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Prague Medical Report 2021Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm of the epidermal melanocytes. Awareness and early recognition of pigmented lesion inside oral cavity helps in initial diagnosis and... (Review)
Review
Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm of the epidermal melanocytes. Awareness and early recognition of pigmented lesion inside oral cavity helps in initial diagnosis and further investigation and treatment. Oral malignant melanoma is a rare aggressive neoplasm commonly seen among middle age. The diagnosis of melanoma initiates from the pre-existing pigmented lesions. The poor prognosis of oral melanomas requires that pigmented lesions of undetermined origin be routinely biopsied. A case of malignant melanoma of hard palate with its clinical, radiological and histopathological presentation along with brief review is presented. Prognosis of these lesion is poor with survival rate of 5 years.
Topics: Humans; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Prognosis; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 34606435
DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2021.20 -
BMC Oral Health Apr 2022This prospective randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the immediate and short-term skeletal, dentoalveolar, and periodontal effects of rapid palatal expansion... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Skeletal and alveolar changes in conventional rapid palatal expansion (RPE) and miniscrew-assisted RPE (MARPE): a prospective randomized clinical trial using low-dose CBCT.
BACKGROUND
This prospective randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the immediate and short-term skeletal, dentoalveolar, and periodontal effects of rapid palatal expansion (RPE) and miniscrew-assisted RPE (MARPE) in adolescent and young adult patients.
METHODS
This study followed a two-arm, parallel, randomized clinical trial design that recruited patients with transverse maxillary deficiency in a 1:1 allocation ratio. Forty patients (14 men and 26 women) requiring maxillary expansion were randomly allocated to the RPE (n = 20, age = 14.0 ± 4.5) or MARPE (n = 20, age = 14.1 ± 4.2) groups. The assignment was performed via computer-generated block randomization, with a block size of four. Upon identical (35 turns) amount of expansion, low-dose cone-beam computed tomography images were taken before treatment (T0), immediately after expansion (T1), and after a 3-month consolidation period (T2). The primary outcome of this study comprised the assessment of midpalatal suture separation. Secondary outcomes included, skeletal, dentoalveolar, and periodontal measurements, which were performed at each time point.
RESULTS
The frequency of midpalatal suture separation was 90% (18/20) and 95% (19/20) for the RPE and MARPE groups, respectively. A greater increase in nasal width in the molar region (M-NW) and greater palatine foramen (GPF) was observed immediately after the expansion (T1-T0) and consolidation periods (T2-T0) in the MARPE group compared to the RPE group (P < 0.05). The MARPE and RPE groups showed similar dentoalveolar changes except for the maxillary width (PM-MW, M-MW). The MARPE group presented greater bilateral first premolar (PM-MW) and molar (M-MW) maxillary width in relation to the RPE group (P < 0.05). Through the expansion and consolidation periods (T2-T0), lesser buccal displacement of the anchor teeth was observed in the MARPE group (PM-BBPT, PM-PBPT, M-BBPT [mesial and distal roots], and M-PBPT)( P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Midpalatal suture separation was observed in 90% and 95% of patients in the RPE and MARPE groups, respectively. Both RPE and MARPE groups exhibited significant triangular basal bone expansion and skeletal relapse during consolidation. Under identical amounts of expansion, the MARPE group showed lower decrease in the skeletal, dentoalveolar and periodontal variables after consolidation. The reinforcement of RPE with miniscrews contributes to the maintenance of the basal bone during consolidation period. Trial registration WHO Institutional Clinical Trials Registry Platform (IRB No. KCT0006871 / Registration date 27/12/2021).
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Female; Humans; Male; Maxilla; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Palatal Expansion Technique; Palate; Prospective Studies; Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Young Adult
PubMed: 35395801
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02138-w -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2021Pleomorphic adenoma is a benign mixed tumor, which is composed of myoepithelial and epithelial cells. A fibrous capsule separates these cells from the surrounding...
Pleomorphic adenoma is a benign mixed tumor, which is composed of myoepithelial and epithelial cells. A fibrous capsule separates these cells from the surrounding tissues. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common salivary gland tumour accounting for 40-70% of all major and minor salivary gland tumours. It is also the commonest minor salivary gland benign tumours accounting for 70% of all tumours. Hard palate is the commonest site followed by upper lip, buccal mucosa, tongue, floor of mouth, retromolar trigone. This case report discusses a case of pleomorphic adenoma of hard palate in an old man after complete excision of the tumour, which was confirmed by a biopsy specimen.
