasis is a known risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, it is unknown how CKD affects urinary parameters related to stone risk. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of diminishing glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and kidney stone-related 24-hour urine (24H urine) composition. A single-institution retrospective review of patients ( = 2057) who underwent 24H urine analysis was performed. The serum creatinine within 1 year of the first 24H urine was used to determine estimated GFR and stratify patients by CKD stage. We performed analysis of variance and multivariable linear regression to assess the relationship of GFR and urinary analytes. Among all patients, there were 184 (8.9%), 1537 (74.7%), 245 (11.9%), 70 (3.4%), 17 (0.8%), and 4 (0.2%) in CKD stage I, II, IIIa, IIIb, IV, and V groups, respectively. On analysis of 24H urine composition, as CKD increased, changes in urinary parameters protective against crystallization included decreased calcium and uric acid (UA) ( < 0.001). In addition, parameters favoring crystallization included decreased citrate and magnesium ( = 0.002 and < 0.001, respectively). The net effect with increasing GFR was decreasing supersaturation of calcium oxalate and phosphate. On linear regression, urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, citrate, UA, phosphate, and ammonia all decreased with decreasing GFR (all < 0.05). Higher CKD stage was associated with changes in urinary analytes that both promoted and inhibited stone formation, with the net effect of decreasing calcium oxalate and phosphate supersaturation. These patients may benefit from medical therapy that targets improving urinary citrate instead of lowering calcium or UA.
Topics: Calcium Oxalate; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Nephrolithiasis; Oxalates; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32578450
DOI: 10.1089/end.2020.0403 -
PloS One 2019Oxalate, a ubiquitous compound in many plant-based foods, is absorbed through the intestine and precipitates with calcium in the kidneys to form stones. Over 80% of...
Oxalate, a ubiquitous compound in many plant-based foods, is absorbed through the intestine and precipitates with calcium in the kidneys to form stones. Over 80% of diagnosed kidney stones are found to be calcium oxalate. People who form these stones often experience a high rate of recurrence and treatment options remain limited despite decades of dedicated research. Recently, the intestinal microbiome has become a new focus for novel therapies. Studies have shown that select species of Lactobacillus, the most commonly included genus in modern probiotic supplements, can degrade oxalate in vitro and even decrease urinary oxalate in animal models of Primary Hyperoxaluria. Although the purported health benefits of Lactobacillus probiotics vary significantly between species, there is supporting evidence for their potential use as probiotics for oxalate diseases. Defining the unique metabolic properties of Lactobacillus is essential to define how these bacteria interact with the host intestine and influence overall health. We addressed this need by characterizing and comparing the metabolome and lipidome of the oxalate-degrading Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. We report many species-specific differences in the metabolic profiles of these Lactobacillus species and discuss potential probiotic relevance and function resulting from their differential expression. Also described is our validation of the oxalate-degrading ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri, even in the presence of other preferred carbon sources, measuring in vitro 14C-oxalate consumption via liquid scintillation counting.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lactobacillus gasseri; Lipid Metabolism; Lipidomics; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolomics; Oxalates; Probiotics; Scintillation Counting
PubMed: 31545840
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222393 -
Journal of Endourology Oct 2021
Topics: Calcium Oxalate; Diet; Humans; Oxalates
PubMed: 34409855
DOI: 10.1089/end.2021.0576 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2022We report a new structure of {[Co(bpy)(ox)][{Cu(bpy)(ox)}Fe(ox)]}·8.5nHO presenting a rare ladder topology among oxalate-based coordination polymers with anionic...
We report a new structure of {[Co(bpy)(ox)][{Cu(bpy)(ox)}Fe(ox)]}·8.5nHO presenting a rare ladder topology among oxalate-based coordination polymers with anionic chains composed of alternately arranged [Cu(bpy)(ox)] and [Fe(ox)] moieties. Along the a axis, they are separated by Co(III) units to give porous material with voids of 963.7 Å (16.9% of cell volume). The stability of this structure is assured by a network of stacking interactions and charge-assisted C-H…O hydrogen bonds formed between adjacent chains, adjacent cobalt(III) units, and alternately arranged cobalt(III) and chain motifs. The soaking experiment with acetonitrile and bromobenzene showed that water molecules (8.5 water molecules dispersed over 15 positions) are bonded tightly, despite partial occupancy. Water adsorption experiments are described by a D'arcy and Watt model being the sum of Langmuir and Dubinin-Serpinski isotherms. The amount of primary adsorption sites calculated from this model is equal 8.2 mol HO/mol, being very close to the value obtained from the XRD experiments and indicates that water was adsorbed mainly on the primary sites. The antiferromagnetic properties could be only approximately described with the simple Cu-ox-Cu dimer using = -··, thus, considering non-trivial topology of the whole Cu-Fe chain, we developed our own general approach, based on the semiclassical model (SC) and molecular field (MF) model, to describe precisely the magnetic superexchange interactions in . We established that Cu(II)-Cu(II) coupling dominates over multiple Cu(II)-Fe(III) interactions, with = -275(29) and = -3.8(1.6) cm and discussed the obtained values against the literature data.
