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World Journal of Clinical Cases Jan 2020Sarcomas of the head and neck region are rare tumors, constituting less than 1% of malignant neoplasms in this area, of which few cases (20%) originate from bone or...
BACKGROUND
Sarcomas of the head and neck region are rare tumors, constituting less than 1% of malignant neoplasms in this area, of which few cases (20%) originate from bone or cartilage. Chondrosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm that develops in bone, with a predilection for the pelvis, chest wall, and scapula, and is uncommon in the maxilla and jaw. Although this type of lesion has locally aggressive behavior, destroying the affected bone, it can metastasize when it is not diagnosed early and compromise the patient's life.
CASE SUMMARY
On intraoral examination of a 32-year-old female with a tumor in the middle third of the face, a well-defined rise in volume of approximately 3 cm in diameter was observed. Computed tomography with 3-dimensional reconstruction was performed, and we observed that the osteolytic lesion affected the vestibular cortex as the palatal bone. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed an appearance that was similar to mature hyaline cartilage, hypercellularity, nuclear and cellular pleomorphism, and multinucleated cells, with significant vacuolization.
CONCLUSION
Determination of the clinical and histopathological characteristics of rare neoplasms in the maxillofacial region, such as chondrosarcomas, allows the pathologist and surgeon to make the appropriate therapeutic decisions, optimizing the patient's prognosis.
PubMed: 31970178
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i1.126 -
The American Journal of Surgical... May 2023PRAME (PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma), a cancer-testis antigen expressed in normal and neoplastic tissues with several functions, proved to be a useful...
PRAME (PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma), a cancer-testis antigen expressed in normal and neoplastic tissues with several functions, proved to be a useful diagnostic tool in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant melanocytic lesions. The current study aims to perform PRAME stain on a retrospective case series of mucosal melanocytic tumors of the head and neck region to compare 3 different scores and evaluate the most reliable one in this diagnostic set. Immunohistochemical analysis for PRAME was performed in 54 benign and malignant mucosal melanocytic tumors of the head and neck region collected from 41 patients. The best-performing cutoff of PRAME-positive cells (nuclear stain) to differentiate benign and malignant mucosal melanocytic tumors of the head and neck region is that proposed by Raghavan and colleagues (<60%/≥60% of PRAME-positive cells), with 100% and 77.8% of benign lesions and malignant tumors respectively correctly identified. Applying this score, PRAME stain showed the best results (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values) for the diagnosis of head and neck melanocytic tumors. However, a subset of PRAME-negative malignant tumors was identified, especially located in the palatal area (hard and soft palate). Finally, high PRAME expression (≥60%) was associated with specific sites (nasal cavity/nasal septum/turbinates nasopharynx, and the maxillary sinus), nodular histotype, and female sex.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Retrospective Studies; Antigens, Neoplasm; Melanoma; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Transcription Factors; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 36912431
DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000002032 -
Case Reports in Dentistry 2016Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a giant-cell-rich bony lesion associated with abundant multinucleated osteoclast-type giant cells. It is a primary neoplasm of bone...
Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a giant-cell-rich bony lesion associated with abundant multinucleated osteoclast-type giant cells. It is a primary neoplasm of bone with characteristic clinical, radiological, and pathological features. It is an expansive and lytic lesion without periosteal reaction and prominent peripheral sclerosis. Giant cells are also seen in other diseases like giant cell granuloma of the jaws, traumatic bone cyst, aneurysmal bone cyst, and jaw tumor of hyperparathyroidism. We present a unique case of GCT of palate in a 30-year-old female.
PubMed: 27974978
DOI: 10.1155/2016/1945907 -
Journal of Surgical Oncology Dec 2019The reported risk of nodal metastasis in hard palate and upper gingival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been inconsistent with inadequate consensus regarding the...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The reported risk of nodal metastasis in hard palate and upper gingival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been inconsistent with inadequate consensus regarding the utility of neck dissection in the clinically negative (cN0) neck.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Using the National Cancer Database, cN0 patients diagnosed with SCC of the head and neck with the subsites of the hard palate and upper gingiva were identified from 2004 to 2014.
