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JAMA Psychiatry Oct 2018Depression is associated with poor sleep quality. Understanding the neural connectivity that underlies both conditions and mediates the association between them is...
IMPORTANCE
Depression is associated with poor sleep quality. Understanding the neural connectivity that underlies both conditions and mediates the association between them is likely to lead to better-directed treatments for depression and associated sleep problems.
OBJECTIVE
To identify the brain areas that mediate the association of depressive symptoms with poor sleep quality and advance understanding of the differences in brain connectivity in depression.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This study collected data from participants in the Human Connectome Project using the Adult Self-report of Depressive Problems portion of the Achenbach Adult Self-Report for Ages 18-59, a survey of self-reported sleep quality, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Cross-validation of the sleep findings was conducted in 8718 participants from the UK Biobank.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Correlations between functional connectivity, scores on the Adult Self-Report of Depressive Problems, and sleep quality.
RESULTS
A total of 1017 participants from the Human Connectome Project (of whom 546 [53.7%] were female; age range, 22 to 35 years) drawn from a general population in the United States were included. The Depressive Problems score was positively correlated with poor sleep quality (r = 0.371; P < .001). A total of 162 functional connectivity links involving areas associated with sleep, such as the precuneus, anterior cingulate cortex, and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, were identified. Of these links, 39 were also associated with the Depressive Problems scores. The brain areas with increased functional connectivity associated with both sleep and Depressive Problems scores included the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, insula, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, amygdala, temporal cortex, and precuneus. A mediation analysis showed that these functional connectivities underlie the association of the Depressive Problems score with poor sleep quality (β = 0.0139; P < .001).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The implication of these findings is that the increased functional connectivity between these brain regions provides a neural basis for the association between depression and poor sleep quality. An important finding was that the Depressive Problems scores in this general population were correlated with functional connectivities between areas, including the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, precuneus, angular gyrus, and temporal cortex. The findings have implications for the treatment of depression and poor sleep quality.
Topics: Adult; Amygdala; Connectome; Depression; Female; Gyrus Cinguli; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Parahippocampal Gyrus; Parietal Lobe; Prefrontal Cortex; Sleep Wake Disorders; Young Adult
PubMed: 30046833
DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941 -
Annual Review of Vision Science Sep 2019Humans are remarkably adept at perceiving and understanding complex real-world scenes. Uncovering the neural basis of this ability is an important goal of vision... (Review)
Review
Humans are remarkably adept at perceiving and understanding complex real-world scenes. Uncovering the neural basis of this ability is an important goal of vision science. Neuroimaging studies have identified three cortical regions that respond selectively to scenes: parahippocampal place area, retrosplenial complex/medial place area, and occipital place area. Here, we review what is known about the visual and functional properties of these brain areas. Scene-selective regions exhibit retinotopic properties and sensitivity to low-level visual features that are characteristic of scenes. They also mediate higher-level representations of layout, objects, and surface properties that allow individual scenes to be recognized and their spatial structure ascertained. Challenges for the future include developing computational models of information processing in scene regions, investigating how these regions support scene perception under ecologically realistic conditions, and understanding how they operate in the context of larger brain networks.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Mapping; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Occipital Lobe; Parahippocampal Gyrus; Spatial Navigation; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception
PubMed: 31226012
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014809 -
Human Brain Mapping Feb 2024The hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus have been implicated as part of a tinnitus network by a number of studies. These structures are usually considered in the... (Review)
Review
The hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus have been implicated as part of a tinnitus network by a number of studies. These structures are usually considered in the context of a "limbic system," a concept typically invoked to explain the emotional response to tinnitus. Despite this common framing, it is not apparent from current literature that this is necessarily the main functional role of these structures in persistent tinnitus. Here, we highlight a different role that encompasses their most commonly implicated functional position within the brain-that is, as a memory system. We consider tinnitus as an auditory object that is held in memory, which may be made persistent by associated activity from the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. Evidence from animal and human studies implicating these structures in tinnitus is reviewed and used as an anchor for this hypothesis. We highlight the potential for the hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus to facilitate maintenance of the memory of the tinnitus percept via communication with auditory cortex, rather than (or in addition to) mediating emotional responses to this percept.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Tinnitus; Hippocampus; Parahippocampal Gyrus; Limbic System; Auditory Cortex
PubMed: 38376166
DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26627 -
Neuroscience Bulletin Aug 2020
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Biomarkers; Humans; Memory Disorders; Neuropsychological Tests; Parahippocampal Gyrus; Prefrontal Cortex
PubMed: 32743769
DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00560-0 -
Scientific Data Sep 2023Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide, with a projection of 151 million cases by 2050. Previous genetic studies have identified three...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide, with a projection of 151 million cases by 2050. Previous genetic studies have identified three main genes associated with early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease, however this subtype accounts for less than 5% of total cases. Next-generation sequencing has been well established and holds great promise to assist in the development of novel therapeutics as well as biomarkers to prevent or slow the progression of this devastating disease. Here we present a public resource of functional genomic data from the parahippocampal gyrus of 201 postmortem control, mild cognitively impaired (MCI) and AD individuals from the Mount Sinai brain bank, of which whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were previously published. The genomic data include bulk proteomics and DNA methylation, as well as cell-type-specific RNA-seq and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) data. We have performed extensive preprocessing and quality control, allowing the research community to access and utilize this public resource available on the Synapse platform at https://doi.org/10.7303/syn51180043.2 .
