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Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and... Apr 1983Postictal values of prolactin, LH and FSH have been recorded in patients with both generalised tonic-clonic and partial seizures. Elevations of prolactin and LH were...
Postictal values of prolactin, LH and FSH have been recorded in patients with both generalised tonic-clonic and partial seizures. Elevations of prolactin and LH were seen immediately and at 20 minutes in males and females with generalised attacks. At sixty minutes values for prolactin had fallen to baseline levels, but LH remained elevated. FSH values were increased in females only, at twenty and sixty minutes. Following partial seizures prolactin was elevated, especially with complex partial seizures, at twenty minutes. These results are discussed in the light of known electrophysiological mechanisms relating to partial seizures, and clinical guidelines for the use of neurohormonal tests in the evaluation of seizures are suggested.
Topics: Consciousness; Electroencephalography; Epilepsies, Partial; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Humans; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Prolactin; Time Factors
PubMed: 6405014
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.46.4.331 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2023Genetic engineering advances have led to recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) becoming an invaluable tool for the development of effective gene therapies. The...
Genetic engineering advances have led to recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) becoming an invaluable tool for the development of effective gene therapies. The production of rAAV is susceptible to off-target heterogeneous packaging, the effects of which are still being understood. Here, rAAV vectors with four-genome lengths were produced using both adherent and suspension HEK293 cells to understand the 5'ITR termination. AAV8 vectors were produced from the human FVIII plasmid for a full-length cargo of 4,707 nucleotides with specific truncations, creating smaller genomes. Conventionally, rAAV is characterized by differentiating empty capsids from full capsids, but for this work, that description is incomplete. The small genomes in this study were characterized by charge detection-mass spectrometry (CD-MS). Using CD-MS, packaged genomes in the range conventionally attributed to partials were resolved and quantified. In addition, alkaline gels and qPCR were used to assess the identity of the packaged genomes. Together, these results showed a propensity for unit-length genomes to be encapsidated. Packaged genomes occurred as replication intermediates emanating from the 5'ITR, indicating that HEK293 cells prefer unit-length genomes as opposed to the 5'ITR termination and heterogeneous DNA packaging observed previously from Sf9 cell systems. As both manufacturing processes are used and continually assessed to produce clinical material, such an understanding will benefit rAAV design for basic research and gene therapy.
PubMed: 38173872
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1327433 -
Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow Dec 2023There is minimal literature on the morphology of partial distal biceps tendon (DBT) tears. We sought to investigate tear morphology by retrospectively reviewing 3-Tesla...
BACKGROUND
There is minimal literature on the morphology of partial distal biceps tendon (DBT) tears. We sought to investigate tear morphology by retrospectively reviewing 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (3T MRI) scans of elbows with partial DBT tears and to propose a basic classification system.
METHODS
3T MRI scans of elbows with partial DBT tears were retrospectively reviewed by two experienced observers. Basic demographic data were collected. Tear morphology was recorded including type, presence of retraction (>5 mm), and presence of discrete long-head and short-head tendons at the DBT insertion.
RESULTS
For analysis, 44 3T MRI scans of 44 elbows with partial DBT tears were included. There were 9 isolated long-head tears (20%), 13 isolated short-head tears (30%), 2 complete long-head tears with a partial short-head tear (5%), 5 complete short-head tears with a partial long-head tear (11%), and 15 peel-off tears (34%). Retraction was seen in 5 or 44 partial tears (11%), and 13 of the 44 DBTs were bifid tendons at the insertion (30%).
CONCLUSIONS
Partial DBT tears can be classified into five sub-types: long-head isolated tears, short-head isolated tears, complete long-head tears with partial short-head involvement, complete short-head tears with partial long-head involvement, and peel-off tears. Classification of tears may have implications for operative and non-operative management. Level of evidence: III.
PubMed: 37957881
DOI: 10.5397/cise.2023.00458 -
Epilepsia Dec 1998Smiling is sometimes manifested during partial seizures. Its value for localizing the epileptogenic focus is not known. We analyzed smiling as an ictal manifestation...
