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Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana : AOL Dec 2022The fact that there are different epidemiological definitions of periodontitis and different evaluation protocols affects the estimate of periodontitis prevalence and of...
UNLABELLED
The fact that there are different epidemiological definitions of periodontitis and different evaluation protocols affects the estimate of periodontitis prevalence and of the influence of associated factors. The gold standard for periodontal examination is full-mouth record assessing CAL and PD. However, there are not always sufficient human and financial resources available to apply such assessment for epidemiological surveillance systems.
AIM
This study was conducted to compare different protocols and definitions of periodontitis for assessing prevalence and the impact of related factors in adult patients who requested care at the School of Dentistry, UdelaR.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
This was a cross-sectional study of 410 subjects with a high burden of disease in terms of NCDs and periodontitis. Clinical examination evaluated PD in all teeth and CAL in the CPI sextants (WHO 2013). Four periodontitis criteria were defined based on two examination protocols (WHO 2013 and WHO 1997) and two definitions of epidemiological case. Comparisons were made taking the 2013 WHO protocol as a reference.
RESULTS
Comparison of the two examination protocols showed that prevalence was underestimated when the WHO 1997 protocol was used to define moderate-severe and severe periodontitis, by 20% and 60%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
When the severity of periodontitis was not considered, the WHO 2013 protocol did not provide more information on what factors increase the chance of periodontitis. However, when severity was considered, the associated factors were different. Consequently, in a small population, it would be worth using the WHO 2013 protocol, which is the closest to the full-mouth gold standard criterion.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Prevalence; Cross-Sectional Studies; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontitis
PubMed: 36748736
DOI: 10.54589/aol.35/3/178 -
Swiss Dental Journal Feb 2018
Review
Topics: Decision Trees; Dental Prophylaxis; Follow-Up Studies; Long-Term Care; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29533057
DOI: No ID Found -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2019The effectiveness of azithromycin combined with full-mouth scaling procedures was compared to quadrant-wise scaling combined with the same dosage of azithromycin when... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The effectiveness of azithromycin combined with full-mouth scaling procedures was compared to quadrant-wise scaling combined with the same dosage of azithromycin when treating periodontitis patients over a 6-month period. In this randomized clinical trial study, thirty-four individuals diagnosed with generalized stage III and IV periodontitis underwent baseline, 3-month, and 6-month post-treatment examinations. The study population was randomly assigned to either full-mouth scaling (FMS) or quadrant-wise scaling and root planning (QSRP) in addition to their taking of systemic azithromycin (500 mg/day) for three consecutive days. Periodontal probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI) were monitored along with the quantification of total bacterial load and red complex bacterial species (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola) in subgingival samples by real time polymerase chain reaction. The volume of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was also monitored over time. The primary outcomes included improvements of PD and CAL. Data was statistically analyzed through a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, multiple least significant difference (LSD) comparisons, Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman, and paired Student t-tests (p<0.05). FMS and QSRP provided similar PD, CAL, GI, PI, and GCF improvements. After treatment, the FMS group displayed lower mean values of total bacterial load and red complex bacterial species in comparison to the QSRP group. FMS and QSRP in conjunction with systemic azithromycin appeared to be an effective and reliable short-term therapeutic approach for the treatment of generalized stage III and IV periodontitis. However, FMD demonstrated superiority in regard to the 6-month antibacterial effects when compared to QSRP.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Dental Scaling; Follow-Up Studies; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontitis; Root Planing
PubMed: 31596326
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201902111 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2018In the search for the ideal treatment of periodontal disease various non-surgical techniques should be considered. The objective of this study was to evaluate the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
In the search for the ideal treatment of periodontal disease various non-surgical techniques should be considered. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of full-mouth scaling (FMS) by clinical and microbiological parameters. 670 individuals were evaluated with 230 subjects meeting the selection criteria and were divided into two groups; 115 subjects treated with FMS and 115 treated with weekly sessions of scaling and root planning (SRP). The patient population had a mean age of 51.67 years, with moderate chronic periodontitis. Subjects were evaluated prior to treatment (T1) and 90 days after execution of therapy (T2), with regards to: probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and microbial detection for the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.) and Prevotella intermedia (P.i.) by culture method and confirmed by biochemical tests. Subjects treated in the FMS group also rinsed with 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash for seven days following treatment. The results were analyzed using statistical Student's t-test and chi-square test. No statistically significant differences were observed for PD and CAL between T1 and T2 in both groups. For GI and PI significant difference was observed between the groups. For the evaluated microbial parameters was observed reduction of P.g. and P.i., but only for P.g. with a significant reduction in both groups. The full mouth scaling technique with the methodology used in this study provided improved clinical conditions and reduction of P.g. in subjects with moderate periodontitis, optimizing the time spent in the therapeutic execution.
