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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Nov 1981The comparative efficacy of 2 g of piperacillin and 4.8 X 10(6) U of penicillin G in the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis was assessed in a randomized... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
The comparative efficacy of 2 g of piperacillin and 4.8 X 10(6) U of penicillin G in the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis was assessed in a randomized prospective study. Sixty-five evaluable patients received piperacillin, and 55 received penicillin G. All patients received either therapy were cured of gonorrhea. We conclude that piperacillin is as efficacious as aqueous procaine penicillin G in the therapy of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis.
Topics: Gonorrhea; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin G Procaine; Penicillins; Piperacillin; Urethritis
PubMed: 6459764
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.20.5.693 -
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Mar 19881. IgG, IgM and IgE anti-benzylpenicilloyl (BPO) antibody activities were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sera from 100 patients who claimed...
A survey of the prevalence of penicillin-specific IgG, IgM and IgE antibodies detected by ELISA and defined by hapten inhibition, in patients with suspected penicillin allergy and in healthy volunteers.
1. IgG, IgM and IgE anti-benzylpenicilloyl (BPO) antibody activities were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sera from 100 patients who claimed to be allergic to penicillin, and from 50 healthy volunteers. Continuous frequency distributions for all three classes of anti-BPO antibody, defined as differential binding (delta OD) to BPO-human serum albumin (HSA) and HSA, were obtained for both groups. 2. For IgM and IgE classes the anti-BPO activities were slightly but statistically significantly higher in the patient group compared with the volunteer group. 3. Hapten inhibition ELISAs were performed to confirm specificity for the BPO determinant. On the basis of antibody activities (delta OD values) greater than or equal to 0.3 and 50% inhibition of binding in the presence of 100 micrograms ml-1 BPO-caproate, BPO-specific IgG antibody was identified in 4/100 of the patients' sera and in 1/50 of the volunteers' sera; BPO-specific IgM was identified in 7/100 patients' sera and 1/50 volunteers' sera; and BPO-specific IgE in 5/100 patients' sera and 1/50 volunteers' sera. 4. Not all sera with differential antibody binding to BPO-HSA/HSA were inhibited by the BPO hapten. Hence, hapten inhibition assays are essential for the unambiguous demonstration of drug specific antibodies.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Drug Hypersensitivity; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Haptens; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Immunoglobulins; Male; Middle Aged; Penicillin G; Penicillins
PubMed: 3358899
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1988.tb03317.x -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Feb 1980Serum and subcutaneous chamber fluid (CF) dynamics of penicillin G, ampicillin, and amoxicillin were studied in rabbits after single large parenteral doses comparable to...
Serum and subcutaneous chamber fluid (CF) dynamics of penicillin G, ampicillin, and amoxicillin were studied in rabbits after single large parenteral doses comparable to doses used in treating gonorrhea and endocarditis. The effects of parenteral probenecid and of injection of an antibiotic directly into a subcutaneous chamber ("intrachamber" injection) also were studied. Peak serum antibiotic concentrations exceeded peak CF concentrations and occurred sooner. Antimicrobial activity persisted longer in CF than in serum. Percent penetration [100 x (CF peak/serum peak)] of CF was least after intramuscular ampicillin and amoxicillin, was greatest after intrachamber ampicillin and intramuscular aqueous procaine penicillin G, and was related to duration of antibiotic concentration gradients from serum to CF. Intramuscular aqueous crystalline penicillin G resulted in higher serum and CF penicillin G concentrations than intramuscular aqueous procaine penicillin G, which prolonged the duration of penicillin G in serum and CF. Amoxicillin diffused into CF more readily than ampicillin. Probenecid resulted in higher early serum and CF antibiotic concentrations, but had little or no effect on duration of antibiotic activity. Intrachamber ampicillin resulted in more prolonged serum and CF ampicillin activity than intramuscular ampicillin, but much lower peak serum concentrations. The data suggest a possible means by which probenecid improves the efficacy of gonorrhea therapy with aqueous procaine penicillin G. Intrachamber administration of penicillins could be useful in treating experimental infections requiring prolonged therapy.
