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Jornal de Pediatria 2018To investigate the association between pacifier use and bottle-feeding and unfavorable behaviors during breastfeeding. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association between pacifier use and bottle-feeding and unfavorable behaviors during breastfeeding.
METHOD
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 427 babies/mothers. Socio-demographic, perinatal data, and information about the use of artificial nipples (pacifier and/or bottle) were collected through a questionnaire. The breastfeeding aspects regarding position, affectivity, sucking behavior, baby responses, and breast anatomy were evaluated through observation during breastfeeding. The chi-squared test and the multiple linear regression analysis were used to investigate the association between the variables.
RESULTS
The aspects of breastfeeding that showed higher percentages of the category "poor" were sucking behavior (22.5%) and position (22.2%). The group of infants who used pacifiers and/or bottle showed higher percentages in the poor and fair categories when compared with the good category for all five breastfeeding aspects evaluated (p<0.001). The linear regression analysis revealed that the increase in the number of unfavorable behaviors regarding position, affectivity, sucking behavior, and baby responses were independently associated with both pacifier and bottle use (β positive, p<0.05), while breast anatomy was independently associated only with bottle use.
CONCLUSION
The findings suggest that the use of pacifiers and/or bottle-feeding may be associated with unfavorable behaviors during breastfeeding, especially the use of bottle-feeding.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Bottle Feeding; Breast Feeding; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Behavior; Infant, Newborn; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Mother-Child Relations; Pacifiers; Reference Values; Socioeconomic Factors; Sucking Behavior; Young Adult
PubMed: 29136496
DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2017.10.005 -
International Journal of Nursing... Dec 2022The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative aims to improve breastfeeding by implementing the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding (Ten Steps) into routine breastfeeding... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative aims to improve breastfeeding by implementing the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding (Ten Steps) into routine breastfeeding support in birth hospitals. Maternal perspective to breastfeeding support is important to consider as mothers and their infants are in the center of that support.
OBJECTIVES
To review and synthesize the existing literature on maternal perceptions and experiences of breastfeeding support in Baby-Friendly hospitals. A sub-aim was to describe differences in breastfeeding support between Baby-Friendly hospitals and non-Baby-Friendly hospitals from maternal perspective.
DATA SOURCES AND REVIEW METHODS
An integrative literature review. A systematic literature search was conducted in October 2021 in five databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science. Original peer-reviewed studies published in English exploring maternal viewpoints on breastfeeding support in Baby-Friendly hospitals were included. Two reviewers independently screened the titles (n=914), abstracts (n=226), and full texts (n=47). The review comprised of seventeen studies and includes both quantitative studies (n=14) and qualitative studies (n=3). Inductive content analysis and descriptive synthesis were conducted.
RESULTS
Most studies (n=14) measured hospitals' compliance with the Ten Steps practices from maternal perspective. Mothers were provided with breastfeeding information and encouragement, however, a qualitative finding indicated that information focused on positive aspects of breastfeeding. Early skin-to-skin contact between the mother and infant was well facilitated although often not lasting more than 30 min. Breastfeeding was facilitated by practical support but according to findings of two qualitative studies, support was not always adequate to address mothers' problems with breastfeeding. Most mothers were exclusively breastfeeding during the hospital stay and no supplemental milk was offered to infant. Mothers were roomed-in together with their infant and were mostly encouraged to breastfeed on demand. Differences between Baby-Friendly hospitals and non-Baby-Friendly hospitals were observed particularly for steps 6 and 9: supplementary feeding and pacifier use were less common in Baby-Friendly hospitals.
CONCLUSIONS
From the maternal perspective, breastfeeding support in the Baby-Friendly hospitals was mainly but not completely in adherence with the Ten Steps practices. Low compliance with some of the Ten Steps indicates a need for a more frequent assessment of the breastfeeding support practices and consideration of strategies facilitating a more sustainable implementation of the initiative. Regardless of some shortcomings with the breastfeeding support, mothers were mainly satisfied with the support in the hospital. Mothers in the Baby-Friendly hospitals perceived that breastfeeding support was more adherent to the Ten Steps compared to mothers in non-Baby-Friendly hospitals.
