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The Science of the Total Environment Oct 2021In recent years, there has been increasing interest in using of advanced oxidation processes in water and wastewater decontamination. As a new oxidants peracids, mainly... (Review)
Review
Peracids - New oxidants in advanced oxidation processes: The use of peracetic acid, peroxymonosulfate, and persulfate salts in the removal of organic micropollutants of emerging concern - A review.
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in using of advanced oxidation processes in water and wastewater decontamination. As a new oxidants peracids, mainly peracetic acid (PAA) and peracid salts, i.e. peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and persulfate (PS) are used. The degradation process of organic compounds takes place with the participation of radicals, including hydroxyl (OH) and sulfate (SO) radicals derived from the peracids activation processes. Peracids can be activated in homogeneous systems (UV radiation, d-electron metal ions, e.g. Fe, Co, Mn, base, ozonolysis, thermolysis, radiolysis), or using heterogeneous activation (metals with zero oxidation state, metal oxides, quinones, activated carbon, semiconductors). As a result of oxidation, products of a lower mass than the parent compounds, less toxic, and more susceptible to biodegradation are formed. An important task is to investigate the effect of the peracid activation method and matrix composition on the efficiency of contamination removal. The article presents the latest information about the application of peracids in the removal of organic micropollutants of emerging concern (mainly focuses on endocrine disrupted compounds). The most important information on peracetic acid, peroxymonosulfate and persulfate salts, and methods of their activation are presented. Current uses of these oxidants in organic micropollutants removal are also described. Information was collected on the factors influencing the oxidation process and the effectiveness of pollutant removal. This paper compares PAA, PMS and PS-based processes for the first time in terms of kinetics and efficiency.
Topics: Oxidants; Oxidation-Reduction; Peracetic Acid; Peroxides; Salts; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 34380254
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148195 -
Environmental Science & Technology Nov 2023Peracetic acid (PAA) and performic acid (PFA) are two major peroxyacid (POA) oxidants of growing usage. This study reports the first systematic evaluation of PAA, PFA,...
Peracetic acid (PAA) and performic acid (PFA) are two major peroxyacid (POA) oxidants of growing usage. This study reports the first systematic evaluation of PAA, PFA, and chlorine for their disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation potential in wastewater with or without high halide (i.e., bromide or iodide) concentrations. Compared with chlorine, DBP formation by PAA and PFA was minimal in regular wastewater. However, during 24 h disinfection of saline wastewater, PAA surprisingly produced more brominated and iodinated DBPs than chlorine, while PFA effectively kept all tested DBPs at bay. To understand these phenomena, a kinetic model was developed based on the literature and an additional kinetic investigation of POA decay and DBP (e.g., bromate, iodate, and iodophenol) generation in the POA/halide systems. The results show that PFA not only oxidizes halides 4-5 times faster than PAA to the corresponding HOBr or HOI but also efficiently oxidizes HOI/IO to IO, thereby mitigating iodinated DBP formation. Additionally, PFA's rapid self-decay and slow release of HO limit the HOBr level over the long-term oxidation in bromide-containing water. For saline water, this paper reveals the DBP formation potential of PAA and identifies PFA as an alternative to minimize DBPs. The new kinetic model is useful to optimize oxidant selection and elucidate involved DBP chemistry.
Topics: Peracetic Acid; Disinfection; Hydrogen Peroxide; Wastewater; Chlorine; Bromides; Oxidants; Chlorides; Halogenation; Water Purification; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Disinfectants
PubMed: 37489812
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00670 -
Environmental Science & Technology Nov 2023Metal-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) with peracetic acid (PAA) have been extensively studied to degrade micropollutants (MPs) in wastewater. Mn(II) is a...
Metal-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) with peracetic acid (PAA) have been extensively studied to degrade micropollutants (MPs) in wastewater. Mn(II) is a commonly used homogeneous metal catalyst for oxidant activation, but it performs poorly with PAA. This study identifies that the biodegradable chelating ligand picolinic acid (PICA) can significantly mediate Mn(II) activation of PAA for accelerated MP degradation. Results show that, while Mn(II) alone has minimal reactivity toward PAA, the presence of PICA accelerates PAA loss by Mn(II). The PAA-Mn(II)-PICA system removes various MPs (methylene blue, bisphenol A, naproxen, sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, and trimethoprim) rapidly at neutral pH, achieving >60% removal within 10 min in clean and wastewater matrices. Coexistent HO and acetic acid in PAA play a negligible role in rapid MP degradation. In-depth evaluation with scavengers and probe compounds (-butyl alcohol, methanol, methyl phenyl sulfoxide, and methyl phenyl sulfone) suggested that high-valent Mn species (Mn(V)) is a likely main reactive species leading to rapid MP degradation, whereas soluble Mn(III)-PICA and radicals (CHC(O)O and CHC(O)OO) are minor reactive species. This study broadens the mechanistic understanding of metal-based AOPs using PAA in combination with chelating agents and indicates the PAA-Mn(II)-PICA system as a novel AOP for wastewater treatment.