Topics: Adenoma, Pleomorphic; Adult; Humans; Male; Palatal Neoplasms; Palate, Hard
PubMed: 33912316
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.146.26508 -
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2022AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common HIV-associated neoplasm. Disseminated Kaposi sarcoma became rare with the application of antiretroviral therapy....
AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common HIV-associated neoplasm. Disseminated Kaposi sarcoma became rare with the application of antiretroviral therapy. Oral AIDS-associated KS has prognostic relevance, indicating higher mortality than those with cutaneous lesions only. In this study, we reported a 40-year-old man presented with ulcerated violaceous plaques on his hard palate. Similar lesion can be observed on his left groin and anus, as well as on esophagus and gastric fundus under upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Histological examination accorded with KS. After five cycles of doxorubicin, his oral, skin and esophagus lesions regressed considerably.
PubMed: 36032412
DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S376060 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Jun 2006Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a tumor arising from the epithelial cells that cover the surface and line the nasopharynx. The annual incidence of NPC in the UK is 0.3... (Review)
Review
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a tumor arising from the epithelial cells that cover the surface and line the nasopharynx. The annual incidence of NPC in the UK is 0.3 per million at age 0-14 years, and 1 to 2 per million at age 15-19 years. Incidence is higher in the Chinese and Tunisian populations. Although rare, NPC accounts for about one third of childhood nasopharyngeal neoplasms. Three subtypes of NPC are recognized in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification: 1) squamous cell carcinoma, typically found in the older adult population; 2) non-keratinizing carcinoma; 3) undifferentiated carcinoma. The tumor can extend within or out of the nasopharynx to the other lateral wall and/or posterosuperiorly to the base of the skull or the palate, nasal cavity or oropharynx. It then typically metastases to cervical lymph nodes. Cervical lymphadenopathy is the initial presentation in many patients, and the diagnosis of NPC is often made by lymph node biopsy. Symptoms related to the primary tumor include trismus, pain, otitis media, nasal regurgitation due to paresis of the soft palate, hearing loss and cranial nerve palsies. Larger growths may produce nasal obstruction or bleeding and a "nasal twang". Etiological factors include Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), genetic susceptibility and consumption of food with possible carcinogens--volatile nitrosamines. The recommended treatment schedule consists of three courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, irradiation, and adjuvant interferon (IFN)-beta therapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Child; Child, Preschool; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Radiotherapy; Young Adult
PubMed: 16800883
DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-1-23 -
Molecular and Clinical Oncology Sep 2021Infrastructure maxillectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the lower part of the maxilla and hard palate. The objective of the present study was to analyze clinical...
Infrastructure maxillectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the lower part of the maxilla and hard palate. The objective of the present study was to analyze clinical data and treatment outcome of patients who underwent infrastructure maxillectomy between 2011 and 2019. A total of 13 patients who underwent infrastructure maxillectomy for maxillary sinus and hard palate neoplasms between 2011 and 2019 were analyzed. These patients were subdivided into maxillary sinus neoplasm (n=5) and hard palate neoplasm (n=8) groups. All patients except one underwent infrastructure maxillectomy using the sublabial approach. One patient underwent an external approach through lateral rhinotomy. Postoperative reconstruction was performed for 11 patients using obturator, 6 patients using skin grafts and 3 patients using free flaps. A total of 6 patients had radiotherapy (RT), 3 had concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and 2 had chemotherapy after surgery. The survival rate and recurrence rate were 61.5% (8/13) and 46.2% (6/13), respectively. The current results suggested that infrastructure maxillectomy may be an effective treatment for maxillary sinus neoplasms in the lower part of the maxillary sinus and hard palate neoplasms without causing marked functional or cosmetic morbidity. Postoperative RT or CCRT may be recommended to decrease the recurrence after infrastructure maxillectomy.