PubMed: 38745604
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2022.100105 -
Journal of Perinatology : Official... May 2024This study aimed to assess the efficacy of pacifier use, with and without 25% dextrose, in reducing pain during orogastric tube insertion in newborns. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to assess the efficacy of pacifier use, with and without 25% dextrose, in reducing pain during orogastric tube insertion in newborns.
STUDY DESIGN
In a randomized controlled trial involving 60 newborns at a public hospital from April to December 2019, participants were divided into three groups: pacifier (n = 20), pacifier with 25% dextrose (n = 20), and control (n = 20). A pacifier, with and without dextrose, was used for the experimental groups, while the control group performed a routine procedure. Neonatal infant pain scale, crying duration, heart rate (HR), and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were evaluated.
RESULTS
Results indicated that the control group experienced significantly higher pain levels, elevated HRs, decreased SpO2, and prolonged crying. Conversely, the pacifier with 25% dextrose group showed a notable reduction in crying duration.
CONCLUSION
A pacifier, with and without 25% dextrose, effectively reduces pain and improves physiological and behavioral parameters during orogastric tube insertion.
CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER
NCT05462964 CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: The protocol for this randomized controlled experimental trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. The clinical trial registration number is https://clinicaltrials.gov ; NCT05462964.
Topics: Humans; Glucose; Infant, Newborn; Female; Pacifiers; Male; Pain Measurement; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Heart Rate; Crying; Pain Management; Oxygen Saturation; Pain
PubMed: 38553602
DOI: 10.1038/s41372-024-01948-w -
BMC Oral Health Mar 2022Pacifiers have been shown to affect maxillary growth related to the anatomic structure of the palate and forces placed upon it during sucking. This study compares and...
BACKGROUND
Pacifiers have been shown to affect maxillary growth related to the anatomic structure of the palate and forces placed upon it during sucking. This study compares and evaluates the mechanical behavior of pacifiers of different design and size (i.e., fit), identified by brand and size, positioned in age-specific palatal models with respect to both contact area and force when subjected to peristaltic tongue function and intraoral pressure related to non-nutritive sucking.
METHODS
Nonlinear finite element analyses were used to simulate dynamic mechanical interaction between the pacifiers and palates. Time-varying, external pressure loads were applied which represent intraoral pressure arising from non-nutritive sucking and peristaltic behavior of the tongue. The silicone rubber pacifier bulb was represented using a hyperelastic material model.
RESULTS
Results from the finite element analyses include deformation, stress, strain, contact area, and contact force. Mechanical interaction was evaluated in terms of the spatial distribution of the contact area and force between the pacifier and the palate. The resulting palatal interaction profiles were quantitatively compared to assess how pacifier fit specifically affects the support provided to two areas of the palate, the palatal vault and the Tektal wall.
CONCLUSIONS
Pacifiers interact with the palate differently based on their fit (i.e., design and size) regardless of whether they are labeled conventional or orthodontic. Finite element analysis is an effective tool for evaluating how a pacifier's design affects functional mechanics and for providing guidance on biometric sizing.
