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European Journal of Vascular and... Aug 2021
Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Aorta, Abdominal; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Computed Tomography Angiography; Dilatation, Pathologic; Endovascular Procedures; Hepatic Artery; Humans; Middle Aged; Stents
PubMed: 34144882
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2021.05.004 -
Revista de Neurologia Sep 2011Brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD) is a validated, noninvasive physiological measure widely used as a research tool to quantify endothelial function. FMD is... (Review)
Review
Brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD) is a validated, noninvasive physiological measure widely used as a research tool to quantify endothelial function. FMD is diminished in patients with several coronary risk factors, coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, stroke, and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. FMD represents a useful method for identify asymptomatic atherosclerotic subjects with raised risk of developing atherothrombotic complications and improves with risk-reduction therapy such as antihypertensive or antidiabetic drugs, antiplatelet agents and statins. FMD could be a great usefulness in ischemic stroke such as stroke subtypes classification, prognostic significance in acute phase, and independent predictor for new-onset vascular event after first-ever stroke, but also in other disease such as cerebral haemorrhage, migraine or syncope. In this review article, brachial artery FMD and its role in experimental and clinical practice is extensively discussed.
Topics: Blood Flow Velocity; Brachial Artery; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dilatation, Pathologic; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Regional Blood Flow; Risk Factors; Ultrasonography; Vasodilation
PubMed: 21894606
DOI: No ID Found -
International Ophthalmology Clinics 2013
Review
Topics: Animals; Collagen; Corneal Stroma; Cross-Linking Reagents; Dilatation, Pathologic; Humans; Keratoconus; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 23221887
DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0b013e3182773ab4 -
Critical Care Clinics Apr 2020
Topics: Blood Coagulation Disorders; Critical Illness; Dilatation, Pathologic; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Vasodilation
PubMed: 32172823
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2020.01.001 -
Vascular biology in sepsis: pathophysiological and therapeutic significance of vascular dysfunction.Journal of Smooth Muscle Research =... Aug 2007Sepsis is the leading cause of mortality in critically ill patients. In this pathological syndrome, septic shock and sequential multiple organ failure correlate with... (Review)
Review
Sepsis is the leading cause of mortality in critically ill patients. In this pathological syndrome, septic shock and sequential multiple organ failure correlate with poor outcome. The pathophysiology of sepsis with acute organ dysfunction involves a highly complex, integrated response that includes activation of number of cell types, inflammatory mediators, and the hemostatic system. Central to this process may be alterations in vascular functions. This review article provides a growing body of evidence for the potential impact of vascular dysfunction on sepsis pathophysiology with a major emphasis on the endothelium. Furthermore, the role of apoptotic signaling molecules in the mechanisms underlying endothelial cell injury and death during sepsis and its potential value as a target for sepsis therapy will be discussed, which may help in the assessment of ongoing therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Blood Coagulation Factors; Capillary Leak Syndrome; Dilatation, Pathologic; Endothelial Cells; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Microcirculation; Shock, Septic
PubMed: 17928746
DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.43.117 -
BMC Veterinary Research Jul 2012This retrospective study describes the clinical and laboratory findings, treatment and outcome of 461 cattle with caecal dilatation.
BACKGROUND
This retrospective study describes the clinical and laboratory findings, treatment and outcome of 461 cattle with caecal dilatation.
RESULTS
The general condition and demeanor were abnormal in 93.1% of cases, and 32.1% of the patients had colic. Ruminal motility was reduced or absent in 78.3% of cattle. In 82.6% of cases, swinging and/or percussion auscultation were positive on the right side, and 82.4% had little or no faeces in the rectum. Caecal dilatation could be diagnosed via rectal palpation in 405 (88.0%) cattle. There was caudal displacement of the dilated caecum in 291 patients, torsion around the longitudinal axis in 20 and retroflexion in 94. The most important laboratory finding was hypocalcaemia, which occurred in 85.1% of cases. Of the 461 cattle, 122 (26.5%) initially received conservative therapy (intravenous fluids, neostigmine, calcium borogluconate) and 329 (71.4%) underwent surgical treatment. Ten patients were slaughtered or euthanased after the initial physical examination. Of the 122 cattle that received conservative treatment, 42 did not respond after one to two days of therapy and required surgical treatment. The final number of cattle that were operated was 371 (80.5%). Because of a grave prognosis, 24 cases were euthanased or slaughtered intraoperatively. Another 24 cattle did not respond to one or more operations and were euthanased or slaughtered. Of the 461 patients, 403 (87.4%) responded to either conservative or surgical treatment and were cured, and 58 were euthanased or slaughtered.
