-
Blood Dec 2016
Review
Topics: Donor Selection; Female; HTLV-II Infections; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1; Human T-lymphotropic virus 2; Humans; Male; Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic
PubMed: 28034870
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-739433 -
Journal of Neurochemistry Feb 2008Pedigrees with familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) show considerable phenotypic variability. Spastic paraparesis (SP), or progressive spasticity of the lower limbs is... (Review)
Review
Pedigrees with familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) show considerable phenotypic variability. Spastic paraparesis (SP), or progressive spasticity of the lower limbs is frequently hereditary and exists either as uncomplicated (paraparesis alone) or complicated (paraparesis and other neurological features) disease subtypes. In some AD families, with presenilin-1 (PSEN1) mutations, affected individuals also have SP. These PSEN1 AD pedigrees frequently have a distinctive and variant neuropathology, namely large, non-cored plaques without neuritic dystrophy called cotton wool plaques (CWP). The PSEN1 AD mutations giving rise to CWP produce unusually high levels of the amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) ending at position 42 or 43, and the main component of CWP is amino-terminally truncated forms of amyloid beta peptide starting after the alternative beta-secretase cleavage site at position 11. This suggests a molecular basis for the formation of CWP and an association with both SP and AD. The SP phenotype in some PSEN1 AD pedigrees also appears to be associated with a delayed onset of dementia compared with affected individuals who present with dementia only, suggesting the existence of a protective factor in some individuals with SP. Variations in neuropathology and neurological symptoms in PSEN1 AD raise the prospect that modifier genes may underlie this phenotypic heterogeneity.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Humans; Mutation; Paraparesis, Spastic; Pedigree; Phenotype; Plaque, Amyloid; Presenilin-1
PubMed: 17995932
DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05038.x -
Neurologic Clinics May 1996There are a variety of HIV-related neurologic complications that have numerous causes. HIV-related neurologic illnesses are specific to the stage of HIV infection,... (Review)
Review
There are a variety of HIV-related neurologic complications that have numerous causes. HIV-related neurologic illnesses are specific to the stage of HIV infection, although the greatest burden of neurologic disease and the most disabling syndromes occur in the more advanced stages. As the number of HIV-infected persons continues to increase worldwide and as antiretroviral and other anti-infective therapies improve patient survival in the advanced stages of HIV infection, the burden of neurologic disease will continue to increase.
Topics: AIDS Dementia Complex; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Antiviral Agents; Child; Disease Progression; Female; Global Health; HIV Infections; Humans; Incidence; Infant, Newborn; Lymphoma, AIDS-Related; Male; Nervous System Diseases; Neuromuscular Diseases; Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sex Distribution
PubMed: 8827177
DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70262-0 -
Neurology India 2023
Topics: Humans; Angiolipoma; Paraparesis; Spine; Spinal Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 37929504
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.388084 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Oct 2012During aortic aneurysm surgery, cross-clamping can lead to inadequate blood supply to the spinal cord resulting in neurological deficit. Cerebrospinal fluid drainage... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
During aortic aneurysm surgery, cross-clamping can lead to inadequate blood supply to the spinal cord resulting in neurological deficit. Cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSFD) may increase the perfusion pressure to the spinal cord and hence reduce the risk of ischaemic spinal cord injury.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the effect of CSFD during thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) surgery on the risk of developing spinal cord injury.
SEARCH METHODS
For this update the Cochrane Peripheral Vascular Diseases Group Trials Search Co-ordinator searched the Specialised Register (last searched May 31 2012) and CENTRAL (2012, Issue 5) for publications describing randomised controlled trials of cerebrospinal fluid drainage for thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. Reference lists of relevant articles were checked.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised trials involving CSFD during thoracic and TAAA surgery.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Both authors assessed the quality of trials independently. SNK extracted data and GS verified the data.
MAIN RESULTS
Three trials with a total of 287 participants operated on for Type I or II TAAA were included.In the first trial of 98 participants, neurological deficits in the lower extremities occurred in 14 (30%) of CSFD group and 17 (33%) controls. The deficit was observed within 24 hours of the operation in 21 (68%), and from three to 22 days in 10 (32%) participants. CSFD did not have a significant benefit in preventing ischaemic injury to the spinal cord.The second trial of 33 participants used a combination of CSFD and intrathecal papaverine. It showed a statistically significant reduction in the rate of postoperative neurological deficit (P = 0.039), compared to controls. Analysis was undertaken after only one third of the estimated sample size had entered the trial.In the third trial TAAA repair was performed on 145 participants. CSFD was initiated during the operation and continued for 48 hours after surgery. Paraplegia or paraparesis occurred in 9 of 74 participants (12.2%) in the control group versus 2 of 82 participants (2.7%) receiving CSFD (P = 0.03). Overall, CSFD resulted in an 80% reduction in the relative risk of postoperative deficits. Meta-analysis showed an odds ratio (OR) of 0.48 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.25 to 0.92). For CSFD-only trials, OR was 0.57 (95% CI 0.28 to 1.17) and for intention-to-treat analysis in CSFD-only studies, the OR remained unchanged.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There are limited data supporting the role of CSFD in thoracic and thoracoabdominal aneurysm surgery for prevention of neurological injury. Further clinical and experimental studies are indicated.
