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Indian Journal of Dermatology,... May 2023Nail cosmetics industry is growing at an enormous rate globally due to a surge in nail care all around the world. Various nail cosmetics are available, such as nail... (Review)
Review
Nail cosmetics industry is growing at an enormous rate globally due to a surge in nail care all around the world. Various nail cosmetics are available, such as nail polish along with its variants like shellacs, finishes, artificial nails, adornments, and nail polish removers. Nail cosmetics serve aesthetic as well as therapeutic purposes, with the end result being smooth, attractive nails. Nail grooming procedures have evolved from a basic manicure to many other advanced procedures like gel nails, nail tattooing, etc. Although a majority of nail cosmetics are considered safe, they may have potential complications, including allergic and irritant reactions, infections, and mechanical effects. The majority of the procedures related to nail enhancement are not performed by dermatologists but by beauticians with inadequate or no knowledge of the nail's anatomy and functions. The hygiene at the so-called nail-salons/beauty parlours is not standardized, leading to acute complications like paronychia and nail dystrophy following matrix injury. The use of nail cosmetics has become widespread, making it essential for dermatologists to be aware of the nail care products, aesthetic procedures pertaining to nails, and related adverse effects.
PubMed: 37317711
DOI: 10.25259/IJDVL_77_2023 -
Indian Dermatology Online Journal 2018Paronychia is a painful inflammatory disorder of the nail fold. Periungual pyogenic granuloma - a benign vascular tumor of the capillaries - can develop as a... (Review)
Review
Paronychia is a painful inflammatory disorder of the nail fold. Periungual pyogenic granuloma - a benign vascular tumor of the capillaries - can develop as a complication of paronychia. We report both, paronychia and periungual pyogenic granuloma, as possible adverse events during systemic drug-therapy. The following groups of systemic drugs have been considered: taxanes, epidermal growth factor-receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, inhibitors of MEK/ERK, BRAF inhibitors, CD20 antagonists, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, and retinoids. Recommendations for prevention and treatment are given. Since paronychia is a painful inflammatory disorder that has a negative impact on daily activities, early recognition and adequate treatment improve adhesion to treatment and quality of life.
PubMed: 30258794
DOI: 10.4103/idoj.IDOJ_133_18 -
Veterinary Journal (London, England :... Apr 2024Malassezia are members of the mycobiome of dogs and cats. In the presence of an underlying disease, these yeasts can proliferate, attach to the skin or mucosa to induce... (Review)
Review
Malassezia are members of the mycobiome of dogs and cats. In the presence of an underlying disease, these yeasts can proliferate, attach to the skin or mucosa to induce a secondary Malassezia dermatitis, otitis externa or paronychia. Since allergic dermatitis is one of the most common underlying causes, diagnostic investigation for allergy is often indicated. Cats may suffer from various other underlying problems, especially where Malassezia dermatitis is generalised. Malassezia dermatitis in dogs and cats is chronic, relapsing and pruritic. Direct cytology from dermatological lesions and the ear canal, showing "peanut-shaped" budding yeasts, facilitates a rapid and reliable diagnosis. Topical treatment includes antiseptic and antifungal azole-based products. Systemic treatment with oral antifungals is indicated only in severe or refractory disease. Identification and treatment of the underlying cause is essential for an optimal response. In this evidence-based narrative review, we discuss the clinical presentation of Malassezia dermatitis in dogs and cats, underlying comorbidities, and diagnostic considerations. Treatment is discussed in light of emerging evidence of antifungal resistance and the authors' clinical experience.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Dogs; Malassezia; Dermatomycoses; Cat Diseases; Antifungal Agents; Dog Diseases; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Dermatitis
PubMed: 38431127
DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106084 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology Jan 2014Chronic paronychia is an inflammatory disorder of the nail folds of a toe or finger presenting as redness, tenderness, and swelling. It is recalcitrant dermatoses seen... (Review)
Review
Chronic paronychia is an inflammatory disorder of the nail folds of a toe or finger presenting as redness, tenderness, and swelling. It is recalcitrant dermatoses seen commonly in housewives and housemaids. It is a multifactorial inflammatory reaction of the proximal nail fold to irritants and allergens. Repeated bouts of inflammation lead to fibrosis of proximal nail fold with poor generation of cuticle, which in turn exposes the nail further to irritants and allergens. Thus, general preventive measures form cornerstone of the therapy. Though previously anti-fungals were the mainstay of therapy, topical steroid creams have been found to be more effective in the treatment of chronic paronychia. In recalcitrant cases, surgical treatment may be resorted to, which includes en bloc excision of the proximal nail fold or an eponychial marsupialization, with or without nail plate removal. Newer therapies and surgical modalities are being employed in the management of chronic paronychia. In this overview, we review recent epidemiological studies, present current thinking on the pathophysiology leading to chronic paronychia, discuss the challenges chronic paronychia presents, and recommend a commonsense approach to management.