CONCLUSIONS
Caecal dilatation can usually be diagnosed based on clinical findings and treated conservatively or surgically. Swinging and percussion auscultation as well as rectal examination are important diagnostic tools. Conservative treatment is not rewarding in cattle considered surgical candidates with suspected caecal torsion or retroflexion and surgery should not be delayed in these patients.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cecal Diseases; Dilatation, Pathologic; Female; Hypocalcemia; Retrospective Studies; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 22656369
DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-75 -
Journal of the American College of... Aug 2001Traditionally, the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) was described as a gradual growth of plaques within the intima of the vessel. The outer boundaries of the... (Review)
Review
Traditionally, the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) was described as a gradual growth of plaques within the intima of the vessel. The outer boundaries of the intima, the media and the external elastic membrane (EEM), were thought to be fixed in size. In this model plaque growth would always lead to luminal narrowing and the number and severity of angiographic stenoses would reflect the extent of coronary disease. However, histologic studies demonstrated that certain plaques do not reduce luminal size, presumably because of expansion of the media and EEM during atheroma development. This phenomenon of "arterial remodeling" was confirmed in necropsy specimens of human coronary arteries. More recently, the development of contemporary imaging technology, particularly intravascular ultrasound, has allowed the study of arterial remodeling in vivo. These new imaging modalities have confirmed that plaque progression and regression are not closely related to luminal size. In this review, we will analyze the role of remodeling in the progression and regression of native CAD, as well as its impact on restenosis after coronary intervention.
Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Vessels; Dilatation, Pathologic; Graft Occlusion, Vascular; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Angiography; Models, Cardiovascular; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 11499716
DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01374-2 -
European Journal of Endocrinology Oct 2020Turner syndrome (TS) is a rare disorder affecting 1/2500 female newborn. Aortic dilatation (AD) and aortic dissection represent a major concern in TS. The aims of our...
OBJECTIVE
Turner syndrome (TS) is a rare disorder affecting 1/2500 female newborn. Aortic dilatation (AD) and aortic dissection represent a major concern in TS. The aims of our study were to describe the aortic root growth, potential aortic dilatation (AD) risk factors and cardiovascular outcomes in a cohort of patients with TS.
METHODS
Among 204 adult patients included, 197 were studied using a standardized 1.5 Tesla MRI protocol. AD was defined as an aortic diameter ≥20 mm/m2 at the Valsalva sinuses and/or at the ascending aorta, when indexed to body surface area.
RESULTS
At baseline, AD was present in 81/197 (41.1%) and 32/197 (16.2%) of patients, at the levels of Valsalva and ascending aorta, respectively. The aortic Valsalva diameter was larger in patients treated for thyroiditis (P < 0.001). Potential risk factors of AD were aging (P < 0.001) and the presence of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) (P = 0.002). The hazard ratio (HR) of AD occurrence in the presence of BAV was 2.2 (95% CI: 1.33-3.71). After a median follow-up period of 5.1 years (n = 143), AD was present in 58/143 (40.6%) and 25/143 (17.5%) of patients at the levels of Valsalva and ascending aorta, respectively. The median aortic growth of the Valsalva sinuses remained stable. At the ascending aorta, it increased by 0.14 ± 0.61 mm/year. Only one aortic-related death was observed.
CONCLUSION
AD is common in adult patients with TS. However, our results are rather reassuring, as the median aortic diameters remained stable after 5.1 years and few aortic events were observed.
Topics: Adult; Aorta; Aortic Diseases; Aortic Valve; Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease; Cohort Studies; Dilatation, Pathologic; Disease Progression; Female; France; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Turner Syndrome; Young Adult
PubMed: 32822316
DOI: 10.1530/EJE-20-0284 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2021Non-atherosclerotic abnormalities of vessel calibre, aneurysm and ectasia, are challenging to quantify and are often overlooked in qualitative reporting. Utilising a...
Non-atherosclerotic abnormalities of vessel calibre, aneurysm and ectasia, are challenging to quantify and are often overlooked in qualitative reporting. Utilising a novel 3-dimensional (3D) quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) application, we have evaluated the characteristics of normal, diabetic and aneurysmal or ectatic coronary arteries. We selected 131 individuals under 50 years-of-age, who had undergone coronary angiography for suspected myocardial ischaemia between 1st January 2011 and 31st December 2015, at the Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, UK. This included 42 patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries, 36 diabetic patients with unobstructed coronaries, and 53 patients with abnormal coronary dilatation (aneurysm and ectasia). A total of 1105 coronary segments were analysed using QAngio XA 3D (Research Edition, Medis medical imaging systems, Leiden, The Netherlands). The combined volume of the major coronary arteries was significantly different between each group (1240 ± 476 mm diabetic group, 1646 ± 391 mm normal group, and 2072 ± 687 mm abnormal group). Moreover, the combined coronary artery volumes correlated with patient body surface area (r = 0.483, p < 0.01). Inter-observer variability was assessed and intraclass correlation coefficient of the total coronary artery volume demonstrated a low variability of 3D QCA (r = 0.996, p < 0.001). Dedicated 3D QCA facilitates reproducible coronary artery volume estimation and allows discrimination of normal and diseased vessels.
Topics: Adult; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Cohort Studies; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Vessels; Dilatation, Pathologic; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Male; Netherlands; Observer Variation; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Ultrasonography, Interventional
PubMed: 33441962
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80928-4 -
Hellenic Journal of Cardiology : HJC =... 2010
Review
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Coronary Aneurysm; Coronary Angiography; Dilatation, Pathologic; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Angiography; Prognosis
PubMed: 20378518
DOI: No ID Found