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Microbiome 2015Human axillary odour is commonly attributed to the bacterial degradation of precursors in sweat secretions. To assess the role of bacterial communities in the formation...
BACKGROUND
Human axillary odour is commonly attributed to the bacterial degradation of precursors in sweat secretions. To assess the role of bacterial communities in the formation of body odours, we used a culture-independent approach to study axillary skin microbiota and correlated these data with olfactory analysis.
RESULTS
Twenty-four Caucasian male and female volunteers and four assessors showed that the underarms of non-antiperspirant (non-AP) users have significantly higher global sweat odour intensities and harboured on average about 50 times more bacteria than those of AP users. Global sweat odour and odour descriptors sulfury-cat urine and acid-spicy generally increased from the morning to the afternoon sessions. Among non-AP users, male underarm odours were judged higher in intensity with higher fatty and acid-spicy odours and higher bacterial loads. Although the content of odour precursors in underarm secretions varied widely among individuals, males had a higher acid: sulfur precursor ratio than females did. No direct correlations were found between measured precursor concentration and sweat odours. High-throughput sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA genes of underarm bacteria collected from 11 non-AP users (six females and five males) confirmed the strong dominance of the phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, with 96% of sequences assigned to the genera Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium and Propionibacterium. The proportion of several bacterial taxa showed significant variation between males and females. The genera Anaerococcus and Peptoniphilus and the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from Staphylococcus haemolyticus and the genus Corynebacterium were more represented in males than in females. The genera Corynebacterium and Propionibacterium were correlated and anti-correlated, respectively, with body odours. Within the genus Staphylococcus, different OTUs were either positively or negatively correlated with axillary odour. The relative abundance of five OTUs (three assigned to S. hominis and one each to Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum and Anaerococcus) were positively correlated with at least one underarm olfactory descriptor.
CONCLUSIONS
Positive and negative correlations between bacterial taxa found at the phylum, genus and OTU levels suggest the existence of mutualism and competition among skin bacteria. Such interactions, and the types and quantities of underarm bacteria, affect the formation of body odours. These findings open the possibility of developing new solutions for odour control.
PubMed: 25653852
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-014-0064-3 -
Acute Medicine & Surgery 2024Altered gut microbiota has been proposed as one of the causes of exacerbation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) from the...
AIM
Altered gut microbiota has been proposed as one of the causes of exacerbation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) from the perspective of the gut-lung axis. We aimed to evaluate gut microbiota in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 prior to using antibiotics.
METHODS
We retrospectively selected for enrollment COVID-19 patients who required mechanical ventilation on admission but who had not used antibiotics before admission to observe the influence of SARS-Cov-2 on gut microbiota. Fecal samples were collected serially on admission and were evaluated by 16S rRNA gene deep sequencing.
RESULTS
The phylum of Bacteroidetes decreased, and those of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria increased in COVID-19 patients compared with those in healthy controls ( < 0.001). The main commensals of , , and at the genus level were significantly decreased in the COVID-19 patients, and opportunistic bacteria including , , , , and were increased ( < 0.001). α-Diversity and β-diversity in COVID-19 patients significantly changed compared with those in the healthy controls.
CONCLUSION
The commensal gut microbiota were altered, and opportunistic bacteria increased in patients with severe COVID-19 who required mechanical ventilation on admission.
PubMed: 38213715
DOI: 10.1002/ams2.923 -
Clinical Case Reports Jan 2023This report described a rare case of subcutaneous anaerobic bacterial abscess due to and after COVID-19. The patient received incision and drainage of the abscess and...
This report described a rare case of subcutaneous anaerobic bacterial abscess due to and after COVID-19. The patient received incision and drainage of the abscess and antibiotics, thereby achieving recovery. Immunodeficiency related to COVID-19 and its treatment might contribute to secondary skin and subcutaneous bacterial infections.
PubMed: 36694652
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6844 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2018The objective of this study was to characterize the uterine microbiota of dairy cows with clinical and subclinical endometritis and to identify the potential bacterial...