Topics: Amoxicillin; Animals; Body Fluids; Drug Implants; Injections; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Penicillin G; Penicillins; Probenecid; Rabbits; Skin
PubMed: 7387144
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.17.2.229 -
The Journal of Clinical Investigation Mar 1974Bacterial endocarditis was produced by intravenous injection of Streptococcus viridans into rabbits with preexisting sterile endocardial vegetations. After 6 h had...
Bacterial endocarditis was produced by intravenous injection of Streptococcus viridans into rabbits with preexisting sterile endocardial vegetations. After 6 h had elapsed, bacteria in the vegetations could not be eradicated by brief treatment with antimicrobials to which the streptococci were sensitive. However, when treatment with penicillin was continued for 4 days, the animals were cured. The 6-h infection therefore offered a model in which treatments could be conveniently compared over a short period. Synergism was demonstrated between penicillin and streptomycin in endocarditis due to a fully penicillin-sensitive streptococcus, a point which had not been previously proved in vivo. The clinical implications are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephaloridine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Penicillin G; Penicillin G Procaine; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Rabbits; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Streptomycin; Swine; Tetracycline; Vancomycin
PubMed: 4492776
DOI: 10.1172/JCI107622 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Apr 2018Non--associated disease has been increasingly observed and often presents a conundrum to the treating physician. Analysis of antibiotic susceptibility testing data for...
Non--associated disease has been increasingly observed and often presents a conundrum to the treating physician. Analysis of antibiotic susceptibility testing data for 1,970 clinical isolates received between 2011 and 2016 revealed that empirical drug treatment options are limited to vancomycin and linezolid. was the most frequently observed species during this study period, along with and Low levels of susceptibility to penicillin (14.5%), erythromycin (15.1%), and clindamycin (8.7%) were observed for non- species, while 3.0% of isolates were not susceptible to daptomycin. Similarly, 26.9% and 38.1% of isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, respectively. Our data show much lower susceptibility to penicillin than previously reported in the literature and an increasing number of isolates resistant to daptomycin, highlighting the need for continued antibiotic surveillance studies for appropriate patient management and treatment success.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Corynebacterium; Erythromycin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin G; Penicillins
PubMed: 29339389
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01776-17 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases May 2017There is no proven alternative to penicillin for treatment of maternal syphilis. We report 2 case-patients with maternal syphilis who were successfully treated without...
There is no proven alternative to penicillin for treatment of maternal syphilis. We report 2 case-patients with maternal syphilis who were successfully treated without penicillin. We used amoxicillin and probenecid for the first case-patient and amoxicillin, probenecid, and ceftriaxone for the second case-patient.
Topics: Adult; Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ceftriaxone; Drug Substitution; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Penicillin G Benzathine; Penicillins; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pregnancy Outcome; Syphilis; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 28418316
DOI: 10.3201/eid2305.161936 -
British Journal of Pharmacology and... Mar 1966
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Esterases; Female; Lymph; Male; Penicillin G; Penicillin V; Rats; Species Specificity
PubMed: 4959939
DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1966.tb01844.x -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jul 1988The penam nucleus can assume two conformations; these are designated open and closed. The synthetic (2,3)-alpha- and (2,3)-beta-methylenepenams can be regarded as...
The penam nucleus can assume two conformations; these are designated open and closed. The synthetic (2,3)-alpha- and (2,3)-beta-methylenepenams can be regarded as analogs of the open and closed conformations, respectively. It has been shown that the beta-methylenepenams are essentially inactive, suggesting that the closed conformation of penams is also inactive. In this study, we investigated a series of beta-lactams, all of which contained phenylacetamido side chains: penicillin G, the (2,3)-alpha- and (2,3)-beta-methylenepenams, and the 3-acetoxymethyl- and 3-methylcephalosporins. The alpha-methylenepenam and penicillin G were the most active compounds, while the beta-methylene isomer was only poorly active. Results with permeability mutants suggested that the alpha-methylene compound penetrated the outer membrane somewhat more readily than penicillin G did. The intrinsic potency of the alpha-methylenepenam appeared to be similar to that of penicillin G, on the basis of their affinities for penicillin-binding proteins and their abilities to inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis in ether-permeabilized Escherichia coli, while the beta-methylene analog had very poor intrinsic potency. The alpha-methylene analog was about 10-fold more efficient (Vmax/Km) than penicillin G as a substrate for the cephalosporinases from Enterobacter cloacae and Proteus vulgaris, but it was about 40-fold less efficient with penicillinase from Staphylococcus aureus. These results strongly support the hypothesis that the active conformation of penams is the open conformation and suggest that the position in space of the carboxyl group relative to the beta-lactam carbonyl is an important determinant of cephalosporinlike character, as distinct from penicillinlike character.
