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Gastroenterology Dec 2023Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-established traditional medicine with beneficial effects against inflammation and cancer. We aimed to explore the chemopreventive effect...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-established traditional medicine with beneficial effects against inflammation and cancer. We aimed to explore the chemopreventive effect of PZH in colorectal cancer (CRC) through modulating gut microbiota.
METHODS
CRC mouse models were established by azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium treatment or in Apc mice treated with or without PZH (270 mg/kg and 540 mg/kg). Gut barrier function was determined by means of intestinal permeability assays and transmission electron microscopy. Fecal microbiota and metabolites were analyzed by means of metagenomic sequencing and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, respectively. Germ-free mice or antibiotic-treated mice were used as models of microbiota depletion.
RESULTS
PZH inhibited colorectal tumorigenesis in azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice and in Apc mice in a dose-dependent manner. PZH treatment altered the gut microbiota profile, with an increased abundance of probiotics Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans and Eubacterium limosum, while pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas veronii, Campylobacter jejuni, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Peptoniphilus harei were depleted. In addition, PZH increased beneficial metabolites taurine and hypotaurine, bile acids, and unsaturated fatty acids, and significantly restored gut barrier function. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that PZH inhibited PI3K-Akt, interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor, and cytokine-chemokine signaling. Notably, the chemopreventive effect of PZH involved both microbiota-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Fecal microbiota transplantation from PZH-treated mice to germ-free mice partly recapitulated the chemopreventive effects of PZH. PZH components ginsenoside-F2 and ginsenoside-Re demonstrated inhibitory effects on CRC cells and primary organoids, and PZH also inhibited tumorigenesis in azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium-treated germ-free mice.
CONCLUSIONS
PZH manipulated gut microbiota and metabolites toward a more favorable profile, improved gut barrier function, and suppressed oncogenic and pro-inflammatory pathways, thereby suppressing colorectal carcinogenesis.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Signal Transduction; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dextran Sulfate; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Apoptosis; Medicine, Traditional; Colorectal Neoplasms; Carcinogenesis; Azoxymethane
PubMed: 37704113
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.08.052 -
Cureus Jul 2022Fournier's gangrene (FG) is necrotizing fasciitis that affects the penis, scrotum, or perineum. Males are more likely to get affected by this disease. The most common...
Fournier's gangrene (FG) is necrotizing fasciitis that affects the penis, scrotum, or perineum. Males are more likely to get affected by this disease. The most common predisposing risk factors are diabetes, alcoholism, hypertension, smoking, and immunosuppressive disorders. FG is a polymicrobial infection caused by both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The most common aerobic organisms are , , , , and . The most common anaerobic organisms are , , and . The disease carries high mortality and morbidity, so timely diagnosis and treatment are of utmost importance. Here, we report a case of a 61-year-old male with a medical history significant for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), who presented to our hospital with fever, watery diarrhea, and painful swelling of the scrotum and penis. The patient was started on piperacillin-tazobactam, vancomycin, and clindamycin. A computed tomography scan of the pelvis showed prostatic enlargement, edema of the penis and scrotum, and air collection within the corpus cavernosum. The patient underwent multiple surgical debridements of the glans penis. Patient wound cultures were positive for , , and . As mentioned earlier, FG is common in diabetic and immunocompromised patients, and infection is usually polymicrobial. Our patient was immunocompetent and his cultures grew atypical organisms.
PubMed: 35936142
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26616 -
Anaerobe Jun 2017Transport systems are used to collect and maintain the viability of microorganisms. Two Amies media based transport systems, BD CultureSwab™ MaxV(+) Amies Medium...
