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International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2023Obesity and obesity-associated disorders pose a major public health issue worldwide. Apart from conventional weight loss drugs, next-generation probiotics (NGPs) seem to... (Review)
Review
Obesity and obesity-associated disorders pose a major public health issue worldwide. Apart from conventional weight loss drugs, next-generation probiotics (NGPs) seem to be very promising as potential preventive and therapeutic agents against obesity. Candidate NGPs such as , , and have shown promise in preclinical models of obesity and obesity-associated disorders. Proposed mechanisms include the modulation of gut flora and amelioration of intestinal dysbiosis, improvement of intestinal barrier function, reduction in chronic low-grade inflammation and modulation of gut peptide secretion. and have already been administered in overweight/obese patients with encouraging results. However, safety issues and strict regulations should be constantly implemented and updated. In this review, we aim to explore (1) current knowledge regarding NGPs; (2) their utility in obesity and obesity-associated disorders; (3) their safety profile; and (4) their therapeutic potential in individuals with overweight/obesity. More large-scale, multicentric and longitudinal studies are mandatory to explore their preventive and therapeutic potential against obesity and its related disorders.
Topics: Humans; Overweight; Obesity; Probiotics; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Inflammation
PubMed: 37047729
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076755 -
Nature Communications Jun 2023Large temperature difference is reported to be a risk factor for human health. However, little evidence has reported the effects of temperature fluctuation on...
Large temperature difference is reported to be a risk factor for human health. However, little evidence has reported the effects of temperature fluctuation on sarcopenia, a senile disease characterized by loss of muscle mass and function. Here, we demonstrate that higher diurnal temperature range in humans has a positive correlation with the prevalence of sarcopenia. Fluctuated temperature exposure (10-25 °C) accelerates muscle atrophy and dampens exercise performance in mid-aged male mice. Interestingly, fluctuated temperature alters the microbiota composition with increased levels of Parabacteroides_distasonis, Duncaniella_dubosii and decreased levels of Candidatus_Amulumruptor, Roseburia, Eubacterium. Transplantation of fluctuated temperature-shaped microbiota replays the adverse effects on muscle function. Mechanically, we find that altered microbiota increases circulating aminoadipic acid, a lysine degradation product. Aminoadipic acid damages mitochondrial function through inhibiting mitophagy in vitro. And Eubacterium supplementation alleviates muscle atrophy and dysfunction induced by fluctuated temperature. Our results uncover the detrimental impact of fluctuated temperature on muscle function and provide a new clue for gut-muscle axis.
Topics: Humans; Male; Animals; Mice; Middle Aged; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Sarcopenia; Temperature; Muscular Atrophy; Microbiota; Eubacterium
PubMed: 37311782
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39171-4 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as impaired glucose tolerance recognized during pregnancy. GDM is associated with metabolic disorder phenotypes, such as... (Review)
Review
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as impaired glucose tolerance recognized during pregnancy. GDM is associated with metabolic disorder phenotypes, such as obesity, low-grade inflammation, and insulin resistance. Following delivery, nearly half of the women with a history of GDM have persistent postpartum glucose intolerance and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as much as 7-fold. The alarming upward trend may worsen the socioeconomic burden worldwide. Accumulating evidence strongly associates gut microbiota dysbiosis in women with GDM, similar to the T2DM profile. Several metagenomics studies have shown gut microbiota, such as Ruminococcaceae, , and , were enriched in women with GDM. These microbiota populations are associated with metabolic pathways for carbohydrate metabolism and insulin signaling, suggesting a potential "gut microbiota signature" in women with GDM. Furthermore, elevated expression of serum zonulin, a marker of gut epithelial permeability, during early pregnancy in women with GDM indicates a possible link between gut microbiota and GDM. Nevertheless, few studies have revealed discrepant results, and the interplay between gut microbiota dysbiosis and host metabolism in women with GDM is yet to be elucidated. Lifestyle modification and pharmacological treatment with metformin showed evidence of modulation of gut microbiota and proved to be beneficial to maintain glucose homeostasis in T2DM. Nonetheless, post-GDM women have poor compliance toward lifestyle modification after delivery, and metformin treatment remains controversial as a T2DM preventive strategy. We hypothesized modulation of the composition of gut microbiota with probiotics supplementation may reverse postpartum glucose intolerance in post-GDM women. In this review, we addressed gut microbiota dysbiosis and the possible mechanistic links between the host and gut microbiota in women with GDM. Furthermore, this review highlights the potential therapeutic use of probiotics in post-GDM women as a T2DM preventive strategy.