Topics: Peracetic Acid; Hydrogen Peroxide; Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 37224105
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00765 -
Journal of Occupational and... Aug 2022A method for measuring peracetic acid vapors in air using impinger sampling and field-portable colorimetric analysis is presented. The capture efficiency of aqueous...
A method for measuring peracetic acid vapors in air using impinger sampling and field-portable colorimetric analysis is presented. The capture efficiency of aqueous media in glass and plastic impingers was evaluated when used for peracetic acid vapor sampling. Measurement of peracetic acid was done using an -diethyl-p-phenylenediamine colorimetric method with a field-portable spectrometer. The linearity of the -diethyl-p-phenylenediamine method was determined for peracetic acid both in solution and captured from vapor phase using glass or plastic impingers. The Limits of Detection for the glass and plastic impingers were 0.24 mg/m and 0.28 mg/m, respectively, for a 15 L air sample. The Limits of Quantitation were 0.79 mg/m and 0.92 mg/m for the glass and plastic impingers, respectively. Both metrics were below the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Threshold Limit Value Short-Term Exposure Limit of 1.24 mg/m (0.4 ppmv) during a 15-min period. The impinger sampling method presented herein allows for an easy-to-use and rapid in-field measurement that can be used for evaluating occupational exposure to peracetic acid.
Topics: Colorimetry; Gases; Occupational Exposure; Peracetic Acid; Plastics; United States
PubMed: 35709479
DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2022.2088772 -
Peroxyacetic Acid Pretreatment: A Potentially Promising Strategy towards Lignocellulose Biorefinery.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022The stubborn and complex structure of lignocellulose hinders the valorization of each component of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the biorefinery industries.... (Review)
Review
The stubborn and complex structure of lignocellulose hinders the valorization of each component of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the biorefinery industries. Therefore, efficient pretreatment is an essential and prerequisite step for lignocellulose biorefinery. Recently, a considerable number of studies have focused on peroxyacetic acid (PAA) pretreatment in lignocellulose fractionation and some breakthroughs have been achieved in recent decades. In this article, we aim to highlight the challenges of PAA pretreatment and propose a roadmap towards lignocellulose fractionation by PAA for future research. As a novel promising pretreatment method towards lignocellulosic fractionation, PAA is a strong oxidizing agent that can selectively remove lignin and hemicellulose from lignocellulose, retaining intact cellulose for downstream upgrading. PAA in lignocellulose pretreatment can be divided into commercial PAA, chemical activation PAA, and enzymatic in-situ generation of PAA. Each PAA for lignocellulose fractionation shows its own advantages and disadvantages. To meet the theme of green chemistry, enzymatic in-situ generation of PAA has aroused a great deal of enthusiasm in lignocellulose fractionation. Furthermore, mass balance and techno-economic analyses are discussed in order to evaluate the feasibility of PAA pretreatment in lignocellulose fractionation. Ultimately, some perspectives and opportunities are proposed to address the existing limitations in PAA pretreatment towards biomass biorefinery valorization. In summary, from the views of green chemistry, enzymatic in-situ generation of PAA will become a cutting-edge topic research in the lignocellulose fractionation in future.
Topics: Biomass; Cellulose; Lignin; Oxidants; Peracetic Acid
PubMed: 36234896
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196359 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021and cause a broad spectrum of infections in humans, mainly in immunocompromised patients. Among these, patients undergoing hemodialysis are highly susceptible to...
and cause a broad spectrum of infections in humans, mainly in immunocompromised patients. Among these, patients undergoing hemodialysis are highly susceptible to infections, requiring a constant and adequate environmental disinfection program. Nevertheless, monitoring the residual disinfectants can contribute to the morbidity and mortality reduction in these patients. Here, we evaluated the susceptibility of spp. (n=19) and spp. (n=13) environmental isolates against disinfectants (acetic acid, citric acid, peracetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, and sodium metabisulphite) at different concentrations and time exposures. Also, we investigated the toxicity of the peracetic acid residual concentration in mice. isolates were identified by , and while presented clinically relevant species (, and ) and environmental ones. Against planktonic cells, only two disinfectants (acetic acid and sodium hypochlorite) showed a fungicidal effect on spp., while only one (sodium hypochlorite) was effective against spp. Both fungi formed robust biofilms with large amounts of the extracellular matrix, as evidenced by electron micrographs. Exposure of fungal biofilms to disinfectants showed sensitivity to three (acetic, citric, and peracetic acids), although the concentrations and times of exposure varied according to the fungal genus. Mice exposure to the residual dose of peracetic acid during 60 weeks showed anatomopathological, hematological, and biochemical changes. The implementation of news control measures and those that already exist can help reduce infections, the second cause of death and morbidity in these patients, besides providing safety and well-being to them, a priority of any quality health program.
Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillus; Biofilms; Disinfectants; Fusarium; Humans; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Peracetic Acid; Plankton; Renal Dialysis
PubMed: 33996634
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.663741 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Apples are naturally coated with a water-repelling hydrophobic wax layer, which may limit the antimicrobial efficacies of surface sanitizer solutions. Lauric arginate...
Apples are naturally coated with a water-repelling hydrophobic wax layer, which may limit the antimicrobial efficacies of surface sanitizer solutions. Lauric arginate (LAE) is a cationic surfactant with antimicrobial efficacy against . In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial and the wettability effects of LAE in enhancing anti- efficacy of peracetic acid (PAA) and further verified the optimized treatment combinations in a pilot spray-bar brush bed system. Apples after 48 h of inoculation were treated with PAA surface sanitation in combination with different concentrations of LAE at 22 or 46°C. The effectiveness of PAA with LAE solutions in decontaminating significantly increased with the increased concentration of PAA (60-80 ppm) or LAE (0.01-0.05%) or the treatment temperature (from 22 to 46°C). A 30-120-sec wash by 80 ppm PAA with 0.01 and 0.05% LAE at 22°C reduced on apples by 2.10-2.25 and 2.48-2.58 log CFU/apple, respectively. Including LAE in the PAA solution decreased contact angles on apple surfaces. However, the increased wettability of the sanitizer solution may not be the main contributor to the enhanced antimicrobial efficacy of the PAA solution, given that the addition of Tween 80 or Tween 85 only slightly boosted the anti- efficacy of PAA solutions though both increased the wettability of the PAA solutions. The synergistic effects of PAA and LAE were further validated in a pilot spray-bar brush bed packing system, where a 30-sec spray wash with 80 ppm PAA and 0.05% LAE at 22 and 46°C caused 1.68 and 2.08 log reduction of on fresh apples, respectively. This study provides an improved PAA process/preventive strategy for ensuring microbial food safety of fresh apples that is applicable to commercial apple packing lines.
PubMed: 34220734
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.641034 -
Journal of Animal Science and... Jun 2023Antimicrobial alternatives are urgently needed, including for poultry production systems. In this study, we tested the potential broad-range antimicrobial alternative...
Encapsulated peracetic acid as a valid broad-spectrum antimicrobial alternative, leading to beneficial microbiota compositional changes and enhanced performance in broiler chickens.
BACKGROUND
Antimicrobial alternatives are urgently needed, including for poultry production systems. In this study, we tested the potential broad-range antimicrobial alternative peracetic acid, delivered in feed via the hydrolysis of encapsulated precursors through a 28-day study using 375 Ross 308 broiler chickens. We tested two peracetic acid concentrations, 30 and 80 mg/kg on birds housed on re-used litter, and we evaluated the impact of both levels on gut microbial communities, bacterial concentration, antimicrobial resistance genes relative abundance and growth performance when compared to control birds housed on either clean or re-used litter.
RESULTS
Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio improved in peracetic acid fed birds. At d 28, birds given 30 mg/kg of peracetic acid had a decreased Firmicutes and an increased Proteobacteria abundance in the jejunum, accompanied by an increase in Bacillus, Flavonifractor and Rombustia in the caeca, and a decreased abundance of tetracycline resistance genes. Chicken given 80 mg/kg of peracetic acid had greater caecal abundance of macrolides lincosamides and streptogramins resistance genes. Growth performance on clean litter was reduced compared to re-used litter, which concurred with increased caecal abundance of Blautia, decreased caecal abundance of Escherichia/Shigella, Anaerostipes and Jeotgalicoccus, and greater gene abundance of vancomycin, tetracycline, and macrolides resistance genes.
CONCLUSIONS
Peracetic acid could be used as a safe broad-spectrum antimicrobial alternative in broilers. Encapsulated precursors were able to reduce the bacterial concentration in the jejunum whilst promoting the proliferation of probiotic genera in the caeca, especially at the low peracetic acid concentrations tested, and improve growth performance. Moreover, our findings offer further insights on potential benefits of rearing birds on re-used litter, suggesting that the latter could be associated with better performance and reduced antimicrobial resistance risk compared to clean litter rearing.