RESULTS
A total of 1830 patients were identified, and END was performed on 422 patients with cN0 tumors. Pathologically positive nodes occurred in 14% (59/422) of patients in this cohort. Higher tumor stage, academic hospital type, and large hospital volume (>28 cancer-specific cases/year) were associated with a higher likelihood of END both in univariate and multivariate analyses (P < .05). Patients >80 years of age were less likely to receive END on multivariate analysis (OR 0.52, 0.32-0.84). No variables, including advanced T stage, predicted occult metastases. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that patients who underwent END demonstrated improved OS over an 11-year period (hazard ratio 0.75, P = .002). On subgroup analysis, this improvement was significant in patients with both stage T1 and T4 tumors.
CONCLUSIONS
Tumor stage, hospital type, and hospital volume were associated with higher rates of END for patients with cN0 hard palate SCC and after controlling for clinical factors, END was associated with improved overall survival.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Databases, Factual; Elective Surgical Procedures; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gingival Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Maxillary Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Neck Dissection; Neoplasm Staging; Palate, Hard; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate
PubMed: 31549410
DOI: 10.1002/jso.25706 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2016Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor constitutes for less than 1% of head and neck malignancies and 10% of all salivary gland tumors. Palate is the most common... (Review)
Review
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor constitutes for less than 1% of head and neck malignancies and 10% of all salivary gland tumors. Palate is the most common site to be involved in the oral cavity followed by parotid gland and submandibular gland. They are usually asymptomatic, slow growing, characteristically shows infiltrative growth and perineural invasion. This paper reports a case of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma in a 35 year old female man reported with a swelling on the left side of palate involving the hard and soft palate since 8 months which was diagnosed histopathologically and review of literature of the peculiar clinical, and histopathological features.
Topics: Adult; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Palatal Neoplasms; Salivary Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 27642445
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.24.106.8596 -
PloS One 2021The extent of dysfunction of the Eustachian tube (ET) is relevant in understanding the pathogenesis of secondary otological diseases such as acute or chronic otitis...
The extent of dysfunction of the Eustachian tube (ET) is relevant in understanding the pathogenesis of secondary otological diseases such as acute or chronic otitis media. The underlying mechanism of ET dysfunction remains poorly understood except for an apparent genesis such as a nasopharyngeal tumor or cleft palate. To better describe the ET, its functional anatomy, and the biomechanical valve mechanism and subsequent development of diagnostic and interventional tools, a three-dimensional model based on thin-layer histology was created from an ET in this study. Blackface sheep was chosen as a donor. The 3-D model was generated by the coherent alignment of the sections. It was then compared with the cone-beam computed tomography dataset of the complete embedded specimen taken before slicing. The model shows the topographic relation of the individual components, such as the bone and cartilage, the muscles and connective tissue, as well as the lining epithelium with the lumen. It indicates a limited spiraling rotation of the cartilaginous tube over its length and relevant positional relationships of the tensor and levator veli palatine muscles.
Topics: Animals; Cartilage; Cleft Palate; Ear Diseases; Eustachian Tube; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Otitis Media; Otitis Media with Effusion; Palatal Muscles; Sheep
PubMed: 34383758
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244909 -
Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai... Aug 2022To investigate the clinical and pathological features, treatment, prognostic and its influence factors of granulosa cell tumor of head and neck. The clinical medical... (Review)
Review
To investigate the clinical and pathological features, treatment, prognostic and its influence factors of granulosa cell tumor of head and neck. The clinical medical records of 12 patients with head and neck granulosa cell tumor confirmed by pathology for diagnosis and treatment in Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University were reviewed and collected. The follow-up durations were 4-57 months, with a median of 23 months. The origination of twelve cases were reviewed: 3 cases of the vocal cords, 2 cases of the retroannular region, 1 cases of the ventricular bands, 1 cases of the interarytenoid region, 1 cases of the paraglottic space, 1 cases of the epiglottis, 1 cases of the soft palate, 1 cases of the ventricle of larynx, 1 cases of the trapezius muscle. All 12 patients were undergoing surgical treatment in our hospital, including one who had postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy after second operation. Granulosa cell tumor occurs in the head and neck, usually a benign tumor with diverse morphology, and its diagnosis is mainly based on tumor histopathological examination. Surgical local excision is used in most cases, especially minimally invasive surgery is recommended, with lower postoperative recurrence rate and better prognosis.