Topics: Bacteroidetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Pregnancy
PubMed: 32500037
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00188 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2020Cumulative evidence shows a linkage between gut microbiota pattern and depression through the brain-gut microbiome axis. The aim of this systematic review was to...
Cumulative evidence shows a linkage between gut microbiota pattern and depression through the brain-gut microbiome axis. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the alterations of the gut microbiota patterns in people with depression compared to healthy controls. A comprehensive literature search of human studies, published between January 2000 and June 2019, was reviewed. The key words included gastrointestinal microbiome, gut microbiome, microbiota, depression, depressive symptoms, and depressive disorder. The systematic review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Nine articles met the eligibility criteria. Disparities in α-diversity and β-diversity of the microbiota existed in people with depression compared to healthy controls. At the phylum level, there were inconsistencies in the abundance of , , . However, high abundance in and phyla were observed in people with depression. On the family level, high abundance of , , , , , , , , , , , , , low abundance of , , , , , , and were observed in people with depression. On the genus level, high abundance of , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and low abundance of , , , , , , , and were found in people with depression. Alteration of gut microbiome patterns was evident in people with depression. Further evidence is warranted to allow for the translation of microbiome findings toward innovative clinical strategies that may improve treatment outcomes in people with depression.
PubMed: 32587537
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00541 -
Nutrients Dec 2022Probiotics could improve cognitive functions in patients with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, but the effects on cognitive function in healthy... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Probiotics could improve cognitive functions in patients with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, but the effects on cognitive function in healthy older adults without cognitive impairment need further study. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Bifidobacterium longum BB68S (BB68S) on cognitive functions among healthy older adults without cognitive impairment. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 60 healthy older adults without cognitive impairment who were divided into probiotic or placebo groups and required to consume either a sachet of probiotic (BB68S, 5 × 1010 CFU/sachet) or placebo once daily for 8 weeks. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used as an inclusion screening tool to screen elderly participants with healthy cognitive function in our study, and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was used to assess cognitive function in subjects before and after intervention as an assessment tool. BB68S significantly improved subjects’ cognitive functions (total RBANS score increased by 18.89 points after intervention, p < 0.0001), especially immediate memory, visuospatial/constructional, attention, and delayed memory domains. BB68S intervention increased the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria Lachnospira, Bifidobacterium, Dorea, and Cellulosilyticum, while decreasing those of bacteria related to cognition impairment, such as Collinsella, Parabacteroides, Tyzzerella, Bilophila, unclassified_c_Negativicutes, Epulopiscium, Porphyromonas, and Granulicatella. In conclusion, BB68S could improve cognitive functions in healthy elderly adults without cognitive impairment, along with having beneficial regulatory effects on their gut microbiota. This study supports probiotics as a strategy to promote healthy aging and advances cognitive aging research.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Bifidobacterium longum; Probiotics; Cognition; Bifidobacterium; Cognitive Dysfunction; Double-Blind Method
PubMed: 36615708
DOI: 10.3390/nu15010051 -
Microorganisms Aug 2023levels are reported to be low in obese individuals, and this genus has shown an anti-obesity capacity in animal studies. Nevertheless, the relationship between and...
levels are reported to be low in obese individuals, and this genus has shown an anti-obesity capacity in animal studies. Nevertheless, the relationship between and obesity in different subpopulations, e.g., with respect to age and sex, and its association with subsequent weight change have rarely been explored. The cross-sectional associations of genus- and species-level abundance with obesity were explored in the Guangdong Gut Microbiome Project (GGMP), which included 5843 adults, and replicated in the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNSH), which included 1637 individuals. Furthermore, we assessed the prospective associations of and its main abundance with the subsequent changes in body mass index (BMI) in the GNSH. We found that was inversely associated with obesity among females and participants aged 40-69 years in the GGMP and the replicated cohort in the GNSH. After a 3-year follow-up, there was no significant correlation between and the subsequent changes in BMI. However, () showed a negative correlation with subsequent BMI changes in the female and middle-aged (40-69 years) subpopulations. Overall, our results indicate that have an inverse relationship with obesity and that () have a negative association with subsequent changes in BMI among females and middle-aged populations in perspective analyses.