PubMed: 37291646
DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00881-w -
Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics Mar 2021Meniscus allograft transplantation (MAT) is a possible treatment for patients suffering with pain after meniscectomy. Here, peracetic acid (PAA) sterilised meniscus...
PURPOSE
Meniscus allograft transplantation (MAT) is a possible treatment for patients suffering with pain after meniscectomy. Here, peracetic acid (PAA) sterilised meniscus transplants were investigated on whether they would provide an adequate alternative to fresh-frozen transplants in their viscoelastic and mechanical properties.
METHODS
In this analysis, 31 menisci donors (26 male and 5 female) were included. The average donor age was 49.87 years, ranging from 32 to 65 years. Menisci of matched pairs of knees underwent chemical sterilisation while counterparts were left fresh-frozen. Stiffness and load to failure were determined via suture retention. Further menisci were analysed while attached to the tibial bone block using a novel test device to mimic physiological load distribution. Meniscus relaxation, stiffness and failure loads were determined. Histology and biphasic properties of the menisci were examined and results were analysed using paired t-tests.
RESULTS
A novel custom built test device allowed the application of physiological loads for suture retention testing and revealed no significant differences between PAA sterilised (14.85 ± 4.46 N/mm, 50.49 ± 17.01 N) and fresh-frozen (18.26 ± 4.46 N/mm, 59.49 ± 21.07 N) regarding stiffness and failure load, respectively. Furthermore, initial 200 N loading showed significantly higher strain in sterilised menisci (18.87 ± 1.56) compared to fresh frozen (13.81 ± 1.04). Load relaxation experiments demonstrated significantly lower relaxation for sterilised menisci (77.71 ± 1.62) compared to fresh-frozen (89.11 ± 1.00, p-value < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION
Peracetic acid sterilised human menisci performed equally to fresh-frozen counterparts in a suture retention test and in physiological failure testing providing an adequate alternative. However, meniscus relaxation, biphasic properties and strain were shown to be significantly different between the groups. A common problem of MAT is graft extrusion or shrinkage, therefore the parameters measured here should be considered and may influence meniscus extrusion after transplantation.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
n/a (experimental study).
PubMed: 33674898
DOI: 10.1186/s40634-021-00336-z -
Poultry Science Oct 2019Constant high case numbers of human campylobacteriosis over the last few years show the necessity of efficient strategies to reduce the number of diseases. The aim of...
Constant high case numbers of human campylobacteriosis over the last few years show the necessity of efficient strategies to reduce the number of diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of peracetic acid (PAA) as spray application to reduce Campylobacter spp. on chicken meat. For this, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of 25 Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli isolates were determined. All tested isolates had MICs ranging between 2 to 8 ppm PAA, while MBCs were 1- to 4-fold higher than the MIC. An additional time-kill test, using strain C. jejuni DSM 4688, revealed that after an incubation time of 2 h in medium, supplemented with 1-fold the MIC (4 ppm) of PAA, no surviving C. jejuni cells were detectable. For evaluation of a spraying treatment, C. jejuni DSM 4688 (108 cfu/mL) inoculated chicken drumsticks and native skin-on breast fillets were treated for 30 s with PAA of 1,200 ppm concentration. Samples were packaged in modified atmosphere packages and stored at 4°C until further analysis. On day 1, 6, and 12, the fillets were used for microbial (total viable count), sensory, and physicochemical (color, pH, electrical conductivity) analysis and meat samples for myoglobin redox forms and antioxidant activity were taken. A significant reduction of the total viable counts was seen on day 6 and 12 in comparison to the water control and to the untreated fillets, respectively. Campylobacter jejuni counts on the drumsticks were significantly reduced by PAA application on day 6 and 12 in comparison to the water treatment. Except on day 12, where PAA-treated fillets showed a slightly higher percentage of oxymyoglobin, no significant differences could be found in the sensory and physicochemical measurements as well as in myoglobin and antioxidant activity. Spray application of 1,200 ppm PAA to Campylobacter-contaminated chicken samples led to a significant reduction up to 1.1 log10 of Campylobacter spp. counts without influencing chemical and sensory meat quality parameters.
Topics: Animals; Campylobacter coli; Campylobacter jejuni; Chickens; Disinfectants; Disinfection; Food Microbiology; Meat; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Peracetic Acid
PubMed: 31073589
DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez266