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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Ornamental plants often gain relevance not only for their decorative use, but also as a source of phytochemicals with interesting healing properties. Herein, spontaneous...
(L.) DC. and L.: Phytochemical Profile, In Vitro Anti-Denaturation Effects and Lipase Inhibitory Activity of Two Ornamental Plants Traditionally Used as Herbal Remedies.
Ornamental plants often gain relevance not only for their decorative use, but also as a source of phytochemicals with interesting healing properties. Herein, spontaneous (L.) DC. and L., mainly used as ornamental species but also traditionally consumed and used in popular medicine, were investigated. The aerial parts were extracted with methanol trough maceration, and resultant crude extracts were partitioned using solvents with increasing polarity. As previous studies mostly dealt with the phenolic content of these species, the phytochemical investigation mainly focused on nonpolar constituents, detected with GC-MS. The total phenolic and flavonoid content was also verified, and HPTLC analyses were performed. In order to explore the potential antiarthritic and anti-obesity properties, extracts and their fractions were evaluated for their anti-denaturation effects, with the use of the BSA assay, and for their ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase. The antioxidant properties and the inhibitory activity on the NO production were verified, as well. Almost all the extracts and fractions demonstrated good inhibitory effects on NO production. The -hexane and dichloromethane fractions from , as well as the -hexane fraction from , were effective in protecting the protein from heat-induced denaturation (IC = 154.0 ± 1.9, 270.8 ± 2.3 and 450.1 ± 15.5 μg/mL, respectively). The dichloromethane fractions from both raw extracts were also effective in inhibiting pancreatic lipase, with IC values equal to 2.23 ± 0.02 mg/mL (for sample), and 2.05 ± 0.02 mg/mL (. Obtained results support the traditional use of these species for their beneficial health properties and suggest that investigated plant species could be potential sources of novel antiarthritic and anti-obesity agents.
Topics: Antioxidants; Methylene Chloride; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Tropaeolum; Valerianaceae; Pancrelipase; Protein Denaturation; Anti-Obesity Agents
PubMed: 36615228
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010032 -
Animal Nutrition (Zhongguo Xu Mu Shou... Jun 2021The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of natural capsicum extract (NCE, containing 2% natural capsaicin, the rest is carrier) replacing...
Natural capsicum extract replacing chlortetracycline enhances performance via improving digestive enzyme activities, antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory function, and gut health in weaned pigs.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of natural capsicum extract (NCE, containing 2% natural capsaicin, the rest is carrier) replacing chlortetracycline (CTC) on performance, digestive enzyme activities, antioxidant capacity, inflammatory cytokines, and gut health in weaned pigs. A total of 108 weaned pigs (Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire], initial body weight = 8.68 ± 1.34 kg; weaned on d 28) were randomly allotted into 3 treatments with 6 replicate pens per treatment (3 barrows and 3 gilts per pen). The treatments include a corn-soybean meal basal diet as a control group (CON), a CTC group (basal diet + CTC at 75 mg/kg), and a NCE group (basal diet + NEC at 80 mg/kg). Compared with CON and CTC, NCE had increased ( < 0.05) average daily gain in phase 2 (d 15 to 28) and overall (d 1 to 28), and higher ( < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy, dry matter, crude protein, and organic matter in phase 1 (d 1 to 14). These pigs also had increased ( < 0.05) pancrelipase activity in pancreas, α-amylase, lipase and protease activities in the jejunal mucosa, and lipase activity in the ileal mucosa on d 28. Moreover, NCE had increased ( < 0.05) the contents of growth hormone, β-endorphin, 5-hydroxytryptamine, total antioxidant capacity, total superoxide dismutase, catalase, and IL-10, as well as decreased ( < 0.05) contents of malondialdehyde, tumor nuclear factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin-6 in serum on d 28 compared with CON and CTC. NCE showed higher ( < 0.05) propionic acid, butyric acid and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) contents, and increased ( < 0.05) relative abundance of in colon, as well as higher ( < 0.05) propionic acid and total volatile fatty acids in cecum on d 28 compared with CON. In conclusion, NCE replacing CTC could enhance performance via improving digestive enzyme activities, antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory function, gut VFA composition and microbiota community in weaned pigs, and it could be used as a potential target for the development of feed additives.