The objective of this study was to characterize the uterine microbiota of dairy cows with clinical and subclinical endometritis and to identify the potential bacterial genera as well as their interactions associated with uterine disease. Uterine flush samples ( = 27) were collected from 13 healthy, 5 subclinical endometritic (SE), and 9 clinical endometritic (CE) cows at 30 days postpartum. Microbial DNA from uterine flush samples was subjected to sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The uterine microbiota of healthy, SE, and CE cows had similarly complex microbial diversity, and shared 293 of 445 operational taxonomic units. However, endometritic and healthy cows could be discriminated by the relative abundance of bacterial genera. In CE cows, the uterine microbiota was characterized by increased abundance of and unique presence of and . For SE cows, known intrauterine pathogens were almost absent and the uterine microbiota was characterized by enrichment of and . Analysis of correlations between bacterial genera showed that the uterine microbiota exhibited two co-occurrence groups (i.e., the and the COGs), indicating that the synergistic effect by co-occurred bacteria may be an important aspect of pathogenesis. Our findings support that common uterine pathogens are not associated with subclinical endometritis at 30 days postpartum and indicate the need of investigating the role of commensal bacteria such as , and in the inflammatory process of uterine endometrium.
PubMed: 30459745
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02691 -
Parasites & Vectors Oct 2022Ctenocephalides felis, the cat flea, is the most common ectoparasite of cats and dogs worldwide. As a cause of flea allergy dermatitis and a vector for two genera of...
BACKGROUND
Ctenocephalides felis, the cat flea, is the most common ectoparasite of cats and dogs worldwide. As a cause of flea allergy dermatitis and a vector for two genera of zoonotic pathogens (Bartonella and Rickettsia spp.), the effect of the C. felis microbiome on pathogen transmission and vector survival is of substantial medical importance to both human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to assay the pathogenic and commensal eubacterial microbial communities of individual C. felis from multiple geographic locations and analyze these findings by location, qPCR pathogen prevalence, and flea genetic diversity.
METHODS
16S Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) was utilized to sequence the microbiome of fleas collected from free-roaming cats, and the cox1 gene was used for flea phylogenetic analysis. NGS data were analyzed for 168 individual fleas from seven locations within the US and UK. Given inconsistency in the genera historically reported to constitute the C. felis microbiome, we utilized the decontam prevalence method followed by literature review to separate contaminants from true microbiome members.
RESULTS
NGS identified a single dominant and cosmopolitan amplicon sequence variant (ASV) from Rickettsia and Wolbachia while identifying one dominant Bartonella clarridgeiae and one dominant Bartonella henselae/Bartonella koehlerae ASV. Multiple less common ASVs from these genera were detected within restricted geographical ranges. Co-detection of two or more genera (Bartonella, Rickettsia, and/or Wolbachia) or multiple ASVs from a single genus in a single flea was common. Achromobacter, Peptoniphilus, and Rhodococcus were identified as additional candidate members of the C. felis microbiome on the basis of decontam analysis and literature review. Ctenocephalides felis phylogenetic diversity as assessed by the cox1 gene fell within currently characterized clades while identifying seven novel haplotypes. NGS sensitivity and specificity for Bartonella and Rickettsia spp. DNA detection were compared to targeted qPCR.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings confirm the widespread coinfection of fleas with multiple bacterial genera and strains, proposing three additional microbiome members. The presence of minor Bartonella, Rickettsia, and Wolbachia ASVs was found to vary by location and flea haplotype. These findings have important implications for flea-borne pathogen transmission and control.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Bartonella; Cat Diseases; Coinfection; Ctenocephalides; Flea Infestations; Phylogeny; Rickettsia
PubMed: 36316689
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05487-1 -
JAMA Dermatology Sep 2017Although the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) remains enigmatic, several factors point to potential involvement of the cutaneous microbiome. Insight into...