PubMed: 37630647
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082087 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2019Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome defined by weight loss, muscle wasting, and systemic inflammation. It affects the majority of patients with advanced cancer... (Review)
Review
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome defined by weight loss, muscle wasting, and systemic inflammation. It affects the majority of patients with advanced cancer and is associated with poor treatment response, early mortality and decreased quality of life. The microbiota has been implicated in cancer cachexia through pathways of systemic inflammation, gut barrier dysfunction and muscle wasting. The imbalance of the microbiota, known as dysbiosis, has been shown to influence cancer cachexia. Bacteria that play beneficial and detrimental roles in the disease pathogenesis have been identified. The phenotype of cancer cachexia is associated with decreased levels of and increased levels of and . Currently, there are no treatment options that demonstrate increased survival or the quality of life in patients suffering from cancer cachexia. Through the manipulation of beneficial bacteria in the gut microbiota, different treatment options have been explored. Prebiotics and probiotics have been shown to improve outcomes in animal models of cachexia. Expounding on this mechanism, fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) holds promise for a future treatment of cancer cachexia. Further research is necessary to address this detrimental disease process and improve the lives of patients suffering from cancer cachexia.
Topics: Animals; Cachexia; Disease Susceptibility; Dysbiosis; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Microbiota; Neoplasms; Probiotics
PubMed: 31842339
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246267 -
Gut Microbes 2023The gut microbiota is involved in the production of numerous metabolites that maintain host wellbeing. The assembly of the gut microbiome is highly dynamic, and...
The gut microbiota is involved in the production of numerous metabolites that maintain host wellbeing. The assembly of the gut microbiome is highly dynamic, and influenced by many postnatal factors, moreover, little is known about the development of the gut metabolome. We showed that geography has an important influence on the microbiome dynamics in the first year of life based on two independent cohorts from China and Sweden. Major compositional differences since birth were the high relative abundance of in the Swedish cohort and in the Chinese cohort. We analyzed the development of the fecal metabolome in the first year of life in the Chinese cohort. Lipid metabolism, especially acylcarnitines and bile acids, was the most abundant metabolic pathway in the newborn gut. Delivery mode and feeding induced particular differences in the gut metabolome since birth. In contrast to C-section newborns, medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines were abundant at newborn age only in vaginally delivered infants, associated by the presence of bacteria such as and . Our data provide a basis for understanding the maturation of the fecal metabolome and the metabolic role of gut microbiota in infancy.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant; China; Bile Acids and Salts; Amino Acids; Sweden; Bacteroides; Streptococcus; Feces; Lipid Metabolism; Feeding Behavior; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Pregnancy; Cesarean Section; Longitudinal Studies; Male
PubMed: 37424334
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2231596 -
MBio Apr 2024Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. The etiology of IBD remains elusive, but the disease is suggested...
UNLABELLED
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. The etiology of IBD remains elusive, but the disease is suggested to arise from the interaction of environmental and genetic factors that trigger inadequate immune responses and inflammation in the intestine. The gut microbiome majorly contributes to disease as an environmental variable, and although some causative bacteria are identified, little is known about which specific members of the microbiome aid in the intestinal epithelial barrier function to protect from disease. While chemically inducing colitis in mice from two distinct animal facilities, we serendipitously found that mice in one facility showed remarkable resistance to disease development, which was associated with increased markers of epithelial barrier integrity. Importantly, we show that and were significantly increased in the microbiota of resistant mice. To causally connect these microbes to protection against disease, we colonized susceptible mice with the two bacterial species. Our results demonstrate that and . synergistically drive a protective effect in both acute and chronic models of colitis by boosting the frequency of type 3 innate lymphoid cells in the colon and by improving gut epithelial integrity. Altogether, our work reveals a combined effort of commensal microbes in offering protection against severe intestinal inflammation by shaping gut immunity and by enhancing intestinal epithelial barrier stability. Our study highlights the beneficial role of gut bacteria in dictating intestinal homeostasis, which is an important step toward employing microbiome-driven therapeutic approaches for IBD clinical management.