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Biological Assay; Multiomics; Parahippocampal Gyrus
PubMed: 37684260
DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02507-2 -
Nature Jan 2024The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) hosts many of the brain's circuit elements for spatial navigation and episodic memory, operations that require neural activity to be...
The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) hosts many of the brain's circuit elements for spatial navigation and episodic memory, operations that require neural activity to be organized across long durations of experience. Whereas location is known to be encoded by spatially tuned cell types in this brain region, little is known about how the activity of entorhinal cells is tied together over time at behaviourally relevant time scales, in the second-to-minute regime. Here we show that MEC neuronal activity has the capacity to be organized into ultraslow oscillations, with periods ranging from tens of seconds to minutes. During these oscillations, the activity is further organized into periodic sequences. Oscillatory sequences manifested while mice ran at free pace on a rotating wheel in darkness, with no change in location or running direction and no scheduled rewards. The sequences involved nearly the entire cell population, and transcended epochs of immobility. Similar sequences were not observed in neighbouring parasubiculum or in visual cortex. Ultraslow oscillatory sequences in MEC may have the potential to couple neurons and circuits across extended time scales and serve as a template for new sequence formation during navigation and episodic memory formation.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Entorhinal Cortex; Neurons; Parahippocampal Gyrus; Running; Time Factors; Darkness; Visual Cortex; Periodicity; Neural Pathways; Spatial Navigation; Memory, Episodic
PubMed: 38123682
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06864-1 -
Journal of Behavioral Addictions Mar 2022Problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) is prevalent and increases the risk for a variety of health problems. However, few studies have explored the neural mechanisms that...
Functional connectivity between the parahippocampal gyrus and the middle temporal gyrus moderates the relationship between problematic mobile phone use and depressive symptoms: Evidence from a longitudinal study.
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) is prevalent and increases the risk for a variety of health problems. However, few studies have explored the neural mechanisms that might render adolescents more or less vulnerable. Here, we aimed to identify whether PMPU is associated with depressive symptoms and whether this relationship is moderated by intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) which is associated with PMPU.
METHODS
In this longitudinal study, we included 238 students (mean age = 19.05, SD = 0.81) that came from a university in Hefei, China. They all finished MRI scans at baseline and completed questionnaires both at baseline and 1 year later. A self-rating questionnaire for adolescent problematic mobile phone use and depression anxiety stress scale-21 were used to assess PMPU and depressive symptoms. We first assessed the relationship between PMPU and depressive symptoms using an autoregressive cross-lagged model. Then, we detected the brain regions that were associated with PMPU. Moreover, the neuroimaging results were extracted to explore whether the iFC of these brain regions moderated the relationship between PMPU and depression.
RESULTS
Consistent with our hypotheses, PMPU was positively associated with depressive symptoms, and the relationship between PMPU and depressive symptoms was moderated by iFC of the left parahippocampal gyrus-right middle temporal gyrus both at baseline and after 1 year (β = 0.554, P = 0.003; β = 0.463, P = 0.016, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
These results advance the understanding of PMPU and suggest that iFC of the left parahippocampal gyrus-right middle temporal gyrus may be a neurobiological contributor to its relationship with depressive symptoms.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cell Phone Use; Depression; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Parahippocampal Gyrus; Temporal Lobe; Young Adult
PubMed: 35049522
DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00090 -
Military Medicine Sep 2020The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of low testosterone level on whole-brain resting state (RS) connectivity in male veterans with symptoms such as sleep...
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of low testosterone level on whole-brain resting state (RS) connectivity in male veterans with symptoms such as sleep disturbance, fatiguability, pain, anxiety, irritability, or aggressiveness persisting after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Follow-up analyses were performed to determine if sleep scores affected the results.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In our cross-sectional design study, RS magnetic resonance imaging scans on 28 veterans were performed, and testosterone, sleep quality, mood, and post-traumatic stress symptoms were measured. For each participant, we computed the average correlation of each voxel's time-series with the rest of the voxels in the brain, then used AFNI's 3dttest++ on the group data to determine whether the effects of testosterone level on whole-brain connectivity were significant. We then performed follow-up region of interest-based RS analyses of testosterone, with and without sleep quality as a covariate. The study protocol was approved by the National Institute of Health's Combined Neuroscience Institutional Review Board.
RESULTS
Sixteen participants reported repeated blast exposure in theater, leading to symptoms; the rest reported exposure to a single blast or a nonblast TBI. Thirty-three percent had testosterone levels <300 ng/dL. Testosterone level was lower in participants who screened positive for post-traumatic stress disorder compared to those who screened negative, but it did not reach statistical significance. Whole-brain connectivity and testosterone level were positively correlated in the left parahippocampal gyrus (LPhG), especially in its connectivity with frontal areas, the lingual gyrus, cingulate, insula, caudate, and right parahippocampal gyrus. Further analysis revealed that the effect of testosterone on LPhG connectivity is only partially mediated by sleep quality. Sleep quality by itself had an effect on connectivity of the thalamus, cerebellum, precuneus, and posterior cingulate.