Topics: Adsorption; Crystallization; Dimerization; Hydrogen Bonding; Magnetic Phenomena; Metals; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Oxalates; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Temperature; Water; X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
PubMed: 35163480
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031556 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Aug 2015Animal and human studies have provided compelling evidence that colonization of the intestine with Oxalobacter formigenes reduces urinary oxalate excretion and lowers...
Animal and human studies have provided compelling evidence that colonization of the intestine with Oxalobacter formigenes reduces urinary oxalate excretion and lowers the risk of forming calcium oxalate kidney stones. The mechanism providing protection appears to be related to the unique ability of O. formigenes to rely on oxalate as a major source of carbon and energy for growth. However, much is not known about the factors that influence colonization and host-bacterium interactions. We have colonized mice with O. formigenes OxCC13 and systematically investigated the impacts of diets with different levels of calcium and oxalate on O. formigenes intestinal densities and urinary and intestinal oxalate levels. Measurement of intestinal oxalate levels in mice colonized or not colonized with O. formigenes demonstrated the highly efficient degradation of soluble oxalate by O. formigenes relative to other microbiota. The ratio of calcium to oxalate in diets was important in determining colonization densities and conditions where urinary oxalate and fecal oxalate excretion were modified, and the results were consistent with those from studies we have performed with colonized and noncolonized humans. The use of low-oxalate purified diets showed that 80% of animals retained O. formigenes colonization after a 1-week dietary oxalate deprivation. Animals not colonized with O. formigenes excreted two times more oxalate in feces than they had ingested. This nondietary source of oxalate may play an important role in the survival of O. formigenes during periods of dietary oxalate deprivation. These studies suggest that the mouse will be a useful model to further characterize interactions between O. formigenes and the host and factors that impact colonization.
Topics: Animals; Carbon; Diet; Energy Metabolism; Feces; Humans; Mice; Models, Animal; Oxalates; Oxalobacter formigenes; Urine
PubMed: 25979889
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01313-15 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2022Patients with primary hyperoxaluria type I (PH I) are prone to develop early kidney failure. Systemic deposition of calcium-oxalate (CaOx) crystals starts, when renal...
Patients with primary hyperoxaluria type I (PH I) are prone to develop early kidney failure. Systemic deposition of calcium-oxalate (CaOx) crystals starts, when renal function declines and plasma oxalate increases. All tissue, but especially bone, heart and eyes are affected. However, liver involvement, as CaOx deposition or chronic hepatitis/fibrosis has never been reported. We examined liver specimen from 19 PH I patients (aged 1.5 to 52 years at sample collection), obtained by diagnostic biopsy (1), at autopsy (1), or transplantation (17). With polarization microscopy, birefringent CaOx crystals located in small arteries, but not within hepatocytes were found in 3/19 patients. Cirrhosis was seen in one, fibrosis in 10/19 patients, with porto-portal and nodular fibrosis (n = 1), with limitation to the portal field in 8 and/or to central areas in 5 patients. Unspecific hepatitis features were observed in 7 patients. Fiber proliferations were detectable in 10 cases and in one sample transformed Ito-cells (myofibroblasts) were found. Iron deposition, but also megakaryocytes as sign of extramedullary erythropoiesis were found in 9, or 3 patients, respectively. Overall, liver involvement in patients with PH I was more pronounced, as previously described. However, CaOx deposition was negligible in liver, although the oxalate concentration there must be highest.
Topics: Calcinosis; Calcium; Calcium Oxalate; Fibrosis; Humans; Hyperoxaluria, Primary; Iron; Kidney; Liver Diseases; Oxalates
PubMed: 36202824
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19584-9 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2022The use of the gallium oxalate complex [Ga(ox)] as a building block in the formation of a drug-drug salt with the antimicrobial agent proflavine (PF) as its proflavinium...