Topics: Bacteria; Cell Membrane Permeability; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Conformation; Penicillin G; Peptidoglycan; Protein Binding; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 3190190
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.32.7.1005 -
Immunology Sep 1964Forty-one patients with acceptable past histories of allergic reactions to benzylpenicillin (PG), eleven patients with questionable histories to PG and thirty patients...
STUDIES ON THE IMMUNOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF PENICILLIN ALLERGY. II. ANTIGENIC SPECIFICITIES OF ALLERGIC WHEAL-AND-FLARE SKIN RESPONSES IN PATIENTS WITH HISTORIES OF PENICILLIN ALLERGY.
Forty-one patients with acceptable past histories of allergic reactions to benzylpenicillin (PG), eleven patients with questionable histories to PG and thirty patients without past histories of allergic reactions to PG were skin tested with various multivalent haptenic conjugates and with simple chemicals derived from PG in order to determine the antigenic specificities of penicillin hypersensitivity of the wheal-and-flare type. The benzylpenicilloyl (BPO) group was found to be the major haptenic determinant of wheal-and-flare type PG hypersensitivity. Twenty-nine per cent of patients with acceptable histories of PG allergy and 3 per cent of patients without histories of PG allergy gave positive wheal-and-flare reactions to multivalent BPO-conjugates. Three patients who had unusual clinical forms of PG allergic reactions demonstrated patterns of wheal-and-flare reactivity indicating D-penicillamine or D-benzylpenamaldic acid disulphide haptenic specificity. No unequivocal wheal-and-flare reactivity specific for the benzylpenicillenic acid haptenic group was observed in this study. Data were obtained which indicate that BPO-specific wheal-and-flare skin reactivity demonstrates specificity for the entire large BPO haptenic group, and also for structural areas of the immunizing autologous hapten-carrier protein (i.e. carrier specificity).
Topics: Allergy and Immunology; Biomedical Research; Drug Hypersensitivity; Epitopes; Humans; Penicillin G; Penicillins; Research; Skin Tests
PubMed: 14210764
DOI: No ID Found -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Nov 1977Susceptibility to penicillin was determined for 6000 strains of pneumococci isolated during 1974--76 from patients in Alberta and the adjacent region of the Northwest...
Susceptibility to penicillin was determined for 6000 strains of pneumococci isolated during 1974--76 from patients in Alberta and the adjacent region of the Northwest Territories. Strains were considered to be relatively resistant if the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of penicillin was 0.16 microgram (0.26 U)/mL or more, which is eight or more times greater than the MIC for fully susceptible strains. Resistance was detected in 143 strains (2.4%) isolated from 122 patients and belonging to four capsular types. The MIC of the most resistant strains was 0.32 microgram (0.53 U/mL. Penicillin-resistant strains were highly resistant to oxacillin, the MIC being at least 30 times greater than that for penicillin-susceptible strains. Pneumococci resistant to penicillin may readily be detected by the narrowness or absence of a zone of inhibition around a 1-microgram oxacillin disc in susceptibility tests on blood agar. The degree of resistance reported here is relative and does not necessarily preclude successful treatment with full therapeutic doses of penicillin G, but penicillin preparations that give low blood concentrations may not be suitable for treating infections caused by these strains.
Topics: Erythromycin; Humans; Lincomycin; Oxacillin; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pneumococcal Infections; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Tetracycline
PubMed: 23894
DOI: No ID Found