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Frontiers in Microbiology 2018Bacteria of the genus are common components of the microbiomes of many naturally- and anthropogenically shaped environments. One species, , is unique within the genus...
Bacteria of the genus are common components of the microbiomes of many naturally- and anthropogenically shaped environments. One species, , is unique within the genus because it is associated with opportunistic human infections. Therefore, strains of may serve as an interesting model to study the transition from a saprophytic to a pathogenic lifestyle in environmental bacteria. Unfortunately, knowledge concerning the biology, genetics and genomic content of is fragmentary; also the mechanisms of pathogenicity of this bacterium remain unclear. In this study we provide the first insight into the genome composition and metabolic potential of a clinical isolate, CCUG 32053. This strain has a multipartite genome (4,632,079 bp) composed of a circular chromosome plus eight extrachromosomal replicons pYEE1-8: 3 chromids and 5 plasmids, with a total size of 1,247,173 bp. The genome has been significantly shaped by the acquisition of genomic islands, prophages ( and phage families) and numerous insertion sequences (ISs) representing seven IS families. Detailed comparative analysis with other complete genomic sequences of spp. (including FDAARGOS_252 and TT13, as well as non-pathogenic strains of other species in this genus) enabled us to identify species-specific genes and to predict putative determinants of virulence. This is the first attempt to identify pathoadaptive genetic information of and to estimate the role of the mobilome in the evolution of pathogenicity in this species.
PubMed: 30410477
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02553 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2021Disinfection is a key element in controlling infections. Fogging, also known as fumigation, is one of the most effective chemical disinfection methods. Peracetic acid...
Disinfection is a key element in controlling infections. Fogging, also known as fumigation, is one of the most effective chemical disinfection methods. Peracetic acid (PAA) is a powerful oxidant with bactericidal and fungicidal properties. The aim of this study is to determine the type of bacteria and fungi present in educational institutions and whether disinfection by PAA fumigation in these institutions is also effective and useful, as demonstrated previously in healthcare centers. This study was carried out in five kindergartens and five primary schools in Bialystok, Poland. Three rooms have been selected in each of these educational institutions, and the disinfection was carried out in 30 rooms in total. Fogging with PAA was performed in selected rooms. Before and after disinfection, samples were collected from four surfaces: walls, tables, doors, and chair backs. Most frequently detected microorganisms in schools and kindergartens were ssp. . In addition, ssp. were the most prevalent in kindergartens, whereas was the most prevalent in schools. Comparison of the bacterial flora of schools and kindergartens showed statistically significant differences in the prevalence of bacteria on different surfaces. A significant decrease in the number of colonies after disinfection was observed on all surfaces ( < 0.05). In addition, the calculated effectiveness of disinfection was 99.7% in kindergartens and 99.3% in schools. The results indicate that fogging of PAA is a highly effective method of surface disinfection in kindergartens and schools.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Actinobacteria; Micrococcaceae; Paracoccus; Peracetic Acid; Schools; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 34604154
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.697917 -
UCL Open. Environment 2023The aim of this study is to obtain knowledge about which cultivable bacterial species are present in indoor air in homes, and whether the concentration and diversity of...
The aim of this study is to obtain knowledge about which cultivable bacterial species are present in indoor air in homes, and whether the concentration and diversity of airborne bacteria are associated with different factors. Measurements have been performed for one whole year inside different rooms in five homes and once in 52 homes. Within homes, a room-to-room variation for concentrations of airborne bacteria was found, but an overlap in bacterial species was found across rooms. Eleven species were found very commonly and included: , , , , , and . The concentrations of Gram-negative bacteria in general and the species were significantly associated with the season with the highest concentrations in spring. The concentrations of , and were associated positively with relative humidity (RH), and concentrations of were associated negatively with temperature and air change rate (ACR). concentrations were associated negatively with ACR. Overall, this study identified species which are commonly present in indoor air in homes, and that the concentrations of some species were associated with the factors: season, ACR and RH.
PubMed: 37229345
DOI: 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000056 -
3 Biotech May 2020This work investigated the properties of VKM B-3302 bacteria isolated from activated sludge and immobilized in an N-vinylpyrrolidone-modified poly(vinyl alcohol)...
