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BMC Infectious Diseases Oct 2019Pandoraea species is a newly described genus, which is multidrug resistant and difficult to identify. Clinical isolates are mostly cultured from cystic fibrosis (CF)... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pandoraea species is a newly described genus, which is multidrug resistant and difficult to identify. Clinical isolates are mostly cultured from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. CF is a rare disease in China, which makes Pandoraea a total stranger to Chinese physicians. Pandoraea genus is reported as an emerging pathogen in CF patients in most cases. However, there are few pieces of evidence that confirm Pandoraea can be more virulent in non-CF patients. The pathogenicity of Pandoraea genus is poorly understood, as well as its treatment. The incidence of Pandoraea induced infection in non-CF patients may be underestimated and it's important to identify and understand these organisms.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report a 44-years-old man who suffered from pneumonia and died eventually. Before his condition deteriorated, a Gram-negative bacilli was cultured from his sputum and identified as Pandoraea Apista by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).
CONCLUSION
Pandoraea spp. is an emerging opportunistic pathogen. The incidences of Pandoraea related infection in non-CF patients may be underestimated due to the difficulty of identification. All strains of Pandoraea show multi-drug resistance and highly variable susceptibility. To better treatment, species-level identification and antibiotic susceptibility test are necessary.
Topics: Adult; Burkholderiaceae; China; Cystic Fibrosis; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Intracranial Hemorrhage, Traumatic; Male; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Sputum
PubMed: 31640582
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4420-6 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Jun 2022Pandoraea species are multidrug-resistant glucose-nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli that are usually isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and from water...
Clinical and microbiological features of obstructive cholangitis with bloodstream infection caused by Pandoraea apista identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and ribosomal RNA sequencing in a cancer patient.
BACKGROUND
Pandoraea species are multidrug-resistant glucose-nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli that are usually isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and from water and soil. Reports of diseases, including bloodstream infections, caused by Pandoraea spp. in non-CF patients are rare, and the clinical and microbiological characteristics are unclear. The identification of Pandorea spp. is limited by conventional microbiological methods and may be misidentified as other species owing to overlapping biochemical profiles. Here, we report the first case of obstructive cholangitis with bacteremia caused by Pandoraea apista in a patient with advanced colorectal cancer. A 61-year-old man with advanced colorectal cancer who underwent right nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma 4 years earlier with well-controlled diabetes mellitus was admitted to our hospital with fever for 2 days. The last chemotherapy (regorafenib) was administered approximately 3 weeks ago, and an endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy was performed 2 weeks ago under hospitalization for obstructive jaundice. Two days prior, he presented with fever with chills. He was treated with piperacillin-tazobactam for obstructive cholangitis and showed improvement but subsequently presented with exacerbation. Bacterial isolates from the blood and bile samples were identified as P. apista using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Based on the susceptibility results of the isolates, he was successfully treated with oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 160 mg/800 mg/day for 14 days for P. apista infection.
CONCLUSIONS
Pandoraea species are often misidentified. Therefore, multiple approaches should be used to identify them, and decisions regarding antimicrobial treatment should be based on actual in vitro susceptibility. Only seven cases of Pandoraea spp. bloodstream infections have been reported, and we report the first case of cholangitis with bacteremia.
Topics: Bacteremia; Burkholderiaceae; Cholangitis; Colorectal Neoplasms; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; RNA, Ribosomal; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sepsis; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 35672730
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07514-z -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Dec 2001The recently described genus Pandoraea contains five named species (Pandoraea apista, Pandoraea pulmonicola, Pandoraea pnomenusa, Pandoraea sputorum, and Pandoraea...
