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Science (New York, N.Y.) Mar 2018Diurnal gene expression patterns underlie time-of-the-day-specific functional specialization of tissues. However, available circadian gene expression atlases of a few...
Diurnal gene expression patterns underlie time-of-the-day-specific functional specialization of tissues. However, available circadian gene expression atlases of a few organs are largely from nocturnal vertebrates. We report the diurnal transcriptome of 64 tissues, including 22 brain regions, sampled every 2 hours over 24 hours, from the primate (baboon). Genomic transcription was highly rhythmic, with up to 81.7% of protein-coding genes showing daily rhythms in expression. In addition to tissue-specific gene expression, the rhythmic transcriptome imparts another layer of functional specialization. Most ubiquitously expressed genes that participate in essential cellular functions exhibit rhythmic expression in a tissue-specific manner. The peak phases of rhythmic gene expression clustered around dawn and dusk, with a "quiescent period" during early night. Our findings also unveil a different temporal organization of central and peripheral tissues between diurnal and nocturnal animals.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Circadian Clocks; Circadian Rhythm; Genomics; Male; Papio anubis; Transcriptome
PubMed: 29439024
DOI: 10.1126/science.aao0318 -
ELife Jun 2023Ecological associations among gut bacteria are largely consistent across hosts in a population of wild baboons.
Ecological associations among gut bacteria are largely consistent across hosts in a population of wild baboons.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Papio; Bacteria
PubMed: 37358559
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.89468 -
Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation Dec 2017There continues to be an inadequate organ supply and lack of effective temporary support, for patients with liver failure. The purpose of this review is to discuss... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
There continues to be an inadequate organ supply and lack of effective temporary support, for patients with liver failure. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent progress in the field of orthotopic pig-to-nonhuman primate (NHP) liver xenotransplantation (LXT).
RECENT FINDINGS
From 1968 to 2012, survival in pig-to-NHP LXT was limited to 9 days, initially due to hyperacute rejection which has been ameliorated through use of genetically engineered donor organs, but ultimately because of profound thrombocytopenia, thrombotic microangiopathy, and bleeding. Most recently, however, demise secondary to lethal coagulopathy has been avoided with LXT of α(1,3)-galactosyltransferase knockouts and cytomegalovirus-negative porcine xenografts into baboons receiving exogenous administration of coagulation factors and co-stimulation blockade, establishing that a porcine liver is capable of supporting NHP life for nearly a month.
SUMMARY
Continued consistent achievement of pig-to-NHP LXT survival beyond 2 weeks justifies consideration of a clinical application as a bridge to allotransplantation for patients with acute hepatic failure. Further genetic modifications to the donor, as well as additional studies, are required in order to apply LXT as destination therapy.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Liver Transplantation; Papio; Swine; Transplantation, Heterologous
PubMed: 28817400
DOI: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000459 -
Aging Nov 2021
Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Cellular Senescence; Female; Fibroblasts; Homeostasis; Male; Models, Biological; Oxidative Stress; Papio; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 34845113
DOI: 10.18632/aging.203728 -
Genes Feb 2023Baboons (genus ) are an intriguing study system to investigate complex evolutionary processes and the evolution of social systems. An increasing number of studies over... (Review)
Review
Baboons (genus ) are an intriguing study system to investigate complex evolutionary processes and the evolution of social systems. An increasing number of studies over the last 20 years has shown that considerable incongruences exist between phylogenies based on morphology, mitochondrial, and nuclear sequence data of modern baboons, and hybridization and introgression have been suggested as the main drivers of these patterns. Baboons, therefore, present an excellent opportunity to study these phenomena and their impact on speciation. Advances both in geographic and genomic coverage provide increasing details on the complexity of the phylogeography of baboons. Here, we compile the georeferenced genetic data of baboons and review the current knowledge on baboon phylogeny, discuss the evolutionary processes that may have shaped the patterns that we observe today, and propose future avenues for research.
