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Archives of Virology Mar 2023Feline parvovirus infection, caused by feline parvovirus and canine parvovirus 2, is a highly contagious, life-threatening disease affecting cats. The available...
Feline parvovirus infection, caused by feline parvovirus and canine parvovirus 2, is a highly contagious, life-threatening disease affecting cats. The available epidemiological data on parvovirus infection in cats in Egypt is limited. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to provide data concerning the epidemiological profile of cats infected with parvovirus, including the prevalence of parvovirus infection in cats in three Egyptian provinces (Sohag, Assiut, and Cairo) and the associated risk factors. Using rapid antigen tests of fecal samples and conventional PCR, the overall prevalence of parvovirus infection in cats was found to be 35% (35/100) and 43% (43/100), respectively. Anorexia, bloody diarrhea, severe dehydration, hypothermia, and vomiting were the most common clinical findings significantly associated with parvovirus-infected cats. The geographical location (Sohag) and the season (winter) were both statistically significant risk factors for parvovirus infection. These findings indicate that parvoviruses are circulating in different regions of Egypt. Our study provides baseline epidemiological data for future preventive and control measures against parvovirus infection, as well as highlighting the need for future genomic surveillance studies involving a large study population from various parts of Egypt in order to better shape the epidemiological picture of parvovirus infection.
Topics: Humans; Dogs; Animals; Cats; Feline Panleukopenia Virus; Egypt; Feline Panleukopenia; Parvovirus; Parvovirus, Canine; Parvoviridae Infections; Cat Diseases
PubMed: 36991232
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05751-4 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Apr 2017The rodent protoparvovirus H-1PV, with its oncolytic and oncosuppressive properties, is a promising anticancer agent currently under testing in clinical trials. This...
The rodent protoparvovirus H-1PV, with its oncolytic and oncosuppressive properties, is a promising anticancer agent currently under testing in clinical trials. This explains the current demand for a scalable, good manufacturing practice-compatible virus purification process yielding high-grade pure infectious particles and overcoming the limitations of the current system based on density gradient centrifugation. We describe here a scalable process offering high purity and recovery. Taking advantage of the isoelectric point difference between full and empty particles, it eliminates most empty particles. Full particles have a significantly higher cationic charge than empty ones, with an isoelectric point of 5.8-6.2 versus 6.3 (as determined by isoelectric focusing and chromatofocusing). Thanks to this difference, infectious full particles can be separated from empty particles and most protein impurities by Convective interaction media diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) anion exchange chromatography: applying unpurified H-1PV to the column in 0.15 M NaCl leaves, the former on the column and the latter in the flow through. The full particles are then recovered by elution with 0.25 M NaCl. The whole large-scale purification process involves filtration, single-step DEAE anion exchange chromatography, buffer exchange by cross-flow filtration, and final formulation in Visipaque/Ringer solution. It results in 98% contaminating protein removal and 96% empty particle elimination. The final infectious particle concentration reaches 3.5E10 plaque forming units (PFU)/ml, with a specific activity of 6.8E11 PFU/mg protein. Overall recovery is over 40%. The newly established method is suitable for use in commercial production.
Topics: Animals; Capsid; Cations; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Filtration; H-1 parvovirus; Isoelectric Focusing; Isoelectric Point; Microscopy, Electron; Rats
PubMed: 28091791
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8071-x -
Cell Oct 2018The occurrence of a spontaneous nephropathy with intranuclear inclusions in laboratory mice has puzzled pathologists for over 4 decades, because its etiology remains...
The occurrence of a spontaneous nephropathy with intranuclear inclusions in laboratory mice has puzzled pathologists for over 4 decades, because its etiology remains elusive. The condition is more severe in immunodeficient animals, suggesting an infectious cause. Using metagenomics, we identify the causative agent as an atypical virus, termed "mouse kidney parvovirus" (MKPV), belonging to a divergent genus of Parvoviridae. MKPV was identified in animal facilities in Australia and North America, is transmitted via a fecal-oral or urinary-oral route, and is controlled by the adaptive immune system. Detailed analysis of the clinical course and histopathological features demonstrated a stepwise progression of pathology ranging from sporadic tubular inclusions to tubular degeneration and interstitial fibrosis and culminating in renal failure. In summary, we identify a widely distributed pathogen in laboratory mice and establish MKPV-induced nephropathy as a new tool for elucidating mechanisms of tubulointerstitial fibrosis that shares molecular features with chronic kidney disease in humans.