PubMed: 24470654
DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.123482 -
American Family Physician Feb 2008Paronychia is an inflammation of the folds of tissue surrounding the nail of a toe or finger. Paronychia may be classified as either acute or chronic. The main factor... (Review)
Review
Paronychia is an inflammation of the folds of tissue surrounding the nail of a toe or finger. Paronychia may be classified as either acute or chronic. The main factor associated with the development of acute paronychia is direct or indirect trauma to the cuticle or nail fold. This enables pathogens to inoculate the nail, resulting in infection. Treatment options for acute paronychia include warm compresses; topical antibiotics, with or without corticosteroids; oral antibiotics; or surgical incision and drainage for more severe cases. Chronic paronychia is a multifactorial inflammatory reaction of the proximal nail fold to irritants and allergens. The patient should avoid exposure to contact irritants; treatment of underlying inflammation and infection is recommended, using a combination of a broad-spectrum topical antifungal agent and a corticosteroid. Application of emollient lotions may be beneficial. Topical steroid creams are more effective than systemic antifungals in the treatment of chronic paronychia. In recalcitrant chronic paronychia, en bloc excision of the proximal nail fold is an option. Alternatively, an eponychial marsupialization, with or without nail removal, may be performed.
Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Antiviral Agents; Chronic Disease; Dermatologic Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Nail Diseases; Paronychia; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 18297959
DOI: No ID Found -
American Family Physician Mar 2001Paronychia is one of the most common infections of the hand. Clinically, paronychia presents as an acute or a chronic condition. It is a localized, superficial infection... (Review)
Review
Paronychia is one of the most common infections of the hand. Clinically, paronychia presents as an acute or a chronic condition. It is a localized, superficial infection or abscess of the paronychial tissues of the hands or, less commonly, the feet. Any disruption of the seal between the proximal nail fold and the nail plate can cause acute infections of the eponychial space by providing a portal of entry for bacteria. Treatment options for acute paronychias include warm-water soaks, oral antibiotic therapy and surgical drainage. In cases of chronic paronychia, it is important that the patient avoid possible irritants. Treatment options include the use of topical antifungal agents and steroids, and surgical intervention. Patients with chronic paronychias that are unresponsive to therapy should be checked for unusual causes, such as malignancy.
Topics: Abscess; Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Candidiasis; Chronic Disease; Humans; Nails; Paronychia
PubMed: 11277548
DOI: No ID Found -
Hand (New York, N.Y.) Sep 2017Paronychia is defined as infection afflicting the eponychial nail folds of the hand or foot. Such infections are rarely reported in the perinatal age group, and not...
BACKGROUND
Paronychia is defined as infection afflicting the eponychial nail folds of the hand or foot. Such infections are rarely reported in the perinatal age group, and not previously described in a neonate younger than 2 weeks. Trauma resulting in inoculation of the nail fold is the most common predisposing factor to paronychia. Oral trauma in the pediatric population from finger sucking predisposes this population to a different set of bacterial pathogens than adults. Contamination can progress to infection and abscess formation within the nail fold with the most prevalent vector in adult infections being Staphylococcus aureus. Comparatively, mixed anaerobic and aerobic infections tend to afflict children with oral soothing habits.