PubMed: 34258418
DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.12.004 -
BioMed Research International 2021Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) and fat predigestion are key in ensuring the optimal growth of patients with cystic fibrosis. Our study attempted to...
Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) and fat predigestion are key in ensuring the optimal growth of patients with cystic fibrosis. Our study attempted to highlight differences between fat predigestion and conventional PERT on body composition of young pigs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). EPI and healthy pigs were fed with high-fat diet for six weeks. During the last two weeks of the study, all pigs received additional nocturnal alimentation with Peptamen AF (PAF) and were divided into three groups: H-healthy pigs receiving PAF; P-EPI pigs receiving PAF+PERT; and L-EPI pigs receiving PAF predigested with an immobilized microbial lipase. Additional nocturnal alimentation increased the body weight gain of EPI pigs with better efficacy in P pigs. Humerus length and area in pigs in groups L and P were lower than that observed in pigs in group H ( value 0.005-0.088). However, bone mineral density and strength were significantly higher in P and L as compared to that of H pigs ( value 0.0026-0.0739). The gut structure was improved in P pigs. The levels of neurospecific proteins measured in the brain were mainly affected in P and less in L pigs as compared to H pigs. The beneficial effects of the nocturnal feeding with the semielemental diet in the prevention of EPI pigs' growth/development retardation are differently modified by PERT or fat predigestion in terms of growth, bone properties, neurospecific protein distribution, and gut structure.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Body Composition; Bone and Bones; Diet; Enzyme Replacement Therapy; Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency; Feeding Behavior; Gastrointestinal Tract; Lipase; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Pancrelipase; Swine; Weight Gain
PubMed: 34307664
DOI: 10.1155/2021/6647734 -
PloS One 2014The molecular interactions between pancreatic lipase (PL) and four tea polyphenols (EGCG analogs), like (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (-)-gallocatechin gallate...
The molecular interactions between pancreatic lipase (PL) and four tea polyphenols (EGCG analogs), like (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (-)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), and (-)-epigallocatechin (EC), were studied from PL activity, conformation, kinetics and thermodynamics. It was observed that EGCG analogs inhibited PL activity, and their inhibitory rates decreased by the order of EGCG>GCG>ECG>EC. PL activity at first decreased rapidly and then slowly with the increase of EGCG analogs concentrations. α-Helix content of PL secondary structure decreased dependent on EGCG analogs concentration by the order of EGCG>GCG>ECG>EC. EGCG, ECG, and EC could quench PL fluorescence both dynamically and statically, while GCG only quenched statically. EGCG analogs would induce PL self-assembly into complexes and the hydrodynamic radii of the complexes possessed a close relationship with the inhibitory rates. Kinetics analysis showed that EGCG analogs non-competitively inhibited PL activity and did not bind to PL catalytic site. DSC measurement revealed that EGCG analogs decreased the transition midpoint temperature of PL enzyme, suggesting that these compounds reduced PL enzyme thermostability. In vitro renaturation through urea solution indicated that interactions between PL and EGCG analogs were weak and non-covalent.
Topics: Animals; Catechin; Enzyme Activation; Hydrodynamics; Kinetics; Molecular Structure; Pancrelipase; Protein Binding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Swine; Thermodynamics
PubMed: 25365042
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111143 -
Biophysical Journal Feb 2003Earlier studies using atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrated the presence of fusion pores at the cell plasma membrane in a number of live secretory cells, revealing...
Earlier studies using atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrated the presence of fusion pores at the cell plasma membrane in a number of live secretory cells, revealing their morphology and dynamics at nm resolution and in real time. Fusion pores were stable structures at the cell plasma membrane where secretory vesicles dock and fuse to release vesicular contents. In the present study, transmission electron microscopy confirms the presence of fusion pores and reveals their detailed structure and association with membrane-bound secretory vesicles in pancreatic acinar cells. Immunochemical studies demonstrated that t-SNAREs, NSF, actin, vimentin, alpha-fodrin and the calcium channels alpha1c and beta3 are associated with the fusion complex. The localization and possible arrangement of SNAREs at the fusion pore are further demonstrated from combined AFM, immunoAFM, and electrophysiological measurements. These studies reveal the fusion pore or porosome to be a cup-shaped lipoprotein structure, the base of which has t-SNAREs and allows for docking and release of secretory products from membrane-bound vesicles.