The recently described genus Pandoraea contains five named species (Pandoraea apista, Pandoraea pulmonicola, Pandoraea pnomenusa, Pandoraea sputorum, and Pandoraea norimbergensis) and four unnamed genomospecies. Pandoraea spp. have mainly been recovered from the respiratory tracts of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Accurate genus- and species-level identification by routine clinical microbiology methods is difficult, and differentiation from Burkholderia cepacia complex organisms may be especially problematic. This can have important consequences for the management of CF patients. On the basis of 16S ribosomal DNA sequences, PCR assays for the identification of Pandoraea spp. were developed. A first PCR assay was developed for the identification of Pandoraea isolates to the genus level. PCR assays for the identification of P. apista and P. pulmonicola as a group, P. pnomenusa, P. sputorum, and P. norimbergensis were also developed. All five assays were evaluated with a panel of 123 bacterial isolates that included 69 Pandoraea sp. strains, 24 B. cepacia complex strains, 6 Burkholderia gladioli strains, 9 Ralstonia sp. strains, 5 Alcaligenes xylosoxidans strains, 5 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains, and 5 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The use of these PCR assays facilitates the identification of Pandoraea spp. and avoids the misidentification of a Pandoraea sp. as a B. cepacia complex isolate.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Betaproteobacteria; Cystic Fibrosis; DNA Primers; DNA, Ribosomal; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 11724860
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.12.4452-4455.2001 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2016To date, information on plasmid analysis in spp. is scarce. To address the gap of knowledge on this, the complete sequences of eight plasmids from spp. namely DSM...
To date, information on plasmid analysis in spp. is scarce. To address the gap of knowledge on this, the complete sequences of eight plasmids from spp. namely DSM 23572 (pPF72-1, pPF72-2), DSM 23570 (pPO70-1, pPO70-2, pPO70-3, pPO70-4), NS15 (pPV15) and DSM 16535 (pPA35) were studied for the first time in this study. The information on plasmid sequences in spp. is useful as the sequences did not match any known plasmid sequence deposited in public databases. Replication genes were not identified in some plasmids, a situation that has led to the possibility of host interaction involvement. Some plasmids were also void of genes and intriguingly, gene was also not discovered in these plasmids. This further leads to the hypothesis of host-plasmid interaction. Plasmid stabilization/stability protein-encoding genes were observed in some plasmids but were not established for participating in plasmid segregation. Toxin-antitoxin systems MazEF, VapBC, RelBE, YgiT-MqsR, HigBA, and ParDE were identified across the plasmids and their presence would improve plasmid maintenance. Conjugation genes were identified portraying the conjugation ability amongst plasmids. Additionally, we found a shared region amongst some of the plasmids that consists of conjugation genes. The identification of genes involved in replication, segregation, toxin-antitoxin systems and conjugation, would aid the design of drugs to prevent the survival or transmission of plasmids carrying pathogenic properties. Additionally, genes conferring virulence and antibiotic resistance were identified amongst the plasmids. The observed features in the plasmids shed light on the spp. as opportunistic pathogens.
PubMed: 27790203
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01606 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology May 2001CDC weak oxidizer group 2 (WO-2) consists of nine phenotypically similar human clinical isolates received by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 1989...