Topics: Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure; Drainage; Humans; Ischemia; Papaverine; Paraparesis; Paraplegia; Postoperative Complications; Spinal Cord; Vasodilator Agents
PubMed: 23076900
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003635.pub3 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Scholar... Jun 2009HTLV-1 (human T-lymphotropic virus type 1) and BLV (bovine leukemia virus) are two related retroviruses infecting CD4+ and B lymphocytes in humans and ruminants,... (Review)
Review
HTLV-1 (human T-lymphotropic virus type 1) and BLV (bovine leukemia virus) are two related retroviruses infecting CD4+ and B lymphocytes in humans and ruminants, respectively. During infection, the host-pathogen interplay is characterized by very dynamic kinetics resulting in equilibrium between the virus, which attempts to proliferate, and the immune response, which seeks to exert tight control of the virus. A major determinant of disease induction by both viruses is the accumulation of provirus in peripheral blood. In the absence of viral proteins, virus infected cells escape recognition and destruction by the host immune response. We propose a novel therapeutic strategy based on transient activation of viral expression using epigenetic modulators; this exposes infected cells to the immune response and results in significant reductions in proviral loads. In the absence of satisfactory therapies, this viral gene-activation strategy might delay progression, or even be curative, for HTLV-1 induced myelopathy / tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP).
Topics: Animals; Gene Expression; Genetic Therapy; Humans; Leukemia Virus, Bovine; Models, Biological; Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic; Sheep
PubMed: 19482696
DOI: 10.2741/S20 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... 2022Osteochondromas are usually osseous outgrowths arising from the metaphyseal region of cortical bone. Moreover, osteochondroma can also arise from flat bones and the...
Osteochondromas are usually osseous outgrowths arising from the metaphyseal region of cortical bone. Moreover, osteochondroma can also arise from flat bones and the spine. However, their origin in the ribs is extremely rare and always near the costochondral junction. We present a 26-year-old male who presented with chief complaints of difficulty in walking for 2 weeks subsequently diagnosed with osteochondroma based on the presence of a cartilage cap on Magnetic resonance imaging.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Osteochondroma; Ribs; Paraparesis; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 36412449
DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_400_20 -
PloS One 2018Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in Paralympic sitting sports athletes represents their maximal ability to deliver energy aerobically in an upper-body mode, with values... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in Paralympic sitting sports athletes represents their maximal ability to deliver energy aerobically in an upper-body mode, with values being influenced by sex, disability-related physiological limitations, sport-specific demands, training status and how they are tested.
OBJECTIVES
To identify VO2peak values in Paralympic sitting sports, examine between-sports differences and within-sports variations in VO2peak and determine the influence of sex, age, body-mass, disability and test-mode on VO2peak.
DESIGN
Systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscusTM and EMBASE were systematically searched in October 2016 using relevant medical subject headings, keywords and a Boolean.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Studies that assessed VO2peak values in sitting sports athletes with a disability in a laboratory setting were included.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Data was extracted and pooled in the different sports disciplines, weighted by the Dersimonian and Laird random effects approach. Quality of the included studies was assessed with a modified version of the Downs and Black checklist by two independent reviewers. Meta-regression and pooled-data multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the influence of sex, age, body-mass, disability, test mode and study quality on VO2peak.
RESULTS
Of 6542 retrieved articles, 57 studies reporting VO2peak values in 14 different sitting sports were included in this review. VO2peak values from 771 athletes were used in the data analysis, of which 30% participated in wheelchair basketball, 27% in wheelchair racing, 15% in wheelchair rugby and the remaining 28% in the 11 other disciplines. Fifty-six percent of the athletes had a spinal cord injury and 87% were men. Sports-discipline-averaged VO2peak values ranged from 2.9 L∙min-1 and 45.6 mL∙kg-1∙min-1 in Nordic sit skiing to 1.4 L∙min-1 and 17.3 mL∙kg-1∙min-1 in shooting and 1.3 L∙min-1 and 18.9 mL∙kg-1∙min-1 in wheelchair rugby. Large within-sports variation was found in sports with few included studies and corresponding low sample sizes. The meta-regression and pooled-data multiple regression analyses showed that being a man, having an amputation, not being tetraplegic, testing in a wheelchair ergometer and treadmill mode, were found to be favorable for high absolute and body-mass normalized VO2peak values. Furthermore, high body mass was favourable for high absolute VO2peak values and low body mass for high body-mass normalized VO2peak values.
CONCLUSION
The highest VO2peak values were found in Nordic sit skiing, an endurance sport with continuously high physical efforts, and the lowest values in shooting, a sport with low levels of displacement, and in wheelchair rugby where mainly athletes with tetraplegia compete. However, VO2peak values need to be interpreted carefully in sports-disciplines with few included studies and large within-sports variation. Future studies should include detailed information on training status, sex, age, test mode, as well as the type and extent of disability in order to more precisely evaluate the effect of these factors on VO2peak.
Topics: Athletes; Disabled Persons; Humans; Oxygen Consumption; Paraparesis; Sports; Wheelchairs
PubMed: 29474386
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192903 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Nov 2022
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Dog Diseases; Spinocerebellar Degenerations; Paraparesis; Ataxia
PubMed: 36394980
DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.07.0309 -
The Israel Medical Association Journal... Oct 2013
Topics: Humans; Paraparesis; Posture; Rhabdomyolysis; Sleep
PubMed: 24266100
DOI: No ID Found