Topics: Actins; Animals; Calcium Channels; Carrier Proteins; Cell Membrane; Cells, Cultured; Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane; Exocytosis; Male; Membrane Fusion; Membrane Proteins; Microfilament Proteins; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Microscopy, Electron; N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Proteins; Pancrelipase; Qa-SNARE Proteins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Secretory Vesicles; Structure-Activity Relationship; Vesicular Transport Proteins; Vimentin
PubMed: 12547814
DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74949-2 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023(CP) contains triterpene acids that can improve glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. However, controlling the composition and content of these active ingredients in...
(CP) contains triterpene acids that can improve glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. However, controlling the composition and content of these active ingredients in CP extracts is challenging. The main active components in CP triterpene acids, including ursolic acid (UA), oleanolic acid (OA), and betulinic acid (BA), exhibit antihyperglycemic and antihypertensive effects. The response surface methodology was utilized to design and optimize the ratio of UA, OA, and BA based on the inhibition rate of pancrelipase and α-amylase. The proportional mixture of UA, OA, and BA resulted in the formation of a complex known as triterpenoid acid (TAC). Se-methylselenocysteine (MSC), a compound with various physiological functions such as antioxidant properties and tumor inhibition, has been used in combination with TAC to form the TAC/MSC complex. Our data demonstrate that TAC/MSC improved palmitic acid (PA)-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells through activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) /protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) pathway. Moreover, TAC/MSC effectively improved hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism disorder in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), attenuated hepatic steatosis, and reduced oxidative stress to alleviate T2DM characteristics.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Glucose; Triterpenes; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Lipid Metabolism; Insulin Resistance; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
PubMed: 37513373
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145499 -
Therapeutics and Clinical Risk... Jun 2009Pancreatic enzyme supplements (PES) are used in chronic pancreatitis (CP) for correction of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) as well as pain and malnutrition. The...
Pancreatic enzyme supplements (PES) are used in chronic pancreatitis (CP) for correction of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) as well as pain and malnutrition. The use of porcine pancreatic enzymes for the correction of exocrine insufficiency is governed by the pathophysiology of the disease as well as pharmacologic properties of PES. Variability in bioequivalence of PES has been noted on in vitro and in vivo testing and has been attributed to the differences in enteric coating and the degree of micro-encapsulation. As a step towards standardizing pancreatic enzyme preparations, the Food and Drug Administration now requires the manufacturers of PES to obtain approval of marketed formulations by April 2010. In patients with treatment failure, apart from evaluating drug and dietary interactions and compliance, physicians should keep in mind that patients may benefit from switching to a different formulation. The choice of PES (enteric coated versus non-enteric coated) and the need for acid suppression should be individualized. There is no current standard test for evaluating adequacy of therapy in CP patients and studies have shown that optimization of therapy based on symptoms may be inadequate. Goals of therapy based on overall patient presentation and specific laboratory tests rather than mere correction of steatorrhea are needed.
PubMed: 19707261
DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s3196 -
Surgical Case Reports Oct 2019Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is known to occur after total gastrectomy. We experienced a case of PEI occurring 18 years after surgery, leading to a...
BACKGROUND
Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is known to occur after total gastrectomy. We experienced a case of PEI occurring 18 years after surgery, leading to a potentially fatal condition of capillary leak syndrome (CLS).
CASE PRESENTATION
The case is a 58-year-old man on a healthy diet who underwent total gastrectomy 18 years before. He was admitted for a 3-month history of anasarca, steatorrhea, and hypoalbuminemia. An episode of fever occurred during workup, followed by pulmonary edema and shock. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit and was started on fluid management with albumin infusion. A multidisciplinary team meeting was held, and a clinical diagnosis of PEI resulted in CLS was made and we started administration of oral pancrelipase to show clinical improvement. The patient was discharged, and he remained asymptomatic for 13 months.
CONCLUSION
In a post-gastrectomy patient with malnutrition, PEI should be suspected regardless of the period since surgery. When recognized, immediate replenishment of albumin and pancreatic enzymes should be initiated to prevent clinical deterioration.