CDC weak oxidizer group 2 (WO-2) consists of nine phenotypically similar human clinical isolates received by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 1989 and 1998. Four of the isolates were from blood, three were from sputum, and one each was from bronchial fluid and maxillary sinus. All are aerobic nonfermentative, motile gram-negative rods with one to eight polar flagella per cell. All grew at 25 and 35 degrees C and were positive for catalase, urease (usually delayed 3 to 7 days), citrate, alkalinization of litmus milk, oxidization of glycerol (weakly), and growth on MacConkey agar and in nutrient broth without NaCl. All except one strain were oxidase positive with the Kovács method, and all except one isolate weakly oxidized D-glucose. All were negative for oxidation of D-xylose, D-mannitol, lactose, sucrose, maltose, and 20 other carbohydrates, esculin hydrolysis, indole production, arginine dihydrolase, and lysine and ornithine decarboxylase. Only two of nine isolates reduced nitrate. Broth microdilution susceptibilities were determined for all strains against 13 antimicrobial agents. Most of the strains were resistant to ampicillin, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides, including gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin, but they varied in their susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. High-performance liquid chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses of the WO-2 group identified ubiquinone-8 as the major quinone component. The percent G+C of the WO-2 strains ranged from 65.2 to 70.7% (thermal denaturation method). All shared a common cellular fatty acid (CFA) profile, which was characterized by relatively large amounts (7 to 22%) of 16:1omega7c, 16:0, 17:0cyc, 18:1omega7c, and 19:0cyc(11-12); small amounts (1 to 3%) of 12:0 and 14:0; and eight hydroxy acids, 2-OH-12:0 (4%), 2-OH-14:0 (trace), 3-OH-14:0 (12%), 2-OH-16:1 (1%), 2-OH-16:0 (3%), 3-OH-16:0 (4%), 2-OH-18:1 (2%), and 2-OH-19:0cyc (3%). This profile is similar to the CFA profile of Pandoraea, a recently described genus associated with respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients (T. Coenye et al., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 50:887-899, 2000). Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (1,300 bp) for all nine strains indicated a high level (> or =98.8%) of homogeneity with Pandoraea spp. type strains. DNA-DNA hybridization analysis (hydroxyapatite method; 70 degrees C) confirmed the identity of WO-2 with the genus Pandoraea and assigned three strains to Pandoraea apista and three to Pandoraea pnomenusa, and identified three additional new genomospecies containing one strain each (ATCC BAA-108, ATCC BAA-109, ATCC BAA-110). This study also shows that Pandoraea isolates may be encountered in blood cultures from patients without cystic fibrosis.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Betaproteobacteria; Child, Preschool; Fatty Acids; Female; Genes, rRNA; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Molecular Sequence Data; Oxidation-Reduction; Phenotype; Quinones; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 11325997
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.5.1819-1826.2001 -
Journal of Laboratory Physicians Jun 2021is a novel gram-negative bacillus usually isolated from respiratory specimens of cystic fibrosis patients. Few cases of bacteremia have also been reported due to this...
is a novel gram-negative bacillus usually isolated from respiratory specimens of cystic fibrosis patients. Few cases of bacteremia have also been reported due to this rare pathogen. Emergence of multidrug-resistant isolates of this bacillus is of grave concern. Here, we report a very interesting and unusual case of bacteremia in a coronavirus disease (COVID)-positive elderly diabetic man suffering from pneumonia. Prompt isolation and antibiotic sensitivity testing guided the patient's treatment and yielded favorable outcome. The need of automated methods for identification and sensitivity testing limits the reporting of this rare but important pathogen in hospital settings. Detailed research work and studies are needed in this direction to better understand this pathogen and its clinical manifestations for better patient outcome.
PubMed: 34483568
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730847 -
ACS Central Science Jul 2022Dynamics is an essential process to drive an enzyme to perform a function. When a protein sequence encodes for its three-dimensional structure and hence its function, it...
Dynamics is an essential process to drive an enzyme to perform a function. When a protein sequence encodes for its three-dimensional structure and hence its function, it essentially defines the intrinsic dynamics of the molecule. The static X-ray crystal structure was thought to shed little insight into the molecule's dynamics until the recently available tool "Ensemble refinement" (ER). Here, we report the structure-function-dynamics of PanPL, an alginate-specific, endolytic, allosteric polysaccharide lyase belonging to the PL-5 family from . The crystal structures determined in apo and tetra-ManA bound forms reveal that the PanPL maintains a closed state with an N-terminal loop lid (N-loop-lid) arched over the active site. The B-factor analyses and ER congruently reveal how pH influences the functionally relevant atomic fluctuations at the N-loop-lid. The ER unveils enhanced fluctuations at the N-loop-lid upon substrate binding. The normal-mode analysis finds that the functional states are confined. The 1 μs simulation study suggests the existence of a hidden open state. The longer N-loop-lid selects a mechanism to adopt a closed state and undergo fluctuations to facilitate the substrate binding. Here, our work demonstrates the distinct modes of dynamics; both intrinsic and substrate-induced conformational changes are vital for enzyme functioning and allostery.