Topics: Animals; Papio; Phylogeny; Phylogeography; Hybridization, Genetic; Genomics
PubMed: 36980887
DOI: 10.3390/genes14030614 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Aug 2020To balance the trade-offs of male co-residence, males living in multi-male groups may exchange ritualized greetings. Although these non-aggressive signals are widespread... (Review)
Review
To balance the trade-offs of male co-residence, males living in multi-male groups may exchange ritualized greetings. Although these non-aggressive signals are widespread in the animal kingdom, the repertoire described in the genus is exceptional, involving potentially harmful behaviours such as genital fondling. Such greetings are among the most striking male baboon social interactions, yet their function remains disputed. Drawing on the comprehensive analysis from our own research on wild Guinea baboons, combined with a survey of the literature into other baboon species, we review the form and function of male-male ritualized greetings and their relation to the various social systems present in this genus. These ritualized signals differ between species in their occurrence, form and function. While ritualized greetings are rare in species with the most intense contest competition, the complexity of and risk involved in greeting rituals increase with the degree of male-male tolerance and cooperation. The variety of societies found in this genus, combined with its role as a model for human socioecological evolution, sheds light on the evolution of ritualized behaviour in non-human primates and rituals in humans. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ritual renaissance: new insights into the most human of behaviours'.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Biological Evolution; Ceremonial Behavior; Cultural Evolution; Female; Male; Papio
PubMed: 32594879
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0420 -
Current Biology : CB Sep 2013
Topics: Altruism; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Chiroptera; Cooperative Behavior; Female; Grooming; Humans; Male; Pan troglodytes; Papio
PubMed: 24070439
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.03.052 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2018The Old World non-human primates (NHP) - baboons (Papio spp.) share similarities with humans regarding fetal and placental development and some pregnancy-related...
The Old World non-human primates (NHP) - baboons (Papio spp.) share similarities with humans regarding fetal and placental development and some pregnancy-related complications. Information about the mechanism of birth and complications arising during parturition in these species is relatively sparse. In this manuscript, we add information from a series of pathological and observational cases to highlight insights and selected complications of birth in Papio spp, based on video-recording of the delivery process, X-ray, MRI, and ultrasound evaluations in pregnant baboons. Additionally, we abstracted pathology records obtained from perinatal loss in a large baboon colony during a 17 year period. The presented cases provide important information for the management of pregnancy and delivery in Papio spp.
Topics: Animals; Female; Gestational Age; Labor, Obstetric; Male; Papio; Parturition; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications
PubMed: 29352119
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19221-4 -
Science Advances Oct 2023Humans are strategic cooperators; we make decisions on the basis of costs and benefits to maintain high levels of cooperation, and this is thought to have played a key...
Humans are strategic cooperators; we make decisions on the basis of costs and benefits to maintain high levels of cooperation, and this is thought to have played a key role in human evolution. In comparison, monkeys and apes might lack the cognitive capacities necessary to develop flexible forms of cooperation. We show that Guinea baboons () can use direct reciprocity and partner choice to develop and maintain high levels of cooperation in a prosocial choice task. Our findings demonstrate that monkeys have the cognitive capacities to adjust their level of cooperation strategically using a combination of partner choice and partner control strategies. Such capacities were likely present in our common ancestor and would have provided the foundations for the evolution of typically human forms of cooperation.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Papio papio; Hominidae; Cooperative Behavior
PubMed: 37889969
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5282 -
General and Comparative Endocrinology Feb 2021Hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs) are measures of long-term hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) activity and can be used as indicators of chronic stress....
Hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs) are measures of long-term hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) activity and can be used as indicators of chronic stress. However, intrinsic factors such as an animal's age and sex can also have an impact on resulting HCCs. Although baboons are commonly studied in captivity, little is known about baseline HCC in this population. Here we measured HCC in two same-sex groups of captive olive (Papio hamadryas anubis) baboons and olive/yellow baboon (Papio hamadryas cynocephalus) crosses housed in large outdoor corrals, and we assessed the impact of age and sex on HCC as major variables of interest. Hair was gently shaved from the back of the neck when the animals were sedated for routine physicals. Subjects were divided into three age categories: juvenile (2-4 years), adult (9-12 years), and senior (13-19 years). The "senior" category contained only males. Results confirm an effect of sex and age on HCCs. Females had higher levels of hair cortisol than males, and juveniles had higher levels than adults. There was also a significant sex × age interaction. There were no sex differences in HCCs in juveniles, but there was a greater decline in HCCs in adult males than in adult females. Within males, there was a significant difference in levels of hair cortisol across the three age categories. Juveniles had higher levels than did adults and seniors, but adults and seniors were not significantly different from one another. These results provide baseline measures of hair cortisol in captive baboons and demonstrate effects of sex and age on HCCs.
Topics: Animals; Child, Preschool; Female; Hair; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Papio; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 33301757
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113692