IMPORTANCE
Although the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) remains enigmatic, several factors point to potential involvement of the cutaneous microbiome. Insight into the cutaneous microbiome in HS using next-generation sequencing may provide novel data on the microbiological diversity of the skin.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the follicular skin microbiome in patients with HS and in healthy controls.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This case-control study obtained punch biopsy specimens from patients with HS (lesional and nonlesional) and healthy controls between October 1, 2014, and August 1, 2016. Data were analyzed from March to November 2016. Patients with HS were recruited from the Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark. Biopsy specimens were analyzed at the Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. None of the participants received any antibiotics (systemic or topical therapy) within 1 month before the study. In patients with HS, biopsy specimens were obtained from lesional skin (axilla or groin) and nonlesional skin. Only nodules containing at least 1 visible hair follicle were biopsied. Biopsy specimens from healthy controls were obtained from the axilla only.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The different microbiomes were investigated using next-generation sequencing targeting 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA.
RESULTS
The skin microbiome was characterized in 30 patients with HS (mean [SD] age, 46.9 [14.0] years; 19 [63% female]) and 24 healthy controls (mean [SD] age, 32.2 [12.0] years; 13 [54% female]). The next-generation sequencing data provided a previously unreported (to our knowledge) characterization of the skin microbiome in HS. The study demonstrated that the microbiome in HS differs significantly from that in healthy controls in lesional and nonlesional skin. Overall, the following 5 microbiome types were identified: Corynebacterium species (type I), Acinetobacter and Moraxella species (type II), Staphylococcus epidermidis (type III), Porphyromonas and Peptoniphilus species (type IV), and Propionibacterium acnes (type V). In lesional skin, microbiome types consisted predominantly of type I or type IV. Microbiome type IV was not detected in healthy controls. Several taxa, including Propionibacterium, showed a significantly higher relative abundance in healthy controls vs HS skin, indicating that Propionibacterium may be part of the pathogenesis in HS.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The study findings suggest a link between a dysbiotic cutaneous microbiome and HS.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Case-Control Studies; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Skin
PubMed: 28538949
DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.0904 -
Marine Drugs Mar 2019Alginate oligosaccharides (AlgO), agarose oligosaccharides (AO), and κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides (KCO) were obtained by specific enzymatic hydrolysis method. The...
Alginate oligosaccharides (AlgO), agarose oligosaccharides (AO), and κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides (KCO) were obtained by specific enzymatic hydrolysis method. The molecular weight distributions of the three oligosaccharides were 1.0⁻5.0 kDa, 0.4⁻1.4 kDa, and 1.0⁻7.0 kDa, respectively. The culture medium was supplemented with the three oligosaccharides and fermented by pig fecal microbiota in vitro, for 24 h. Each oligosaccharide was capable of increasing the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyric acid, and altering the microbiota composition. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis results showed that the opportunistic pathogenic bacteria , , and , were significantly decreased in AlgO supplemented medium. AO could improve the gut microbiota composition by enriching the abundance of Ruminococcaceae, , , and . Besides, KCO could increase the abundance of SCFA microbial producers and opportunistic pathogenic flora. Therefore, these results indicate that AlgO and AO can be used as gut microbial regulators and can potentially improve animal/human gastrointestinal health and prevent gut disease, whereas the physiological function of KCO needs further evaluation.
Topics: Alginates; Animals; Aquatic Organisms; Bacteria; Carrageenan; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hydrolysis; Oligosaccharides; Phaeophyceae; Prebiotics; Rhodophyta; Seaweed; Sepharose; Swine
PubMed: 30889794
DOI: 10.3390/md17030173 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Bacterial infection and imbalance of bacterial community in the genitourinary system of giant panda could affect the reproductive health. In severe cases, it can also...
Bacterial infection and imbalance of bacterial community in the genitourinary system of giant panda could affect the reproductive health. In severe cases, it can also lead to abortion. In this study, 13 of vaginal secretions in the estrue (E) group and seven of vaginal secretions in the non-estrue (NE) group were used to study the composition and diversity of vaginal bacterial communities between estrus and non-estrus by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The results showed that the vaginal microbiome in giant pandas shared the same top five abundant species between estrus and non-estrus at the phylum level. However, the vaginal microbiome changed significantly during estrus at the genus level. In top 10 genera, the abundance of , , and in the E group was significantly higher than that in the NE group (<0.05); , , , , and in the NE group was significantly higher than that in the E group (<0.05). The richness and diversity of vaginal microbiome in giant panda on estrus were significantly lower than those on non-estrus (<0.05). It is noteworthy that the abundance of , , and of vagina in giant pandas maintained low abundance in the daily. Whereas, they increased significantly during estrus period, which may play an important role in female giant pandas during estrus period. It was hypothesized that hormones may be responsible for the changes in the vaginal microbiome of giant pandas between estrus and no-estrus stages.