Transport systems are used to collect and maintain the viability of microorganisms. Two Amies media based transport systems, BD CultureSwab™ MaxV(+) Amies Medium without Charcoal (MaxV(+)) and Fisherfinest with Amies gel Transport Medium without charcoal (Fisherfinest) were compared to a Cary-Blair media based transport system, Starswab Anaerobic Transport System (Starswab), for their capacity to maintain the viability of 17 clinical microorganisms commonly isolated from the vagina (Lactobacillus crispatus, L. jensenii, L. iners, group B streptococci, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Atopobium vaginae, Peptoniphilus harei, Mycoplasma hominis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Dialister microaerophilus, Mobiluncus curtisii, Prevotella amnii, P. timonensis, P. bivia, and Porphyromonas uenonis). Single swabs containing mixtures of up to five different species were inoculated in triplicate and held at 4 °C and room temperature for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h (h). At each time point, swabs were eluted into a sterile salt solution, serially diluted, inoculated onto selected media, and incubated. Each colony type was quantified and identified. A change in sample stability was reported as a ≥1 log increase or decrease in microorganism density from baseline. Overall, the viability of fastidious anaerobes was maintained better at 4 °C than room temperature. At 4 °C all three transport systems maintained the viability and prevented replication of C. albicans, E. faecalis, GBS, and E. coli. Microorganisms having a ≥1 log decrease in less than 24 h at 4 °C included A. vaginae, G. vaginalis, and P. uenonis in Starswab, L. iners, A. vaginae, and P. amnii in MaxV(+), and A. vaginae, G. vaginalis, P. bivia, and P. amnii in Fisherfinest. At 48 h at 4 °C, a ≥1 log decrease in concentration density was observed for P. harei and P. amnii in Starswab, G. vaginalis, P. bivia and P. uenonis in MaxV(+), and L. iners, P. harei, P. timonensis, and P. uenonis in Fisherfinest. Overall, at 4 °C the viability and stability of vaginal microorganisms was maintained better in the Cary-Blair based transport system (Starswab) than in the two Amies based transport systems.
Topics: Colony Count, Microbial; Female; Humans; Microbial Viability; Microbiological Techniques; Refrigeration; Specimen Handling; Time Factors; Vagina
PubMed: 28242337
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.02.019 -
MicrobiologyOpen Mar 2019Three previously unidentified Gram-positive anaerobic coccoid bacteria, strains KhD-2 , KHD4 , and Kh-D5 , isolated from a vaginal swab, were characterized using the...
Description of three new Peptoniphilus species cultured in the vaginal fluid of a woman diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis: Peptoniphilus pacaensis sp. nov., Peptoniphilus raoultii sp. nov., and Peptoniphilus vaginalis sp. nov.
Three previously unidentified Gram-positive anaerobic coccoid bacteria, strains KhD-2 , KHD4 , and Kh-D5 , isolated from a vaginal swab, were characterized using the taxonogenomics concept. The phylogenic analysis, phenotypic characteristics, and genotypic data presented in this report attest that these three bacteria are distinct from previously known bacterial species with standing in nomenclature and represent three new Peptoniphilus species. Strain KhD-2 is most closely related to Peptoniphilus sp. DNF00840 and Peptoniphilus harei (99.7% and 98.2% identity, respectively); strain KHD4 to Peptoniphilus lacrimalis (96%) and strain Kh-D5 to Peptoniphilus coxii (97.2%). Strains KhD-2 , KHD4 , and Kh-D5 DNA G+C contents are, respectively, 34.23%, 31.87%, and 49.38%; their major fatty acid was C (41.6%, 32.0%, and 36.4%, respectively). We propose that strains KhD-2 (=CSUR P0125 = DSM 101742), KHD4 (=CSUR P0110 = CECT 9308), and Kh-D5 (=CSUR P2271 = DSM 101839) be the type strains of the new species for which the names Peptoniphilus vaginalis sp. nov., Peptoniphilus raoultii sp. nov., and Peptoniphilu pacaensis sp. nov., are proposed, respectively.
Topics: Adult; Anaerobiosis; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Body Fluids; Cytosol; Fatty Acids; Female; Firmicutes; Humans; Phylogeny; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 29931836
DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.661 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are a commensal part of human flora but are also opportunistic pathogens. This is possibly the first study to report a case of...
Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are a commensal part of human flora but are also opportunistic pathogens. This is possibly the first study to report a case of bacteremia in an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patient. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) failed to identify the isolate and molecular analysis confirmed it as . A comprehensive literature review revealed that is an emergent pathogen. This study serves as a reminder for practicing clinicians to include anaerobic blood cultures as part of their blood culture procedures; this is particularly important situations with a high level of suspicion of infection factors in some noninfectious diseases, as mentioned in this publication. Clinical microbiologists should be aware that the pathogenic potential of GPAC can be greatly underestimated leading to incorrect diagnosis on using only one method for pathogen identification. Upgradation and correction of the MALDI-TOF MS databases is recommended to provide reliable and rapid identification of GPAC at species level in medical diagnostic microbiology laboratories.
Topics: Aortic Aneurysm; Blood Culture; Firmicutes; Gram-Positive Cocci; Humans; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 35004343
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.755225 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jun 2007Three groups of previously unknown gram-positive, anaerobic, coccus-shaped bacteria were characterized using phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. Phenotypic and...
Three groups of previously unknown gram-positive, anaerobic, coccus-shaped bacteria were characterized using phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. Phenotypic and genotypic data demonstrate that these organisms are distinct, and each group represents a previously unknown subline within Clostridium cluster XIII. Two groups are most closely related to Peptoniphilus harei in the genus Peptoniphilus, and the other group is most closely related to Anaerococcus lactolyticus in the genus Anaerococcus. Based on the findings, three novel species, Peptoniphilus gorbachii sp. nov., Peptoniphilus olsenii sp. nov., and Anaerococcus murdochii sp. nov., are proposed. The type strains of Peptoniphilus gorbachii sp. nov., Peptoniphilus olsenii sp. nov., and Anaerococcus murdochii sp. nov. are WAL 10418(T) (= CCUG 53341(T) = ATCC BAA-1383(T)), WAL 12922(T) (= CCUG 53342(T) = ATCC BAA-1384(T)), and WAL 17230(T) (= CCUG 53340(T) = ATCC BAA-1385(T)), respectively.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Genotype; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Cocci; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Sequence Data; Phenotype; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 17428937
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00213-07 -
BMJ Case Reports Dec 2019Our case report describes a patient with a common presenting complaint yet an uncommon infection. Our patient presented with a fluctuant breast mass diagnosed as a...
Our case report describes a patient with a common presenting complaint yet an uncommon infection. Our patient presented with a fluctuant breast mass diagnosed as a breast abscess. An aspirate sample was sent for culture and sensitivities, which revealed the presence of and the anaerobe She was therefore prescribed several weeks of amoxicillin and metronidazole, and made a full recovery. There are only three case reports describing as a causative organism for breast abscess, one of which had also occurred in our department. One case also showed the additional presence of Our findings reveal a growing need for increasing clinician awareness of and the importance of aspirate sample culture and sensitivity.
Topics: Abscess; Actinomycetaceae; Adult; Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Breast Diseases; Female; Firmicutes; Humans; Metronidazole
PubMed: 31796455
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-231194 -
Cureus Jun 2023Mastitis and breast abscesses are most common in lactating women but can also be observed in non-lactating women, adolescent girls, and neonates. However, breast...
A Case of Pediatric Breast Abscess Caused by Rarely Observed Bacteria in a Three-Year-Old Boy With an Inverted Nipple: Peptoniphilus harei, Actinotignum sanguinis, and Porphyromonas somerae.
Mastitis and breast abscesses are most common in lactating women but can also be observed in non-lactating women, adolescent girls, and neonates. However, breast abscesses are extremely rare in young boys. Herein, we report the case of a three-year-old boy with a swollen and painful right nipple, later diagnosed with a breast abscess. In this case, we suspected that the patient's inverted nipple was the possible site of the infection. To our best knowledge, this is the first case report of breast abscess in a young boy after the neonatal period. Although is the most common pathogen, our patient showed three rare bacteria, namely, , , and , in the culture of the aspirated pus. Furthermore, this case study is the first report of a breast abscess caused by .