Topics: Finite Element Analysis; Humans; Infant; Malocclusion; Pacifiers; Palate; Sucking Behavior; Tongue
PubMed: 35236336
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02087-4 -
Journal (Canadian Dental Association) Jan 2003This evidence-based study of the literature investigated the relationship between pacifier use (with and without sweetening and prolonged or short-term) and early... (Review)
Review
This evidence-based study of the literature investigated the relationship between pacifier use (with and without sweetening and prolonged or short-term) and early childhood caries (ECC). The review was based on evidence from 3 main sources: a search of several electronic bibliographic databases, a review of the references from relevant studies for additional potentially relevant articles and a review of several dental textbooks. A total of 74 articles were reviewed. Of these, 8 were deemed relevant and were critically appraised according to a "causation checklist" of 13 items. The 8 studies assessed were methodologically inconsistent in terms of definitions of ECC, diagnostic criteria for identifying carious lesions, dental examination procedures, interviewing methods, and descriptions of pacifier use. None of the studies achieved a score greater than 6 and hence none was considered to present strong evidence. Six studies did not control for confounding variables, and the conclusions they generated were inconsistent. The evidence from the other 2 studies, which did control for confounding factors, presented slightly stronger evidence, but they indicated no statistical difference in pacifier use between children with and those without ECC; furthermore, the reported odds ratios suggested that pacifier use might have had a mildly protective effect. Overall, the evidence does not suggest a strong or consistent association between pacifier use and ECC.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Dental Research; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Infant; Pacifiers; Research Design; Review Literature as Topic
PubMed: 12556264
DOI: No ID Found -
CoDAS Apr 2016Check if the type of nozzle, orthodontic or conventional, of pacifier and bottle have any influence on the changes found in the stomatognathic system caused by the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
Check if the type of nozzle, orthodontic or conventional, of pacifier and bottle have any influence on the changes found in the stomatognathic system caused by the maintenance of the sucking habit. Research Strategies: Through a systematic literature review with meta-analysis, performed from the databases Lilacs, Medline and Embase and Scholar Google, with the following key words in Portuguese and English: "malocclusion" + "Pacifiers "; "Malocclusion" + "Bottle Feeding"; "Malocclusion" + "Bottle feeding" beyond words "Orthodontic Beak" + "Conventional Beak".
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included studies that presented in their methods to compare groups who used pacifiers and/or bottle with conventional nozzle with groups using orthodontic nipple without temporal delimitation.
DATA ANALYSIS
The analysis of the article in its entirety was performed systematically, ordering the relevant results in the following categories: objective, method-case studies and evaluation, results, and conclusion.
RESULTS
Found 1,041 jobs, from the period 1969 to 2013, 848 jobs were excluded based on the exclusion criteria and another 174 that were repetitions. A total of 19 articles were read in full of which 4 articles met the proposed inclusion criteria, and three studies were included in the meta-analysis. These results show that there are no significant differences between the orthodontic and conventional nozzles on the implications of the stomatognathic system.
CONCLUSION
There is no way to conclude that there are differences as to the consequences to the stomatognathic system caused by conventional nozzles and orthodontic pacifier/bottle.
Topics: Bottle Feeding; Child; Child, Preschool; Equipment Design; Habits; Humans; Infant; Pacifiers; Risk Factors; Stomatognathic Diseases; Stomatognathic System; Sucking Behavior
PubMed: 27191883
DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20162015024 -
BMC Pediatrics May 2022Oral feeding problems will cause long-term hospitalization of the infant and increase the cost of hospitalization. This study aimed to compare the effect of two methods... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Oral feeding problems will cause long-term hospitalization of the infant and increase the cost of hospitalization. This study aimed to compare the effect of two methods of sucking on pacifier and mother's finger on oral feeding behavior in preterm infants.
METHODS
This single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was performed in the neonatal intensive care unit of Babol Rouhani Hospital, Iran. 150 preterm infants with the gestational age of 31 to 33 weeks were selected and were divided into three groups of 50 samples using randomized block method, including non-nutritive sucking on mother's finger (A), pacifier (B) and control (C). Infants in groups A and B were stimulated with mother's finger or pacifier three times a day for five minutes before gavage, for ten days exactly. For data collection, demographic characteristics questionnaire and preterm infant breastfeeding behavior scale were used.