The use of the gallium oxalate complex [Ga(ox)] as a building block in the formation of a drug-drug salt with the antimicrobial agent proflavine (PF) as its proflavinium cation (HPF), namely [HPF][Ga(ox)]·4HO, is reported together with the preparation of the potassium salt K[Ga(ox)] and the novel dimeric gallium(III) salt K[Ga(ox)(μ-OH)]·2HO. All compounds have been characterized by solid state methods, and their performance as antimicrobial agents has been evaluated by disk diffusion assay against the bacteria strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, and Escherichia coli ATCC25922. While the [HPF][Ga(ox)]·4HO drug-drug salt is effective against all three strains, the gallium oxalate salt K[Ga(ox)] showed impressive selectivity towards P. aeruginosa, with little to no antimicrobial activity against the other two organisms. This work presents novel breakthroughs towards Ga based antimicrobial agents.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Escherichia coli; Gallium; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxalates; Proflavine; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salts
PubMed: 35256712
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07813-0 -
Toxicology in Vitro : An International... Aug 2022Estrogen therapy has used to prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women. Although therapeutically enhanced estrogen levels have been suggested, patients are exposed to...
Estrogen therapy has used to prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women. Although therapeutically enhanced estrogen levels have been suggested, patients are exposed to greater risks of nephrolithiasis and cancer. It has been known that oxalate or bicarbonate transporter SLC26A6 is involved in oxalate homeostasis and its deletion results in kidney stone formation and addressed that patients with kidney stones possess higher cancer risk. Thus, the mechanism of the interaction between estrogen and SLC26A6 and the effect of SLC26A6 on cancer cells should be elucidated. In this study, we investigated whether β-estradiol treatment modulates SLC26A6 expression and its bicarbonate or oxalate transporting activity and affects the proliferative and migratory ability of A549 cells. The β-estradiol stimulation attenuated oxalate or bicarbonate transporting activities through SLC26A6. Knockdown of SLC26A6 reduced transporter activity whereas enhanced cellular migration. β-estradiol-mediated cellular migration was independent of SLC26A6 transporter activity, whereas enhanced SLC26A6 expression attenuated cellular migration even in the presence of β-estradiol treatment. These results indicate β-estradiol treatment enhances cancer cell migration and dysregulates oxalate transport by inhibiting SLC26A6 activity, suggesting reduced oxalate transporting activity may involve in the oxalate homeostasis.
Topics: Antiporters; Bicarbonates; Estradiol; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Oxalates; Sulfate Transporters
PubMed: 35500753
DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105373 -
Chemosphere Feb 2020Metals in atmospheric aerosols play potentially an important role in human health and ocean primary productivity. However, the lack of knowledge about solubility and...
Metals in atmospheric aerosols play potentially an important role in human health and ocean primary productivity. However, the lack of knowledge about solubility and speciation of metal ions in the particles or after solubilisation in aqueous media (sea or surface waters, cloud or rain droplets, biological fluids) limits our understanding of the underlying physico-chemical processes. In this work, a wide range of metals, their soluble fractions, and inorganic/organic compounds contained in urban particulate matter (PM) from Padua (Italy) were determined. Metal solubility tests have been performed by dissolving the PM in water and in solutions simulating rain droplet composition. The water-soluble fractions of the metal ions and of the organic compounds having ligand properties have been subjected to a multivariate statistical procedure, in order to elucidate associations among the aqueous concentrations of these PM components in simulated rain droplets. In parallel, a multi-dimensional speciation calculation has been performed to identify the stoichiometry and the amount of metal-ligand complexes theoretically expected in aqueous solutions. Both approaches showed that the solubility and the aqueous speciation of metal ions were differently affected by the presence of inorganic and organic ligands in the PM. The solubility of Al, Cr, and Fe was strongly correlated to the concentrations of oxalic acid, as their oxalate complexes represented the expected dominant species in aqueous solutions. Oxalates of Al represented ∼98% of soluble Al, while oxalates of Cu represented 34-75% of the soluble Cu, and oxalates of Fe represented 76% of soluble Fe. The oxidation state of Fe can strongly impact the speciation picture. If Fe is present as Fe(II) rather than Fe(III), the amount of Cr and Cu complexed with diacids can increase from 75% to 94%, and from 32% to 53%, respectively. For other metals, the solubility depended on the formation of soluble aquo-complexes, hence with a scarce effect of the organic ligands. An iron-oxalate complex was also directly detected in aerosol sample extracts.
Topics: Aerosols; Coordination Complexes; Humans; Italy; Ligands; Metals; Oxalic Acid; Oxidation-Reduction; Particulate Matter; Solubility; Urban Renewal; Water
PubMed: 31604190
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125025