PubMed: 35912344
DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00277 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Jul 2014Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recessive genetic disease characterized by chronic respiratory infections and inflammation causing permanent lung damage. Recurrent infections...
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recessive genetic disease characterized by chronic respiratory infections and inflammation causing permanent lung damage. Recurrent infections are caused by Gram-negative antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) and the emerging pathogen genus Pandoraea. In this study, the interactions between co-colonizing CF pathogens were investigated. Both Pandoraea and Bcc elicited potent pro-inflammatory responses that were significantly greater than Ps. aeruginosa. The original aim was to examine whether combinations of pro-inflammatory pathogens would further exacerbate inflammation. In contrast, when these pathogens were colonized in the presence of Ps. aeruginosa the pro-inflammatory response was significantly decreased. Real-time PCR quantification of bacterial DNA from mixed cultures indicated that Ps. aeruginosa significantly inhibited the growth of Burkholderia multivorans, Burkholderia cenocepacia, Pandoraea pulmonicola and Pandoraea apista, which may be a factor in its dominance as a colonizer of CF patients. Ps. aeruginosa cell-free supernatant also suppressed growth of these pathogens, indicating that inhibition was innate rather than a response to the presence of a competitor. Screening of a Ps. aeruginosa mutant library highlighted a role for quorum sensing and pyoverdine biosynthesis genes in the inhibition of B. cenocepacia. Pyoverdine was confirmed to contribute to the inhibition of B. cenocepacia strain J2315. B. multivorans was the only species that could significantly inhibit Ps. aeruginosa growth. B. multivorans also inhibited B. cenocepacia and Pa. apista. In conclusion, both Ps. aeruginosa and B. multivorans are capable of suppressing growth and virulence of co-colonizing CF pathogens.
Topics: Burkholderia; Burkholderia Infections; Burkholderia cepacia complex; Burkholderiaceae; Cell Line; Cystic Fibrosis; Cytokines; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Models, Biological; Pseudomonas Infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Quorum Sensing; Virulence
PubMed: 24790091
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.074203-0 -
Genome Announcements Nov 2015Pandoraea species, in particular Pandoraea apista, are opportunistic, multidrug-resistant pathogens in persons with cystic fibrosis (CF). To aid in understanding the...
Pandoraea species, in particular Pandoraea apista, are opportunistic, multidrug-resistant pathogens in persons with cystic fibrosis (CF). To aid in understanding the role of P. apista in CF lung disease, we used Illumina MiSeq and nanopore MinION technology to sequence the whole genome of the P. apista LMG 16407(T).
PubMed: 26564037
DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.01300-15 -
Surgical Neurology International 2021is predominantly recovered from the respiratory tract of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Authors report first case of central nervous system infection by in the...
BACKGROUND
is predominantly recovered from the respiratory tract of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Authors report first case of central nervous system infection by in the form of skull base osteomyelitis.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A 67-year-old male presented with complaints of earache and hearing deficit for few months. The radiology was suggestive of skull base osteomyelitis and polypoidal soft tissue extending from the middle cranial fossa to the infratemporal fossa. The sample from the targeted area revealed on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. With adequate antibiotic therapy, there was clinicoradiologic improvement. is an infection exclusively seen in pulmonary infection in patients with CF. We identified its intracranial involvement in a patient for the 1 time in the literature. The serendipitous diagnosis needs evaluation on specific PCR and matrix-assisted laser desorption spectrometry. The treatment with antibiotics provides a definite cure.
CONCLUSION
We report a rare opportunistic infection with central nervous system involvement which can be cured by accurate diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment.
PubMed: 34621562
DOI: 10.25259/SNI_472_2021