Topics: Animals; Australia; Disease Progression; Female; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nephritis, Interstitial; North America; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus
PubMed: 30220458
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.013 -
Viruses Apr 2024A massive mortality event concerning farmed Chinese tongue soles occurred in Tianjin, China, and the causative agent remains unknown. Here, a novel papillomavirus...
A massive mortality event concerning farmed Chinese tongue soles occurred in Tianjin, China, and the causative agent remains unknown. Here, a novel papillomavirus (CsPaV) and parvovirus (CsPV) were simultaneously isolated and identified from diseased fish via electron microscopy, virus isolation, genome sequencing, experimental challenges, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Electron microscopy showed large numbers of virus particles present in the tissues of diseased fish. Viruses that were isolated and propagated in flounder gill cells (FG) induced typical cytopathic effects (CPE). The cumulative mortality of fish given intraperitoneal injections reached 100% at 7 dpi. The complete genomes of CsPaV and CsPV comprised 5939 bp and 3663 bp, respectively, and the genomes shared no nucleotide sequence similarities with other viruses. Phylogenetic analysis based on the L1 and NS1 protein sequences revealed that CsPaV and CsPV were novel members of the Papillomaviridae and Parvoviridae families. The FISH results showed positive signals in the spleen tissues of infected fish, and both viruses could co-infect single cells. This study represents the first report where novel papillomavirus and parvovirus are identified in farmed marine cultured fish, and it provides a basis for further studies on the prevention and treatment of emerging viral diseases.
Topics: Animals; Fish Diseases; China; Phylogeny; Flatfishes; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus; Genome, Viral; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
PubMed: 38793587
DOI: 10.3390/v16050705 -
BMC Veterinary Research May 2019Canine parvovirus (CPV) and feline parvovirus (FPV) are causative agents of diarrhea in dogs and cats, which manifests as depression, vomiting, fever, loss of appetite,...
BACKGROUND
Canine parvovirus (CPV) and feline parvovirus (FPV) are causative agents of diarrhea in dogs and cats, which manifests as depression, vomiting, fever, loss of appetite, leucopenia, and diarrhea in young animals. CPV and FPV can single or mixed infect cats and cause disease. To diagnose sick animals effectively, an effective virus diagnostic and genome typing method with high sensitivity and specificity is required.
RESULTS
In this study, a conserved segment containing one SNP A4408C of parvovirus was used for real-time PCR amplification. Subsequently, data were auto-analyzed and plotted using Applied Biosystems® High Resolution Melt Software v3.1. Results showed that CPV and FPV can be detected simultaneously in a single PCR reaction. No cross-reactions were observed with canine adenovirus, canine coronavirus, and canine distemper virus. The assay had a detection limit of 4.2 genome copies of CPV and FPV. A total of 80 clinical samples were subjected to this assay, as well as to conventional PCR-sequence assay and virus isolation. Results showed that the percentage of agreement of the assay and other methods are high.
CONCLUSIONS
In short, we have developed a diagnostic test for the accurate detection and differentiation of CPV and FPV in fecal samples, which is also cost effective.
Topics: Feline Panleukopenia Virus; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Nucleic Acid Denaturation; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus, Canine; Transition Temperature
PubMed: 31077252
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1898-5 -
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Oct 2021Feline parvovirus (FPV), a type of parvovirus prevalent worldwide, can cause foetal death and acute enteritis in adult cats with severe leukopenia, and yet there are no...
Feline parvovirus (FPV), a type of parvovirus prevalent worldwide, can cause foetal death and acute enteritis in adult cats with severe leukopenia, and yet there are no effective drugs to prevent or treat FPV. Here, the immune effects of two FPV vaccines on horses were compared. IgG was extracted from FPV-immunized horse sera. Equine F(ab') fragments were obtained from pepsin-digested IgG and then purified by protein-G column chromatography. The results showed that the inactivated FPV oil vaccine was more effective than the inactivated FPV propolis vaccine in helping healthy horses to produce hyper-immune serum. Four methods were tested, among which the optimized octanoic acid-ammonium sulphate precipitation method was proved to be the best process for extracting IgG. The optimal condition for preparing F(ab') by pepsin digestion was 30 °C for 3.5 h, and the content, purity and recovery of F(ab') were 8.64 mg/mL, 90.36% and 93.24%, respectively. Our equine immunoglobulin F(ab') fragments effectively neutralized activity in vitro against FPV, alleviated the clinical symptoms of FPV-infected cats, reduced the viral loads in the intestine and had prophylactic effects in FPV-infected cats. These results indicate that the F(ab') fragment prepared from inactivated FPV-immunized horses may be used as a prophylactic agent for diseases caused by FPV.