PubMed: 37519494
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41011 -
Anaerobe Jun 2022Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are often regarded as harmless commensals associated with skin and mucosal surfaces. Investigations regarding these bacterial...
OBJECTIVES
Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are often regarded as harmless commensals associated with skin and mucosal surfaces. Investigations regarding these bacterial species often concern clinical case reports. In immunocompromised individuals, in the presence of comorbidities, such as diabetes or due to breach of skin barriers, the GPAC can cause infections. Nonetheless, information on the direct impact of these bacteria on blood-derived immune cells remains sparse.
METHODS
Heat-inactivated GPAC strains (Finegoldia magna, Peptoniphilus harei, Parvimonas micra and Anaerococcus spp.) were incubated with whole blood from healthy human donors for 15 min or 4 h. Following the incubation, plasma samples were collected and analysed by ELISA for secretion of heparin-binding protein (HBP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9; MRP-8/MRP-14) and TNFα as markers for immune cell activation.
RESULTS
The direct interaction of GPAC with whole blood demonstrated a significant effect on the immune response. Incubation of the bacterial strains with blood triggered rapid secretion of sepsis markers HBP and calprotectin, as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα. Due to lack of MPO secretion at the early time point, it was hypothesised that the early HBP originated from the neutrophil secretory vesicles. Trypsin-treatment of the bacteria slightly reduced the HBP release, suggesting an involvement of bacterial surface proteins.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that GPAC species isolated from blood might pose an underestimated threat to the host. Further research concerning anaerobic cocci in direct interaction with the human host is therefore needed and justified.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Blood Proteins; Gram-Positive Cocci; Humans; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; Sepsis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 35545182
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102584 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Jul 2003Here, a rapid and reliable two-step multiplex PCR assay for identifying 14 Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) species originally classified in the genus... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Rapid identification of Gram-positive anaerobic coccal species originally classified in the genus Peptostreptococcus by multiplex PCR assays using genus- and species-specific primers.
Here, a rapid and reliable two-step multiplex PCR assay for identifying 14 Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) species originally classified in the genus Peptostreptococcus (Anaerococcus hydrogenalis, Anaerococcus lactolyticus, Anaerococcus octavius, Anaerococcus prevotii, Anaerococcus tetradius, Anaerococcus vaginalis, Finegoldia magna, Micromonas micros, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus, Peptoniphilus harei, Peptoniphilus indolicus, Peptoniphilus ivorii and Peptoniphilus lacrimalis) is reported. Fourteen type strains representing 14 GPAC species were first identified to the genus level by multiplex PCR (multiplex PCR-G). Since three of these genera (Finegoldia, Micromonas and Peptostreptococcus) contain only a single species, F. magna, M. micros and P. anaerobius, respectively, these organisms were identified to the species level directly by using the multiplex PCR-G. Then six species of the genus Anaerococcus (A. hydrogenalis, A. lactolyticus, A. octavius, A. prevotii, A. vaginalis and A. tetradius) were further identified to the species level using multiplex PCR assays (multiplex PCR-Ia and multiplex PCR-Ib). Similarly, five species of the genus Peptoniphilus (Pn. asaccharolyticus, Pn. harei, Pn. indolicus, Pn. ivorii and Pn. lacrimalis) were identified to the species level using multiplex PCR-IIa and multiplex PCR-IIb. The established two-step multiplex PCR identification scheme was applied to the identification of 190 clinical isolates of GPAC species that had been identified previously to the species level by 16S rRNA sequencing and phenotypic tests. The identification obtained from multiplex PCR assays showed 100 % agreement with 16S rDNA sequencing identification, but only 65 % (123/190) agreement with the identification obtained by phenotypic tests. The multiplex PCR scheme established in this study is a simple, rapid and reliable method for the identification of GPAC species. It will permit a more accurate assessment of the role of various GPAC species in infection and of the degree of antimicrobial resistance in each of the group members.
Topics: Base Sequence; DNA Primers; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Gram-Positive Cocci; Peptostreptococcus; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sensitivity and Specificity; Species Specificity
PubMed: 12855723
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.26227-0