PubMed: 34276999
DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2342 -
Head and Neck Pathology Jun 2022GLI1 fusions involving ACTB, MALAT1, PTCH1 and FOXO4 genes have been reported in a subset of malignant mesenchymal tumors with a characteristic nested epithelioid... (Review)
Review
GLI1 fusions involving ACTB, MALAT1, PTCH1 and FOXO4 genes have been reported in a subset of malignant mesenchymal tumors with a characteristic nested epithelioid morphology and frequent S100 positivity. Typically, these multilobulated tumors consist of uniform epithelioid cells with bland nuclei and are organized into distinct nests and cords with conspicuously rich vasculature. We herein expand earlier findings by reporting a case of a 34-year-old female with an epithelioid mesenchymal tumor of the palate. The neoplastic cells stained positive for S100 protein and D2-40, whereas multiple other markers were negative. Genetic alterations were investigated by targeted RNA sequencing, and a PTCH1-GLI1 fusion was detected. Epithelioid mesenchymal tumors harboring a PTCH1-GLI1 fusion are vanishingly rare with only three cases reported so far. Due to the unique location in the mucosa of the soft palate adjacent to minor salivary glands, multilobulated growth, nested epithelioid morphology, focal clearing of the cytoplasm, and immunopositivity for S100 protein and D2-40, the differential diagnoses include primary salivary gland epithelial tumors, in particular myoepithelioma and myoepithelial carcinoma. Another differential diagnostic possibility is the ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor. Useful diagnostic clues for tumors with a GLI1 rearrangement include a rich vascular network between the nests of neoplastic cells, tumor tissue bulging into vascular spaces, and absence of SOX10, GFAP and cytokeratin immunopositivity. Identifying areas with features of GLI1-rearranged tumors should trigger subsequent molecular confirmation. This is important for appropriate treatment measures as PTCH1-GLI1 positive mesenchymal epithelioid neoplasms have a propensity for locoregional lymph node and distant lung metastases.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers, Tumor; Female; Humans; Myoepithelioma; Palate, Soft; S100 Proteins; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Zinc Finger Protein GLI1
PubMed: 34655412
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-021-01388-4 -
Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of... Jul 2013Primary oral mucosal melanoma is a rare aggressive neoplasm and accounts for only 0.2-8% of all reported melanomas. It is a malignant neoplasm of melanocytes that may...
Primary oral mucosal melanoma is a rare aggressive neoplasm and accounts for only 0.2-8% of all reported melanomas. It is a malignant neoplasm of melanocytes that may arise from a benign melanocytic lesion or de novo from melanocytes within normal skin or mucosa. It is considered to be the most deadly and biologically unpredictable of all human neoplasms, having the worst prognosis. In this article, we report a case of oral melanoma in a 52-year-old female patient with a chief complaint of black discolouration of the maxillary gingiva and palate.
PubMed: 24249959
DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.119667 -
Advanced Biomedical Research 2012Myoepitheliomas are benign neoplasms of salivary glands derived from myoepithelial cells. These tumors can occur at any age but are most common in young adults. This...
Myoepitheliomas are benign neoplasms of salivary glands derived from myoepithelial cells. These tumors can occur at any age but are most common in young adults. This tumor is usually located in the parotid gland and the minor salivary glands of the soft palate and represents less than 1% of all salivary gland tumors. The myoepithelioma is classified in the follow cells types: spindle, plasmacytoid, reticular, epitheliod, and clear, additionally, mixed histological forms are described. The plasmacytoid myoepithelioma from palate salivary glands is considered as a rare entity. A 45-year-old lady presented with an asymptomatic, well-circumscribed, solid mass located on the hard palate, which was gradually increasing in size. A clinical impression of Pleomorphic Adenoma was made which on histopathological examination revealed cords, clusters, and sheets of homogenous, large cells with plasmacytoid characteristics and a prominent eosinophilic cytoplasm. Ductal and acinar differentiation were absent thus ruling out the pleomorphic adenoma, whereas, features consistent with plasmacytoid myoepithelioma were evident.
PubMed: 23326808
DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.102985 -
Genomics May 2023Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are the most common congenital craniofacial disorders and cause serious problems with the appearance, orofacial function and mental health of the...
Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are the most common congenital craniofacial disorders and cause serious problems with the appearance, orofacial function and mental health of the patients. The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway is critical for several aspects of craniofacial development and loss-of-function mutations of coding genes for multiple FGFs and FGFRs can lead to OFCs. We recently characterized FAM3B as a novel ligand of FGF signaling, which, through binding to FGFRs and activating downstream ERK, regulates craniofacial development in Xenopus. In this study, we identify two rare variants in FAM3B (p.Q61R and p.D128G) via target region sequencing of FAM3B on 144 unrelated sporadic patients with non-syndromic OFCs (NSOFCs). Bioinformatic analysis predict that these two variants are likely to be damaging and biochemical experiments show that these two variants weaken the FGF ligand activity of FAM3B by decreasing its expression and thus secretion. In summary, our results indicate that FAM3B is a novel candidate gene for NSOFCs in humans.
Topics: Humans; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Ligands; Mutation; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Neoplasm Proteins; Cytokines
PubMed: 37105387
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110630