METHODS
This is a case report will present the rare occurrence of a paronychia in a neonate caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
RESULTS
The management and treatment strategies for paronychia in this atypical neonatal patient consisted of incision and drainage and antibiotic therapy.
CONCLUSION
Neonates with oral self-soothing behaviors may be more at risk for developing paronychia of mixed anaerobic and aerobic infections. Initial therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics amoxicillin/clavulanate or clindamycin is suggested. Incision and drainage in the perinatal setting coupled with antibiotics is curative.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drainage; Female; Fingersucking; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Linezolid; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Paronychia; Staphylococcal Infections
PubMed: 28720045
DOI: 10.1177/1558944717692092 -
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology Apr 2016Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition is a good target for the treatment of lung, colon, pancreatic and head and neck cancers. Epidermal growth factor... (Review)
Review
Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition is a good target for the treatment of lung, colon, pancreatic and head and neck cancers. Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor was first approved for the treatment of advanced lung cancer in 2002. Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor plays an essential role in the treatment of cancer, especially for patients harbouring epidermal growth factor receptor activating mutation. Hence, skin toxicity is the most concerning issue for the epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. Skin toxicity is bothersome and sometimes affects the quality of life and treatment compliance. Thus, it is important for physicians to understand the background and how to manage epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor-associated skin toxicity. Here, the author reviewed the mechanism and upfront preventive and reactive treatments for epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor-associated skin toxicities.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Aspirin; Dermatologic Agents; ErbB Receptors; Exanthema; Humans; Paronychia; Patient Education as Topic; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Retinoids; Severity of Illness Index; Skin; Skin Diseases; Sunscreening Agents; Vitamin K
PubMed: 26826719
DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyv207 -
Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic... 2022Retronychia is an uncommon type of ingrown nail characterized by ingrowing of the proximal nail plate into the proximal nail fold (PNF), inciting cycles of inflammation....
Retronychia is an uncommon type of ingrown nail characterized by ingrowing of the proximal nail plate into the proximal nail fold (PNF), inciting cycles of inflammation. The condition can be symptomatic due to swelling and inflammation of the PNF, but most often it is noticed because of a proximal thickening of the nail plate and the failure of nail to grow distally. It usually affects the great toenails of young females, commonly due to recurrent trauma and footwear-related issues. This condition is difficult to recognize in the initial stages and often requires surgical management when the nail plate becomes significantly impacted. We present a case of retronychia in a 24-year-old lady, who was treated surgically. The report serves to highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic approach in such cases.
PubMed: 36561419
DOI: 10.4103/JCAS.JCAS_248_20 -
Skin Appendage Disorders Nov 2019Pemphigus is an autoimmune bullous disease affecting the skin and mucous membranes. Associated nail involvement is underestimated and is characterized by a variety of...
BACKGROUND
Pemphigus is an autoimmune bullous disease affecting the skin and mucous membranes. Associated nail involvement is underestimated and is characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations. Our aim was to describe the clinical aspects of nail involvement during pemphigus.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A retrospective study was conducted of patients with pemphigus over a period of 12 years. The diagnosis of pemphigus was based on clinical and immunopathological data. Clinical data were collected from patient records prior to initiation of treatment.
RESULTS
Overall,141 cases of pemphigus were collected. Of these, 60 patients had nail involvement. After eliminating fungal origin, we selected 37 patients in our study. The main clinical forms were paronychia and dystrophy. Two cases of destruction of the nail apparatus were found in patients with pemphigus vegetans. The disease was bilateral in 11 cases (29.7%). The presence of ungual involvement was correlated with severity of pemphigus, particularly severe oral disease ( = 0.002).
CONCLUSION
Nail lesions were polymorphic in our patients. These signs show accumulated inflammation of the nail after a long evolution of the disease. Nail involvement may precede, be concomitant, or follow the mucocutaneous lesions of pemphigus and be a sign of severity or relapse of the disease.
PubMed: 31799264
DOI: 10.1159/000501228