PURPOSE
Smiling is sometimes manifested during partial seizures. Its value for localizing the epileptogenic focus is not known. We analyzed smiling as an ictal manifestation possibly useful for seizure localization.
METHODS
We reviewed patients referred to the video-EEG monitoring unit who presented a smile as part of their critical symptoms. Ictal smile was defined as an accordant expression accompanied by other characteristic epileptic symptoms and ictal EEG activity.
RESULTS
Five of 86 patients experienced partial seizures with an ictal smile. We observed smiling during parietal (two patients) and temporal lobe (three patients) seizures. The right hemisphere appeared to be involved with greater frequency.
CONCLUSIONS
Ictal smile is an uncommon manifestation of partial seizures involving temporal or parietal lobes, localized mainly on the right hemisphere.
Topics: Adult; Electroencephalography; Epilepsies, Partial; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; Functional Laterality; Humans; Male; Monitoring, Physiologic; Parietal Lobe; Smiling; Videotape Recording
PubMed: 9860074
DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01337.x -
Quantitative comparison of three rat models of Achilles tendon injury: A multidisciplinary approach.Journal of Biomechanics May 2019The Achilles tendon, while the strongest and largest tendon in the body, is frequently injured. Inconclusive evidence exists regarding treatment strategies for both...
The Achilles tendon, while the strongest and largest tendon in the body, is frequently injured. Inconclusive evidence exists regarding treatment strategies for both complete tears and partial tears. Well-characterized animal models of tendon injury are important for understanding physiological processes of tendon repair and testing potential therapeutics. Utilizing three distinct models of rat Achilles tendon injury, the objective of this study was to define and compare the effects and relative impact on tendon properties and ankle function of both tear severity (complete tear versus partial tear, both with post-operative immobilization) and immobilization after partial tear (partial tear with versus without immobilization). We hypothesized that a complete tear would cause inferior post-injury properties compared to a partial tear, and that immediate loading after partial tear would improve post-injury properties compared to immobilization. All models were reproducible and had distinct effects on measured parameters. Injury severity drastically influenced tendon healing, with complete tear causing decreased ankle mobility and tendon mechanics compared to partial tears. One week of plantarflexion immobilization had a strong effect on animals receiving a partial tear. Tendons with partial tears and immobilization failed early during fatigue cycling three weeks post-injury. Partial tear without immobilization had no effect on ankle range of motion through dorsiflexion at any time point compared to the pre-surgery value, while partial tear with immobilization demonstrated diminished function at all post-injury time points. All three models of Achilles injury could be useful for tendon healing investigations, chosen based on the prospective applications of a potential therapeutic.
Topics: Achilles Tendon; Animals; Ankle; Male; Postoperative Period; Range of Motion, Articular; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Rupture; Tendon Injuries
PubMed: 30952452
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.03.029 -
Brain Pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) May 2012
Topics: Brain; Epilepsies, Partial; Humans
PubMed: 22497609
DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2012.00584.x -
Epilepsia Jul 2010Autonomic effects of seizures, including cardiorespiratory abnormalities, may be involved in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). The purpose of this study was... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
PURPOSE
Autonomic effects of seizures, including cardiorespiratory abnormalities, may be involved in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for ictal hypoxemia (oxygen saturation <90%) and ictal bradycardia (heart rate < second percentile for age) in children during recorded seizures.
METHODS
The medical records of children admitted to our Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU) between November 1, 2007 and March 13, 2009 were reviewed. Children selected for this study had at least one partial complex or generalized convulsive seizure with recorded oximetry and/or heart rate data.
RESULTS
Forty-nine children were identified and 225 seizures were analyzed. Ictal hypoxemia was observed in 48.9% of children and 26.8% of seizures. Ictal hypoxemia was significantly more likely to occur during generalized versus nongeneralized seizures (43.9% vs. 18.9%) and when tapering antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) (75% vs. 35.5%). For partial complex seizures, there was an association between ictal hypoxemia and prolonged seizure duration. There was no correlation between ictal hypoxemia and partial seizure onset localization or lateralization. Ictal bradycardia occurred in 8.2% of children and 3.7% of seizures. Ictal bradycardia was observed solely with partial complex seizures of extratemporal onset. Due to the low prevalence of ictal bradycardia, these findings were not statistically significant.