PubMed: 34557168
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.707548 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2020Persistent infection with the carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prerequisite for the progression of cervical lesions and cancer. A growing body of research...
Persistent infection with the carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prerequisite for the progression of cervical lesions and cancer. A growing body of research has focused on the functional role of the vaginal microbiota in the persistence of HPV infection. Understanding the microbial composition and structure in women with high-risk (hr)-HPV infection may help reveal associations between the vaginal microbiota and HPV infection, and identify potential biomarkers. Our study investigated the vaginal microbial community in women with and without hr-HPV infection, by using rRNA gene sequencing. We found that microbial perturbations occurred in the early phase of hr-HPV infection. and were decreased, while bacteria related to bacterial vaginosis (BV), such as , and were increased. Our results could offer insights into the correlations between hr-HPV and the vaginal microbiota in the early infection period, and provide indications that the predominance of some BV-associated bacteria during hr-HPV infection may increase the risk for cervical neoplasia.
Topics: Female; Humans; Microbiota; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vagina
PubMed: 33490017
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.587298 -
MBio Jul 2017Sexual transmission of HIV requires exposure to the virus and infection of activated mucosal immune cells, specifically CD4 T cells or dendritic cells. The foreskin is a... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
Sexual transmission of HIV requires exposure to the virus and infection of activated mucosal immune cells, specifically CD4 T cells or dendritic cells. The foreskin is a major site of viral entry in heterosexual transmission of HIV. Although the probability of acquiring HIV from a sexual encounter is low, the risk varies even after adjusting for known HIV risk factors. The genital microbiome may account for some of the variability in risk by interacting with the host immune system to trigger inflammatory responses that mediate the infection of mucosal immune cells. We conducted a case-control study of uncircumcised participants nested within a randomized-controlled trial of male circumcision in Rakai, Uganda. Using penile (coronal sulcus) swabs collected by study personnel at trial enrollment, we characterized the penile microbiome by sequencing and real-time PCR and cytokine levels by electrochemiluminescence assays. The absolute abundances of penile anaerobes at enrollment were associated with later risk of HIV seroconversion, with a 10-fold increase in , , , and increasing the odds of HIV acquisition by 54 to 63%, after controlling for other known HIV risk factors. Increased abundances of anaerobic bacteria were also correlated with increased cytokines, including interleukin-8, which can trigger an inflammatory response that recruits susceptible immune cells, suggesting a mechanism underlying the increased risk. These same anaerobic genera can be shared between heterosexual partners and are associated with increased HIV acquisition in women, pointing to anaerobic dysbiosis in the genital microbiome and an accompanying inflammatory response as a novel, independent, and transmissible risk factor for HIV infection. We found that uncircumcised men who became infected by HIV during a 2-year clinical trial had higher levels of penile anaerobes than uncircumcised men who remained HIV negative. We also found that having higher levels of penile anaerobes was also associated with higher production of immune factors that recruit HIV target cells to the foreskin, suggesting that anaerobes may modify HIV risk by triggering inflammation. These anaerobes are known to be shared by heterosexual partners and are associated with HIV risk in women. Therefore, penile anaerobes may be a sexually transmissible risk factor for HIV, and modifying the penile microbiome could potentially reduce HIV acquisition in both men and women.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anaerobiosis; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Case-Control Studies; Circumcision, Male; Dysbiosis; Female; Foreskin; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Heterosexuality; Humans; Interleukin-8; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Mucous Membrane; Penis; Prevotella; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Risk Factors; Sexual Partners; Uganda; Young Adult
PubMed: 28743816
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00996-17