RESULTS
The mean score of breastfeeding behavior in preterm infants in the three groups of A,B,C was 12.34 ± 3.37, 11.00 ± 3.55, 10.40 ± 4.29 respectively, which had a significant difference between the three groups (p = 0.03). The mean rooting score between three groups of A, B, and C was 1.76 ± 0.47, 1.64 ± 0.48, and 1.40 ± 0.90 (p < 0.001) respectively. Also, the mean sucking score in groups of A, B and C was 2.52 ± 0.76, 2.28 ± 0.64 and 2.02 ± 0.74 respectively, which had a significant difference (p = 0.003), but other scales had no significant difference between the three groups (P > 0.05). The mean time to achieve independent oral feeding between the three groups of A, B, C was 22.12 ± 8.15, 22.54 ± 7.54 and 25.86 ± 7.93 days respectively (p = 0.03), and duration of hospitalization was 25.98 ± 6.78, 27.28 ± 6.20, and 29.36 ± 5.97 days (p = 0.02), which had a significant difference. But there was no significant difference between the two groups of A and B in terms of rooting, sucking, the total score of breastfeeding behavior and time of achieving independent oral feeding (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Considering the positive effect of these two methods, especially non-nutritive sucking on mother's finger, on increasing oral feeding behaviors, it is recommended to implement these low-cost methods for preterm infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Trial Registration: IRCT, IRCT20191116045460N1 . Registered 11 January 2020- prospective registered.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Mothers; Pacifiers; Prospective Studies; Single-Blind Method; Sucking Behavior
PubMed: 35585519
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03352-9 -
American Family Physician Jun 2015Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden unexpected death of a child younger than one year during sleep that cannot be explained after a postmortem evaluation... (Review)
Review
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden unexpected death of a child younger than one year during sleep that cannot be explained after a postmortem evaluation including autopsy, a thorough history, and scene evaluation. The incidence of SIDS has decreased more than 50% in the past 20 years, largely as a result of the Back to Sleep campaign. The most important risk factors relate to the sleep environment. Prone and side sleeping positions are significantly more dangerous than the supine position. Bed sharing with a parent is strongly correlated with an increased risk of SIDS, especially in infants younger than 12 weeks. Apparent life-threatening events are not a risk factor for SIDS. Parents should place infants on their backs to sleep, should not share a bed, and should avoid exposing the infant to tobacco smoke. Other risk-reducing measures include using a firm crib mattress, breastfeeding, keeping vaccinations up to date, avoiding overheating due to overbundling, avoiding soft bedding, and considering the use of a pacifier during sleep once breastfeeding is established. One consequence of the Back to Sleep campaign is a significant increase in the incidence of occipital flattening. Infants who develop a flat spot should be placed with the head facing alternating directions each time he or she is put to bed. Supervised prone positioning while the infant is awake, avoiding excessive use of carriers, and upright positioning while awake are also recommended.
Topics: Humans; Incidence; Infant, Newborn; Risk Factors; Sudden Infant Death; Supine Position; United States
PubMed: 26034855
DOI: No ID Found -
American Family Physician Apr 2009Physicians are often asked for guidance about pacifier use in children, especially regarding the benefits and risks, and when to appropriately wean a child. The benefits... (Review)
Review
Physicians are often asked for guidance about pacifier use in children, especially regarding the benefits and risks, and when to appropriately wean a child. The benefits of pacifier use include analgesic effects, shorter hospital stays for preterm infants, and a reduction in the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Pacifiers have been studied and recommended for pain relief in newborns and infants undergoing common, minor procedures in the emergency department (e.g., heel sticks, immunizations, venipuncture). The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that parents consider offering pacifiers to infants one month and older at the onset of sleep to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Potential complications of pacifier use, particularly with prolonged use, include a negative effect on breastfeeding, dental malocclusion, and otitis media. Adverse dental effects can be evident after two years of age, but mainly after four years. The American Academy of Family Physicians recommends that mothers be educated about pacifier use in the immediate postpartum period to avoid difficulties with breastfeeding. The American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Family Physicians recommend weaning children from pacifiers in the second six months of life to prevent otitis media. Pacifier use should not be actively discouraged and may be especially beneficial in the first six months of life.
Topics: Age Factors; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Pacifiers; Risk Assessment; Sucking Behavior; Sudden Infant Death
PubMed: 19405412
DOI: No ID Found -
Texas Medical Journal (Austin, Tex.) Apr 1914
PubMed: 36957887
DOI: No ID Found