PubMed: 31650279
DOI: 10.1186/s40792-019-0721-7 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2022Pancreatin secretion is dramatically decreased over time after weaning, thus affecting the utilization of nutrients in piglets. Therefore, exogenous pancreatin is...
Pancreatin secretion is dramatically decreased over time after weaning, thus affecting the utilization of nutrients in piglets. Therefore, exogenous pancreatin is expected to alleviate this situation. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous pancreatin on the growth performance, nutrient digestion and absorption, and intestinal microbiota of piglets. One hundred eighty piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 40 days) were randomly allotted to three treatments (basal diets supplemented with 0, 250, or 500 mg/kg pancreatin) with three replicate pens per treatment and 20 piglets per pen. Compared with the control diet, dietary 500 mg/kg pancreatin significantly increased ( < 0.05) the average daily gain (ADG) and the apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fat of piglets. Regarding endogenous enzymes, pancrelipase activity in the pancreas, duodenal mucosa, and small intestinal digesta as well as trypsin activity in the jejunal digesta were increased in piglets fed a diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg pancreatin ( < 0.05). Moreover, amylopsin activity was significantly strengthened in the pancreas, duodenal mucosa, and digesta in piglets fed a diet with 500 mg/kg pancreatin ( < 0.05). The mRNA expression of nutrient transporters, including oligopeptide transporter-1 (PepT1), excitatory amino acid transporter-1 (EAAC1), cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT1), sodium glucose cotransporter-1 (SGLT1), glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2), and fatty acid transporter-4 (FATP4), in the jejunum significantly increased after dietary supplementation with 500 mg/kg pancreatin ( < 0.05). An increased villus height-to-crypt depth ratio of the ileum was observed in the 500 mg/kg pancreatin-treated group ( < 0.05). The composition of the colonic microbiota modulated by the addition of 500 mg/kg pancreatin was characterized by an increased relative abundance of ( < 0.05), and the predicted functions revealed that 500 mg/kg pancreatin supplementation enhanced the functional abundance of genetic information processing in colonic microorganisms and environmental information processing. Our findings suggested that the addition of 500 mg/kg pancreatin improved the growth performance of piglets, improved intestinal structure, and modulated the colon microbiota, thereby increasing nutrient digestibility.
PubMed: 36017338
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.906522 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023The acini-islet-acinar (AIA) axis concept justifies the anatomical placement of the Langerhans islets within the exocrine pancreatic parenchyma and explains the...
The acini-islet-acinar (AIA) axis concept justifies the anatomical placement of the Langerhans islets within the exocrine pancreatic parenchyma and explains the existence of the pancreas as a single organ. Amylase has been suggested to play a key role as an anti-incretin factor. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed on 18 piglets in both a healthy (prior to pancreatic duct ligation (PDL) surgery, study Day 10) and an exocrine pancreatic insufficient (EPI) state (30 days after PDL, study Day 48)). Amylase (4000 units/feeding) or Creon (100,000 units/feeding) was administered to pigs with the morning and evening meals, according to study design randomization, for 37 days following the first OGTT. Blood glucose levels, as well as plasma levels of insulin, GLP-1, and GIP, were measured, and the HOMA-IR index was calculated. EPI status did not affect the area under the curve (AUC) of insulin release, fasting insulin levels, or the HOMA-IR index, while amylase supplementation led to a significant ( < 0.05) decrease in the above-mentioned parameters. At the same time, EPI led to a significant ( < 0.05) increase in GLP-1 levels, and neither amylase nor Creon supplementation had any effects on this EPI-related increase. Fasting plasma levels of GIP were not affected by EPI; however, the GIP response in EPI and Amylase-treated EPI animals was significantly lower ( < 0.05) when compared to that of the intact, healthy pigs. Orally administered amylase induces gut anti-incretin action, normalizing glucose homeostasis and reducing HOMA-IR as a long-term outcome, thus lowering the risk of diabetes type II development. Amylase has long-lasting anti-incretin effects, and one could consider the existence of a long-lasting gut memory for amylase, which decreases hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia for up to 16 h after the last exposure of the gut to amylase.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Incretins; Blood Glucose; alpha-Amylases; Pancrelipase; Insulin; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Amylases; Dietary Supplements; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide
PubMed: 38003366
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216177