This work investigated the properties of VKM B-3302 bacteria isolated from activated sludge and immobilized in an N-vinylpyrrolidone-modified poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix. The developed hydrogel formed a network structure to enable the entrapment of microbial cells with their viability and biocatalytic properties preserved, which ensured the technological possibility of replicating expendable biosensor receptor elements. A new ratio of the components for the synthesis selected in this work enabled producing a copolymer of an earlier undescribed chemical structure, which can be efficiently used for immobilization of highly sensitive bacteria. A biological oxygen demand (BOD) biosensor with these bacteria and matrix was shown to possess a long-time stability exceeding that described earlier, to have a broad substrate specificity and to exceed approximately tenfold the nearest analogues by its sensitivity and the lower boundary value of 0.05 mg/dm. The biosensor enabled assays of water samples initially attributed to pure samples (the BOD range, 0.05-5.0 mg/dm). BOD assays of water samples from various sources showed the use of the receptor element of this composition to enable the data that closely correlated with the standard method ( = 0.9990).
PubMed: 32346498
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02199-0 -
3 Biotech Jul 2021We have studied immobilization of VKM B-3302 cells in an organosilica sol-gel matrix consisting of tetraethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane and polyvinyl alcohol as a...
We have studied immobilization of VKM B-3302 cells in an organosilica sol-gel matrix consisting of tetraethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane and polyvinyl alcohol as a structure-modifying agent. Optical microscopy showed that higher amounts of methyltriethoxysilane make the solid material structure softer. In addition, formation of structures, probably, with bacterial cells inside was spotted. We have analyzed the catalytic power of the immobilized bacteria and discovered that the material's catalytic potential is the highest at 50% of methyltriethoxysilane. Therefore, this seems to be the best ratio of precursors in a material for bacteria to become effectively encapsulated. Analysis of the material structure by low-temperature nitrogen absorption and scanning electron microscopy revealed that in the given conditions the material got crack-like mesopores and spherical particles of about 25 µm in diameter with immobilized bacterial cells on their surface. The study found that the fabricated organosilica material can effectively protect bacterial cells against UV radiation, pH change, high salinity and high heavy metal ion concentration.
PubMed: 34194914
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02863-z -
Biofilm Dec 2022In patients with acute respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation through an endotracheal tube (ET) may be required to correct hypoxemia and hypercarbia. However,...
In patients with acute respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation through an endotracheal tube (ET) may be required to correct hypoxemia and hypercarbia. However, biofilm formation on these ETs is a risk factor for infections in intubated patients, as the ET can act as a reservoir of microorganisms that can cause infections in the lungs. As severely ill COVID-19 patients often need to be intubated, a better knowledge of the composition of ET biofilms in this population is important. In Spring 2020, during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe, 31 ETs were obtained from COVID-19 patients at Ghent University Hospital (Ghent, Belgium). Biofilms were collected from the ET and the biofilm composition was determined using culture-dependent (MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and biochemical tests) and culture-independent (16S and ITS1 rRNA amplicon sequencing) approaches. In addition, antimicrobial resistance was assessed for isolates collected via the culture-dependent approach using disc diffusion for 11 antimicrobials commonly used to treat lower respiratory tract infections. The most common microorganisms identified by the culture-dependent approach were those typically found during lung infections and included both presumed commensal and potentially pathogenic microorganisms like , , and . More unusual organisms, such as , were also identified, but each only in a few patients. The culture-independent approach revealed a wide variety of microbes present in the ET biofilms and showed large variation in biofilm composition between patients. Some biofilms contained a diverse set of bacteria of which many are generally considered as non-pathogenic commensals, whereas others were dominated by a single or a few pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance was widespread in the isolates, e.g. 68% and 53% of all isolates tested were resistant against meropenem and gentamicin, respectively. Different isolates from the same species recovered from the same ET biofilm often showed differences in antibiotic susceptibility. Our data suggest that ET biofilms are a potential risk factor for secondary infections in intubated COVID-19 patients, as is the case in mechanically-ventilated non-COVID-19 patients.
PubMed: 35720435
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2022.100079 -
IDCases 2019is a Gram-negative coccobacilli which is often an environmental organism. However, infection of patients usually with underlying immunosuppression has been described in...