IMPORTANCE
The contribution of the gut microbiome to the balance between homeostasis and inflammation is widely known. Nevertheless, the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease, which is known to be influenced by genetics, immune response, and environmental cues, remains unclear. Unlocking novel players involved in the dictation of a protective gut, namely, in the microbiota component, is therefore crucial to develop novel strategies to tackle IBD. Herein, we revealed a synergistic interaction between two commensal bacterial strains, and , which induce protection against both acute and chronic models of colitis induction, by enhancing epithelial barrier integrity and promoting group 3 innate lymphoid cells in the colonic mucosa. This study provides a novel insight on how commensal bacteria can beneficially act to promote intestinal homeostasis, which may open new avenues toward the use of microbiome-derived strategies to tackle IBD.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Immunity, Innate; Lymphocytes; Colitis; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Inflammation; Verrucomicrobia; Akkermansia; Bacteroidetes
PubMed: 38470269
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00078-24 -
Theranostics 2020Activation of the thermogenic program in white and brown adipocytes presents a promising avenue for increasing energy expenditure during the treatment of obesity. The...
Activation of the thermogenic program in white and brown adipocytes presents a promising avenue for increasing energy expenditure during the treatment of obesity. The endogenous mechanism for promoting thermogenesis in brown adipocytes or browning in white adipocytes has indicated that the gut microbiota is a crucial regulator of the host energy balance. However, whether the effects of the therapeutic intervention-induced modulation of the gut microbiota on adipocyte browning involved the regulation of leptin remains unclear. The adipose features were analyzed by body composition analysis, infrared camera observations, transmission electron microscopy and H&E staining. The gene and protein expression in adipose tissue were detected by qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. The gut microbiome signature was identified by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and both mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) and mice with antibiotics-induced microbiome depletion were subjected to fecal microbiota transplantation. Treatment with saponins (PNS) shaped the murine gut microbiome by increasing the abundances of and , and as a result, DIO mice harbored a distal gut microbiota with a significantly increased capacity to reduce host adiposity. The PNS-induced modulation of the gut microbiota in DIO mice could increase brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and beige adipocyte reconstruction by activating the leptin-AMPK/STAT3 signaling pathway, which results in the promotion of energy expenditure. Leptin has an essential influence on the anti-obesity effects of PNS. In cases of leptin deficiency, the PNS-induced modulation of the gut microbiota exerts negative effects on thermogenesis and browning in white adipose tissue (WAT), which indicates that PNS fail to reduce obesity in leptin gene-deficient mice. The PNS-induced modulation of the gut microbiota exerted a minimal effect on DIO mice with antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion, which confirmed the correlation between altered gut microbiota and the remodeling of adipose tissues in DIO mice. The direct influence of leptin on browning the AMPKα/STAT3 signaling pathway in C3H101/2 cells supported our results that signalling through the leptin-AMPK/STAT3 pathway induced by the PNS-modulated gut microbiota was involved in beige adipocyte reconstruction. : Our results revealed that leptin signaling is critical for alterations in microbiota-fat crosstalk and provide promising avenues for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of obesity.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Adipocytes, Beige; Adipose Tissue, White; Akkermansia; Animals; Bacteroidetes; Body Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Diet, High-Fat; Disease Models, Animal; Energy Metabolism; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Leptin; Male; Mice; Mice, Obese; Obesity; Panax notoginseng; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Saponins; Signal Transduction; Thermogenesis
PubMed: 33042284
DOI: 10.7150/thno.47746