Topics: Animals; Feline Panleukopenia Virus; Horses; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments
PubMed: 34086256
DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03591-z -
Scientific Reports Dec 2016Two human parvoviruses were recently discovered by metagenomics in Africa, bufavirus (BuV) in 2012 and tusavirus (TuV) in 2014. These viruses have been studied...
Two human parvoviruses were recently discovered by metagenomics in Africa, bufavirus (BuV) in 2012 and tusavirus (TuV) in 2014. These viruses have been studied exclusively by PCR in stool and detected only in patients with diarrhoea, although at low prevalence. Three genotypes of BuV have been identified. We detected, by in-house EIA, BuV1-3 IgG antibodies in 7/228 children (3.1%) and 10/180 adults (5.6%), whereas TuV IgG was found in one child (0.4%). All children and 91% of the adults were Finnish, yet interestingly 3/6 adults of Indian origin were BuV-IgG positive. By competition EIA, no cross-reactivity between the BuVs was detected, indicating that the BuV genotypes represent distinct serotypes. Furthermore, we analysed by BuV qPCR stool and nasal swab samples from 955 children with gastroenteritis, respiratory illness, or both, and found BuV DNA in three stools (0.3%) and for the first time in a nasal swab (0.1%). This is the first study documenting the presence of BuV and TuV antibodies in humans. Although the seroprevalences of both viruses were low in Finland, our results indicate that BuV infections might be widespread in Asia. The BuV-specific humoral immune responses appeared to be strong and long-lasting, pointing to systemic infection in humans.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Bacterial; Child, Preschool; Feces; Female; Finland; Gastroenteritis; Genotype; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Parvovirus; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 27966636
DOI: 10.1038/srep39267 -
Virology Journal Jul 2023Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) is a virus with worldwide spread causing canine gastroenteritis. New strains of this virus have unique characteristics and are resistant to...
Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) is a virus with worldwide spread causing canine gastroenteritis. New strains of this virus have unique characteristics and are resistant to some vaccine strains. Therefore, understanding the root causes of resistance has proven to be of increasing concern to many scientists. This study collected 126 whole genome sequences of CPV-2 subtypes with specific collection dates from the NCBI data bank. The whole genome sequences of CPV-2 collected from different countries were analyzed to detect the new substitutions and update these mutations. The result indicated 12, 7, and 10 mutations in NS1, VP1, and VP2, in that respective order. Moreover, the A5G and Q370R mutations of VP2 are the most common changes in the recent isolates of the CPV-2C subtype, and the new N93K residue of VP2 is speculated to be the cause of vaccine failure. To summarize, the observed mutations, which are increasing over time, causes several changes in viral characteristic. A comprehensive understanding of these mutations can lead us to control potential future epidemics associated with this virus more efficiently.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Parvovirus, Canine; Parvoviridae Infections; Dog Diseases; Mutation; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis
PubMed: 37400901
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02102-2 -
Journal of Virology Jul 2004
Review
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Dependovirus; Dogs; Humans; Mice; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus
PubMed: 15194745
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.13.6709-6714.2004 -
Archives of Virology Dec 2020Minute virus of canines (MVC) belongs to the family Parvoviridae, genus Bocaparvovirus, and has been mainly described during enteritis episodes in young dogs. This study...
Minute virus of canines (MVC) belongs to the family Parvoviridae, genus Bocaparvovirus, and has been mainly described during enteritis episodes in young dogs. This study reports the characterization of four divergent MVC strains detected between 2012 and 2018, three of which were from dogs illegally imported into Italy, most probably from Eastern Europe, that cluster together phylogenetically but share low genetic similarity with the fourth MVC from an autochthonous dog and other available MVC sequences. Our data indicate that the introduction of genetically distinct MVC strains occurred through the illegal movement of dogs from a geographic area where a distinct MVC lineage was most likely circulating. Enforced surveillance of MVC in the dog population of Eastern Europe and its neighboring countries may shed light on, and eventually trace back to, illegal animal movements.
Topics: Animals; DNA, Viral; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Europe, Eastern; Italy; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus, Canine; Phylogeny; Travel
PubMed: 33030572
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04800-6