DISCUSSION
Ictal hypoxemia is common, particularly in the setting of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, prolonged partial complex seizures, and when AEDs are tapered. In contrast to previous ictal bradycardia studies, ictal bradycardia occurred exclusively in extratemporal partial complex seizures in this cohort.
Topics: Adolescent; Bradycardia; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Electroencephalography; Epilepsies, Partial; Epilepsy, Generalized; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Infant; Male; Prevalence; Seizures
PubMed: 20067502
DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02490.x -
International Journal of Nephrology and... 2021We hypothesized that post transplantation anaemia and persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism are potential determinants of diastolic function in stable kidney...
INTRODUCTION
We hypothesized that post transplantation anaemia and persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism are potential determinants of diastolic function in stable kidney transplant recipients.
METHODS
We assessed traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors and determined carotid artery intima-media thickness and plaque by ultrasound, arterial function by applanation tonometry using SphygmoCor software and diastolic function by echocardiography in 43 kidney transplant recipients with a transplant duration of ≥6 months, no acute rejection and a glomerular filtration rate of ≥15 mL/min/1.73m.
RESULTS
Mean (SD; range) transplant duration was 12.3 (8.0; 0.5-33.8) years. Post transplantation anaemia and persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism were identified in 27.9% and 30.8% of the patients, respectively; 67.5% of the participants were overweight or obese. In established confounder adjusted analysis, haemoglobin (partial =-0.394, p=0.01) and parathyroid hormone concentrations (partial =0.382, p=0.02) were associated with E/e'. In multivariable analysis, haemoglobin (partial =-0.278, p=0.01) and parathyroid levels (partial =0.324, p=0.04) were independently associated with E/e'. Waist-height ratio (partial =-0.526, p=0.001 and partial =-0.355, p=0.03), waist circumference (partial =-0.433, p=0.008 and partial =-0.393, p=0.02) and body mass index (partial =-0.332, p=0.04 and partial =-0.489, p=0.002) were associated with both e' and E/A, respectively, in established confounder adjusted analysis. The haemoglobin-E/e' (partial =-0.422, p=0.02), parathyroid hormone-E/e' (partial =0.434, p=0.03), waist-height ratio-e' (partial =-0.497, p=0.007) and body mass index-E/A (partial =-0.386, p=0.04) relationships remained consistent after additional adjustment for left ventricular mass index and cardiac preload and afterload measures.
CONCLUSION
Haemoglobin and parathyroid hormone concentrations as well as adiposity measures are independently associated with diastolic function in kidney transplant recipients. Whether adequate management of post transplantation anaemia, persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism and excess adiposity can prevent the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in kidney transplant recipients merits further investigation.
PubMed: 34239319
DOI: 10.2147/IJNRD.S314313 -
Epilepsia May 2009The syndrome of malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy was first reported in 1995, and is now included among the childhood epilepsy syndromes in development in... (Review)
Review
The syndrome of malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy was first reported in 1995, and is now included among the childhood epilepsy syndromes in development in the proposal of the revision of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification of the epilepsies and epilepsy syndromes. The main clinical features are seizure onset in the first 6 months of life, occurrence of almost continuous migrating polymorphous focal seizures, combined with multifocal ictal electroencephalography (EEG) discharges, and progressive deterioration of psychomotor development. Etiology is so far unknown. Seizures are markedly drug resistant and outcome is generally severe. Based on age at onset, migrating partial seizures in infancy (MMPEI) may be placed between early epileptic encephalopathies (early myoclonic encephalopathy [EME] and early infantile epileptic encephalopathy [EIEE]) and infantile spasms.
Topics: Brain; Disease Progression; Electroencephalography; Epilepsies, Partial; Humans; Infant; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 19469847
DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02121.x -
Brain Pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) Jul 2021
Topics: Epilepsies, Partial; Humans; Nervous System Diseases; Neuropathology
PubMed: 34196985
DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12975