Topics: Adult; Chlorhexidine; Chronic Periodontitis; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Dental Scaling; Disinfectants; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Mouthwashes; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia; Root Planing
PubMed: 29972457
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201801715 -
American Journal of Obstetrics and... Nov 2019Observational studies demonstrate that women with severe periodontitis have a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes like preterm birth and low birthweight. Standard... (Review)
Review
Observational studies demonstrate that women with severe periodontitis have a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes like preterm birth and low birthweight. Standard treatment for periodontitis in the form of scaling and root planing during the second trimester failed to reduce the risk of preterm or low birthweight. It is premature to dismiss the association between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes because one explanation for the failure of scaling and root planing to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes is that periodontal pathogens spread to the placental tissue prior to periodontal treatment. In the placenta, orally derived organisms could cause direct tissue damage or mediate a maternal immune response that impairs the growth of the developing fetus. Sequencing studies demonstrate the presence of organisms derived from the oral microbiome in the placenta, but DNA-based sequencing studies should not be the only technique to evaluate the placental microbiome because they may not detect important shifts in the metabolic capability of the microbiome. In humans, polymerase chain reaction and histology have detected periodontal pathogens in placental tissue in association with multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes. We conclude that both placental and oral microbiomes may play a role in periodontitis-associated adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the measure to determine the association between periodontal pathogens in the placenta and adverse pregnancy outcomes should be the amount and prevalence, not the mere presence of such microorganisms. Placental colonization with periodontal pathogens thus potentially represents the missing link between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Topics: Dental Scaling; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Infant; Infant Mortality; Microbiota; Periodontitis; Placenta; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Risk Factors; Root Planing
PubMed: 31051120
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.04.029 -
Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 2016This work presents a summary of current knowledge on the laboratory diagnosis of periodontitis. It focuses on the theoretical foundations and is supplemented with new... (Review)
Review
This work presents a summary of current knowledge on the laboratory diagnosis of periodontitis. It focuses on the theoretical foundations and is supplemented with new knowledge. It subsequently describes specifically the laboratory diagnosis methods of periodontitis: the protein expression of inflammation, oral microbiology and molecular diagnostics. Periodontitis is a serious disease worldwide and its confirmed association with systemic diseases means its severity is increasing. Its laboratory diagnosis has the potential to rise to the level of clinical and diagnostic imaging. The transfer of diagnostic methods from laboratory to clinical use is increasingly used in the prevention and monitoring of the exacerbation and treatment of periodontal disease, as well as of its impact on systemic disease.
Topics: Biomarkers; Dental Plaque Index; Diagnosis, Differential; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Periodontal Index; Periodontitis; Periodontium; Prevalence; Severity of Illness Index; Slovakia
PubMed: 27131349
DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2016.47 -
International Dental Journal Oct 2022This study explored the association of functional impairment due to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and RA disease activity with periodontal disease in patients with RA.
BACKGROUND
This study explored the association of functional impairment due to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and RA disease activity with periodontal disease in patients with RA.
METHODS
Ninety-three patients with RA were included. Their RA functional status was assessed using the Steinbrocker classification. The serum level of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) was used as an indicator of RA disease activity. Probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were used as indicators of periodontal status. We examined the association of RA severity and MMP-3 levels with periodontal status using a generalised linear model (GLM).
RESULTS
In a multivariate GLM, the coefficient for the mean PD was significantly positive in those with RA severity classes III or IV (reference: class I; β = 0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03-0.25; P = .02) independent of other confounding variables. In multivariate GLM using the mean CAL as the dependent variable, the coefficient was significant in patients with high MMP-3 levels (10 ng/mL; β = 0.005; 95% CI, 0.001-0.008; P = .02).