Topics: Female; Granulosa Cell Tumor; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Neck; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Ovarian Neoplasms; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35959583
DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2022.08.012 -
Changes in tongue pressure and dysphagia at oral cancer patients by palatal augmentation prosthesis.Cancer Reports (Hoboken, N.J.) Jul 2022The palatal augmentation prosthesis (PAP) is an intraoral prosthesis used in the treatment of dysphagia.
BACKGROUND
The palatal augmentation prosthesis (PAP) is an intraoral prosthesis used in the treatment of dysphagia.
AIM
The objective of the study is to examine the effect of PAP using tongue pressure and the Videofluoroscopic Dysphagia Scale (VDS) to understand the precise mechanism for improvement in swallowing function with PAP for oral cancer at retrospective survey.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Fifteen patients were provided PAPs. Tongue pressure and VDS were evaluated with and without PAP. After intervention with PAP, tongue pressure significantly increased as compared to when without PAP (p < .05). The total mean VDS score with PAP was found to have significantly improved (p < .05). The mean VDS score of the oral phase also significantly improved with the PAP compared to without the PAP group (p < .05). Significant differences (p < .01) were found in each category, such as tongue to palate contact and pyriform sinus residue.
CONCLUSION
PAP can improve tongue pressure, tongue to palate contact, and pyriform sinus residue.
Topics: Deglutition Disorders; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Palate; Pressure; Prostheses and Implants; Retrospective Studies; Tongue
PubMed: 34472726
DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1516 -
Case Reports in Otolaryngology 2016Myofibroma is a rare benign neoplasm occurring in the head and neck, arising primarily in infants and children. Frequently, myofibromas grow rapidly leading to suspicion...
Myofibroma is a rare benign neoplasm occurring in the head and neck, arising primarily in infants and children. Frequently, myofibromas grow rapidly leading to suspicion of malignancy and the potential for overaggressive surgical excision. We aim to report a rare case of myofibroma with ulceration and bone destruction. A nine-year-old female presented with an ulcerated left hard palate mass. Open biopsy was performed with pathology suggestive of myofibroma. A left partial maxillectomy and reconstruction with a buccal advancement flap were performed. Final pathology confirmed the diagnosis of a benign myofibroma. Myofibroma is a rare benign tumor of the head and neck which must be considered in the differential diagnosis by the clinician and the pathologist in order to prevent inappropriate and/or overaggressive treatment.
PubMed: 27403363
DOI: 10.1155/2016/1432764 -
Cureus May 2023Background and objective Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common major salivary gland neoplasm. Around 80% of them arise in the parotid glands, whereas 10% originate in...
Background and objective Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common major salivary gland neoplasm. Around 80% of them arise in the parotid glands, whereas 10% originate in the minor salivary glands. The pleomorphic adenoma of the extra-parotid site is defined by its location outside the primary salivary gland. The minor salivary gland adenomas occur at the hard and soft palate, lips, tongue, lacrimal glands, pharynx, larynx, paranasal sinus, and nasal cavity. Pleomorphic adenoma in parapharyngeal space may occur de novo or as an extension of the deep lobe of the parotid tumors. Our objective in this study was to assess the location and presentations of extra-parotid pleomorphic adenoma and frequency of low-grade salivary gland malignancy diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma via fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the head and neck region and the treatment outcomes after the resection of the tumors. Materials and methods This was a retrospective observational study. All patients with FNAC-diagnosed pleomorphic adenoma of extra-parotid locations of the head and neck region who underwent curative surgery in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery at a rural tertiary care center between August 1997 and August 2022 were included in the study. Data on the symptoms, FNAC report, surgical techniques, pathological results, adjuvant therapy, and any recurrence were documented. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results Our study included 23 patients, of which 14 were females and nine were males. The various sites of involvement were as follows: parapharyngeal space (four), larynx (one), nasal septum (two), hard palate (five), soft palate (four), hard and soft palate (three), and submandibular salivary gland (four). Of note, 17.3% of the patients had local recurrence with an average time frame of three years post-surgery: 20% in patients with low-grade malignancy and 16.6% in patients with pleomorphic adenoma. Conclusion Extra-parotid pleomorphic adenomas are common and have a high malignant potential. The preferred choice of treatment for extra-parotid salivary tumors is complete resection with adequate clearance. Malignant pleomorphic adenomas may require staging neck dissection and adjuvant treatment for a better prognosis.
PubMed: 37362518
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39463