CONCLUSION
Lower testosterone levels were correlated with lower connectivity of the LPhG. Weaknesses of this study include a retrospective design based on self-report of mTBI and the lack of a control group without TBI. Without a control group or pre-injury testosterone measures, we were not able to attribute the rate of low testosterone in our participants to TBI per se. Also testosterone levels were checked only once. The high rate of low testosterone level that we found suggests there may be an association between low testosterone level and greater post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms following deployment, but the causality of the relationships between TBI and deployment stress, testosterone level, behavioral symptomatology, and LPhG connectivity remains to be determined. Our study on men with persistent symptoms postdeployment and post-mTBI may help us understand the role of low testosterone and sleep quality in persistent symptoms and may be important in developing therapeutic interventions. Our results highlight the role of the LPhG, as we found that whole-brain connectivity in that region was positively associated with testosterone level, with only a limited portion of that effect attributable to sleep quality.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Brain Concussion; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Parahippocampal Gyrus; Retrospective Studies; Testosterone
PubMed: 32776114
DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usaa142 -
PloS One 2018A large body of literature links risk of cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) or pre-diabetes. Accumulating...
Parahippocampal gyrus expression of endothelial and insulin receptor signaling pathway genes is modulated by Alzheimer's disease and normalized by treatment with anti-diabetic agents.
A large body of literature links risk of cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) or pre-diabetes. Accumulating evidence implicates a close relationship between the brain insulin receptor signaling pathway (IRSP) and the accumulation of amyloid beta and hyperphosphorylated and conformationally abnormal tau. We showed previously that the neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD were reduced in patients with diabetes who were treated with insulin and oral antidiabetic medications. To understand better the neurobiological substrates of T2D and T2D medications in AD, we examined IRSP and endothelial cell markers in the parahippocampal gyrus of controls (N = 30), of persons with AD (N = 19), and of persons with AD and T2D, who, in turn, had been treated with anti-diabetic drugs (insulin and or oral agents; N = 34). We studied the gene expression of selected members of the IRSP and selective endothelial cell markers in bulk postmortem tissue from the parahippocampal gyrus and in endothelial cell enriched isolates from the same brain region. The results indicated that there are considerable abnormalities and reductions in gene expression (bulk tissue homogenates and endothelial cell isolates) in the parahippocampal gyri of persons with AD that map directly to genes associated with the microvasculature and the IRSP. Our results also showed that the numbers of abnormally expressed microvasculature and IRSP associated genes in diabetic AD donors who had been treated with anti-diabetic agents were reduced significantly. These findings suggest that anti-diabetic treatments may reduce or normalize compromised microvascular and IRSP functions in AD.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Cohort Studies; Endothelial Cells; Female; Gene Expression; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Microvessels; Parahippocampal Gyrus; RNA, Messenger; Receptor, Insulin
PubMed: 30383799
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206547 -
BMC Psychiatry Jul 2023Brain entropy reveals complexity and irregularity of brain, and it has been proven to reflect brain complexity alteration in disease states. Previous studies found that...
BACKGROUND
Brain entropy reveals complexity and irregularity of brain, and it has been proven to reflect brain complexity alteration in disease states. Previous studies found that bipolar disorder adolescents showed cognitive impairment. The relationship between complexity of brain neural activity and cognition of bipolar II disorder (BD-II) adolescents remains unclear.
METHODS
Nineteen BD-II patients (14.63 ±1.57 years old) and seventeen age-gender matched healthy controls (HCs) (14.18 ± 1.51 years old) were enlisted. Entropy values of all voxels of the brain in resting-state functional MRI data were calculated and differences of them between BD-II and HC groups were evaluated. After that, correlation analyses were performed between entropy values of brain regions showing significant entropy differences and clinical indices in BD-II adolescents.
RESULTS
Significant differences were found in scores of immediate visual reproduction subtest (VR-I, p = 0.003) and Stroop color-word test (SCWT-1, p = 0.015; SCWT-2, p = 0.004; SCWT-3, p = 0.003) between the two groups. Compared with HCs, BD-II adolescents showed significant increased brain entropy in right parahippocampal gyrus and right inferior occipital gyrus. Besides, significant negative correlations between brain entropy values of right parahippocampal gyrus, right inferior occipital gyrus and immediate visual reproduction subtest scores were observed in BD-II adolescents.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of the present study suggested that the disrupted function of corticolimbic system is related with cognitive abnormality of BD-II adolescents. And from the perspective temporal dynamics of brain system, the current study, brain entropy may provide available evidences for understanding the underlying neural mechanism in BD-II adolescents.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Child; Bipolar Disorder; Entropy; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Brain; Parahippocampal Gyrus; Occipital Lobe
PubMed: 37464363
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05012-3