INTRODUCTION
is a Gram-negative coccobacilli which is often an environmental organism. However, infection of patients usually with underlying immunosuppression has been described in the last decades, mainly due to the emergence of diagnostic molecular methods.
CASE PRESENTATION
We describe here a case of peritonitis in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Turbidity of the peritoneal dialysate was the sole clinical manifestation. Inflammatory markers were not raised. A peritoneal fluid specimen showed increased white-cell count, but no organisms were seen on Gram stain. identified as the infectious agent. Patient was successfully treated with gentamicin. Minimum inhibitory concentration analysis suggested to be sensitive to aminoglycosides and specific betalactams but not to ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime, in line with previous literature.
DISCUSSION
This case of peritoneal-dialysis peritonitis contributes to accumulating evidence on the emergent role of this organism as a relevant human pathogen. It also provides information about antibiotic resistance patterns that helps to guide therapy more specifically and effectively.
PubMed: 30701158
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2019.e00486 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Microbial mediator biosensors for surface water toxicity determination make it possible to carry out an early assessment of the environmental object’s quality without...
Microbial mediator biosensors for surface water toxicity determination make it possible to carry out an early assessment of the environmental object’s quality without time-consuming standard procedures based on standard test-organisms, and provide broad opportunities for receptor element modifying depending on the required operational parameters analyzer. Four microorganisms with broad substrate specificity and nine electron acceptors were used to form a receptor system for toxicity assessment. Ferrocene was the most effective mediator according to its high rate constant of interaction with the microorganisms (0.33 ± 0.01 dm3/(g × s) for yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Biosensors were tested on samples containing four heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cd2+), two phenols (phenol and p-nitrophenol), and three natural water samples. The «ferrocene- Escherichia coli» and «ferrocene-Paracoccus yeei, E. coli association» systems showed good operational stability with a relative standard deviation of 6.9 and 7.3% (14 measurements) and a reproducibility of 7 and 5.2% using copper (II) ions as a reference toxicant. Biosensor analysis with these systems was shown to highly correlate with the results of the standard method using Chlorella algae as a test object. Developed biosensors allow for a valuation of the polluted natural water’s impact on the ecosystem via an assessment of the influence on bacteria and yeast in the receptor system. The systems could be used in toxicological monitoring of natural waters.
Topics: Metallocenes; Water; Escherichia coli; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Reproducibility of Results; Chlorella; Ecosystem; Biosensing Techniques; Metals, Heavy; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 36366221
DOI: 10.3390/s22218522 -
Journal of Global Infectious Diseases May 2010Ibuprofen and acetaminophen are common chemical agents that have anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activity.
BACKGROUND
Ibuprofen and acetaminophen are common chemical agents that have anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activity.
AIMS
To detect any potential antibacterial effects of ibuprofen and acetaminophen on pathogenic bacteria.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ibuprofen and acetaminophen were tested for antibacterial activity against seven isolates of bacteria including gram positive bacteria (Staphylococci aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and gram negative bacteria (E. coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella typhi and Paracoccus yeei). Spectrophotometer assay was applied to determine the antibacterial activities of ibuprofen and acetaminophen. Three controls were included in this study: Ampicilline sodium (20 mug/ml); cefotaxime sodium (20 mug/ml) and chemical free medium.
RESULTS
Staphylococcus aureus and Paracoccus yeei were susceptible to lower concentrations of ibuprofen and acetaminophen (MIC=1.25 mg/ml), while two strains of Enterobacter exhibited resistance to these agents.
CONCLUSIONS
Ibuprofen and acetaminophen showed a potential antibacterial effect on isolated strains of bacteria. They had the same ability to inhibit bacterial growth.
PubMed: 20606962
DOI: 10.4103/0974-777X.62880 -
Genome Announcements Jan 2018TT13 was isolated from human skin because of its ability to degrade propylene glycol. Here, we present the whole-genome sequence of this strain; it possesses one...
TT13 was isolated from human skin because of its ability to degrade propylene glycol. Here, we present the whole-genome sequence of this strain; it possesses one 3.58-Mb chromosome and six plasmids. TT13 genome analysis indicated that this bacterium has denitrification potential.
PubMed: 29348361
DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.01514-17