CONCLUSIONS
Functional impairment due to RA may affect PD, and high serum levels of MMP-3 may affect CAL.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; Periodontal Index; Periodontitis
PubMed: 35241287
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.01.002 -
BMC Oral Health Dec 2023The chronic systemic inflammatory response in periodontitis may be a potential risk factor for dementia, especially in adults. This study determined the association...
BACKGROUND
The chronic systemic inflammatory response in periodontitis may be a potential risk factor for dementia, especially in adults. This study determined the association between periodontal treatment and dementia in adults and evaluated the effect of regular scaling treatment on the risk of dementia in this population.
METHODS
This case-control study identified 18,930 patients with a dementia-related diagnosis from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Scaling and periodontal emergency treatments were evaluated after 1 year and 3 years. Using multivariable logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association between periodontal emergency treatment and dementia risk.
RESULTS
The results showed that scaling treatment rates were lower in the dementia cohort than the non-dementia cohort after 1 and 3 years. Patients who received periodontal emergency treatment within 3 years had a significantly increased risk of dementia. Furthermore, patients with periodontitis who did not receive scaling treatment within 3 years had a higher risk of dementia than patients without periodontitis (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.10-1.35).
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that periodontitis and dementia are associated, and that periodontitis is a risk factor for dementia in adults. The risk of dementia was dependent on the periodontal health status of adults, and our findings suggest that regular scaling can reduce the incidence of dementia in adults. Therefore, regular and routine scaling treatment is suggested for adults.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Case-Control Studies; Dental Scaling; Periodontitis; Dental Care; Dementia; Chronic Periodontitis
PubMed: 38057760
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03551-5 -
Journal of Clinical Periodontology Jun 2022This study aimed to examine the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), its components, and periodontitis among Indonesian adults.
AIM
This study aimed to examine the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), its components, and periodontitis among Indonesian adults.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cross-sectional data from the 2018 Indonesia National Health Survey (Riskesdas) was analysed. The sample included dentate individuals aged 35 years or older for whom complete information was available on components of MetS and periodontitis, including bleeding on probing (BOP) (N = 13,356), pocket depth (PD) (N = 13,273), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) (N = 13,000). Rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with negative binomial regression models.
RESULTS
The prevalence of MetS was 41.0%. The prevalence of individuals having at least one tooth with BOP, one tooth with PD ≥4 mm, or one sextant with CAL ≥4 mm was 74.9%, 40.7%, and 40.6%, respectively. No associations were observed between MetS and BOP, PD, or CAL, but hyperglycaemia was constantly positively associated with BOP (RR = 1.06; 95% CI 1.01-1.11), PD (RR = 1.13; 95% CI 1.03-1.23), and CAL (RR = 1.15; 95% CI 1.08-1.23).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings support the potential influence of hyperglycaemia on periodontitis. Incorporating oral disease prevention strategies into the management of systemic diseases could be beneficial for reducing the burden of these diseases in Indonesia.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Indonesia; Metabolic Syndrome; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontitis
PubMed: 35373363
DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13622 -
High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular... Sep 2021An accumulating body of evidence supports an independent association between high blood pressure (BP) and periodontitis, possibly mediated by low-grade inflammation.... (Review)
Review
An accumulating body of evidence supports an independent association between high blood pressure (BP) and periodontitis, possibly mediated by low-grade inflammation. This joint report by the Italian Society of Hypertension (SIIA) and the Italian Society of Periodontology and Implantology (SIdP) working group on Hypertension and Periodontitis (Hy-Per Group) provides a review of the evidence on this topic encompassing epidemiology, biological plausibility, relevance, magnitude, and treatment management. Consensus recommendations are provided for health professionals on how to manage BP in individuals showing signs of poor oral health. In summary, (1) large epidemiological studies highlight that individuals with periodontal diseases have increased risk for high/uncontrolled BP independent of confounders; (2) mechanistically, low-grade inflammation might have a causal role in the association; (3) BP profile and control might benefit from periodontal treatment in pre-hypertensive and hypertensive individuals; (4) oral health status should be evaluated as a potential risk factor for high/uncontrolled BP, and effective oral care should be included as an adjunct lifestyle measure during hypertension management. Further research is needed to optimize BP management in individuals with poor oral health.
Topics: Dental Implantation; Humans; Hypertension; Italy; Periodontics; Periodontitis; Societies, Dental; Societies, Medical
PubMed: 34562228
DOI: 10.1007/s40292-021-00466-6