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Journal of Clinical Periodontology Aug 2022To evaluate the inter-examiner reliability in classifying periodontitis using the 2018 classification of periodontal diseases, when used by postgraduate students,...
AIM
To evaluate the inter-examiner reliability in classifying periodontitis using the 2018 classification of periodontal diseases, when used by postgraduate students, academics, and specialist clinicians trained in European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) and American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) postgraduate-accredited programmes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An online survey including five patients with periodontitis was sent twice to seven specialists in periodontology to provide the staging and grading characteristics. After agreeing on a "gold-standard" classification, the same questionnaire was sent to 16 EFP and 73 AAP postgraduate programmes, to be answered by their faculty, graduates, and students. The responses were compared with the gold-standard classification, and the inter-examiner agreement was calculated.
RESULTS
One-hundred and seventy-four participants completed the survey. The inter-examiner agreement resulted in 68.7% in assigning the stage, 82.4% in assigning the grade, and 75.5% in assigning the extent. The academic position and the experience of the participants did not have any significant influence on classifying periodontitis as the gold standard.
CONCLUSIONS
The use of the 2018 periodontitis classification resulted in high inter-examiner reliability when used by a specialist group of clinicians, postgraduate students, and academicians, irrespective of their current position and experience. Given the low response rate and potential selection bias, results pertaining to the use of this system in classifying periodontitis should be interpreted with caution.
Topics: Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontics; Periodontitis; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 35322458
DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13618 -
International Dental Journal Feb 2013The Arab World consists of 22 countries from North and North-east Africa and the Middle East. Periodontal disease is an important global oral health burden, and is... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The Arab World consists of 22 countries from North and North-east Africa and the Middle East. Periodontal disease is an important global oral health burden, and is highly prevalent in developing countries.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this narrative review is to report on the recorded prevalence of periodontitis in the Arab World, and to examine the methods used in collecting the data.
DATA AND SOURCES
A search of the literature was performed using the PubMed database up to September 2011 to identify articles that reported on the prevalence of periodontal disease in the 22 Arab countries. Reports kept in the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Data bank were also used in this review.
CONCLUSION
There is a paucity of up-to-date data regarding the prevalence of periodontitis in the Arab adult population. Most relevant data are at least 10 years old. From the literature available, it is clear that there is a need for epidemiological data that are representative of the adult population from this region. Such data will enable proper development of guidelines, allocation of resources and the development of appropriate public health programmes.
Topics: Adult; Africa, Northern; Arabs; Gingivitis; Humans; Middle East; Periodontal Index; Periodontitis; Prevalence
PubMed: 23410016
DOI: 10.1111/idj.12002 -
BioMed Research International 2022In order to solve the effect of orthodontics combined with implant repair on the aesthetic effect and gingival crevicular fluid factor of patients with dentition defect... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
In order to solve the effect of orthodontics combined with implant repair on the aesthetic effect and gingival crevicular fluid factor of patients with dentition defect and periodontitis, 60 patients who met the diagnostic criteria of chronic periodontitis were proposed. They were randomly divided into treatment group (taking Bushen Huoxue Guchi recipe for 3 courses while basic periodontal treatment) and control group (only basic periodontal treatment without taking any drugs). The experimental method of 30 cases in each group showed that PD, Al, and GI in the treatment group and control group decreased to varying degrees compared with those before treatment. The treatment group decreased significantly compared with the control group ( < 0.01). Chronic periodontitis is a common clinical periodontal disease, accounting for up to 95%, local stimulation, a variety of anaerobic bacteria infection, and periodontal plaque, and other factors may cause the occurrence of diseases. Routine treatment mainly includes upper gingival cleaning, lower curettage treatment, and equal root surface treatment. Although the clinical symptoms can be alleviated to a certain extent, the cause cannot be fundamentally excluded, leading to the disease progression in some patients and the formation of aggressive periodontitis and necrotizing periodontal disease.
Topics: Chronic Periodontitis; Dentition; Esthetics; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index
PubMed: 36225985
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8065313 -
Odontology Oct 2020This case-controlled clinical trial was performed on the salivary 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis after...
This case-controlled clinical trial was performed on the salivary 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Subjects (N = 40) with periodontitis (smokers and non-smokers) and with clinically healthy conditions (smokers and non-smokers) were assigned to this study. At baseline, clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, pocket probing depth and clinical attachment levels) were evaluated. Saliva samples were obtained pre- and post-treatment to quantify the 8-OHdG levels using Elisa technique. Subjects diagnosed with chronic periodontitis with smoking habit (CPs) and non-smokers (CPns) received scaling and root planing. In clinically healthy subjects with smoking habit (CHs) and non-smokers (CHns), only oral hygiene tutoring was performed. All clinical measurements and salivary collection were repeated in a 3-month recall interval. Data were analyzed using Anova, Tukey post hoc test and Mann-Whitney 'U' tests (P < 0.05). At baseline, CPs and CPns groups showed significantly higher PI, GI, PD and CAL values than those of CHns and CHs (P < 0.001). Baseline salivary levels of 8-OHdG were significantly higher in CPs group (14.775 pg/mL) (P < 0.001) compared to the other groups. All clinical parameters in chronic periodontitis group improved at the 3rd month recall interval, however, with regards to 8-OHdG values, the CP smoker category still had a higher level compared to CP non-smoker. This study reflects an on-going periodontal destructive status in smokers and salivary 8-OHdG levels could be recognized as an oxidative biomarker for determining periodontal tissue destruction.
Topics: Chronic Periodontitis; Dental Plaque Index; Dental Scaling; Guanosine; Humans; Non-Smokers; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Root Planing; Smokers
PubMed: 32065311
DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00496-x -
Australian Dental Journal Sep 2009Periodontitis is a biofilm infection with a mixed microbial aetiology. Periodontitis is generally treated by non-surgical mechanical debridement and regular periodontal... (Review)
Review
Periodontitis is a biofilm infection with a mixed microbial aetiology. Periodontitis is generally treated by non-surgical mechanical debridement and regular periodontal maintenance care. Periodontal surgery may be indicated for some patients to improve access to the root surface for mechanical debridement. A range of systemic antibiotics for treatment of periodontitis has been documented, with some studies showing superior clinical outcomes following adjunctive antibiotics while others do not. This has resulted in controversy as to the role of systemic antibiotics in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Recent systematic reviews have provided an evidence-based assessment of the possible benefits of adjunctive antibiotics in periodontal therapy. This review aims to provide an update on clinical issues of when and how to prescribe systemic antibiotics in periodontal therapy.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Combined Modality Therapy; Dental Scaling; Humans; Periodontitis; Subgingival Curettage
PubMed: 19737272
DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2009.01147.x -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2020The quantification of neutrophils in blood is done to primarily screen the patients with acute infections. On the other hand, the neutrophils have also shown the...
AIM
The quantification of neutrophils in blood is done to primarily screen the patients with acute infections. On the other hand, the neutrophils have also shown the antimicrobial activity by allowing the host cells to perform the primary function of preventing the wounds from being infected. The aim of this study was to quantify the blood neutrophil count in patients with chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis and to compare with the healthy controls in order to assess the protective role of neutrophils in periodontal inflammation.
METHODS AND MATERIAL
A total of 30 subjects in the age group of 30-55 years were selected. Based on the clinical examination, the subjects were divided into three groups Group I (healthy), Group II (chronic gingivitis) and Group III (chronic periodontitis). The clinical parameters such as modified gingival index (MGI) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded. Two millilitres of venous blood was collected from each participant in all the groups and the differential neutrophil counts were obtained using the Neubauer's chamber under a light microscope. One way ANOVA test was used to calculate the mean and standard deviation for MGI, CAL and blood neutrophil count among various groups.
RESULTS
The mean neutrophil counts in the various study groups were 63.300, 64.100 and 60.800 in Group I, Group II and Group III, respectively. Though there was a decrease in the mean neutrophil count from Group II to Group III, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups.
CONCLUSION
In our study, there was no significant increase in neutrophil count in chronic periodontitis as compared to healthy controls, thereby explaining the protective role of neutrophils in periodontal inflammation.
Topics: Adult; Chronic Periodontitis; Gingivitis; Humans; Inflammation; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index
PubMed: 33753656
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_106_19 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... 2004Necrotizing gingivitis (NG) or necrotising ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) is considered to be an acute opportunistic gingival infection caused by bacterial plaque. It...
Necrotizing gingivitis (NG) or necrotising ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) is considered to be an acute opportunistic gingival infection caused by bacterial plaque. It appears more frequently in undernurished children and young adults as well as patients with immunodeficiency. In its pathogenesis, there are factors related to the oral microbiota with invasion processes on the one hand, and on the other hand, factors associated with the host, such as signs of capillary and immunological disorders as well as undernurishment. The disease is characterized by pain, bleeding and papillary necrosis with tendency to relapse. Diagnosis is made by a simple clinical examination. However, complementary tests ought to be performed in order to eliminate the possibility of illnesses systemic or immunodeficiency. Early and sustained treatment is strongly recommended. Lesions of the gums (craters in the interdental papillae) as an aftermath of the disease is a possibility, or if there is necrotizing periodontitis there will be loss of attachment tissue.
Topics: Adult; Bacterial Infections; Child; Dental Scaling; Disease Progression; Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative; Humans; Periodontitis; Risk Factors
PubMed: 15580128
DOI: No ID Found -
Medicine Dec 2022Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by polymorpho nuclear neutrophils occurs in chronic periodontitis. These ROS are mainly involved in bacterial destruction....
BACKGROUND
Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by polymorpho nuclear neutrophils occurs in chronic periodontitis. These ROS are mainly involved in bacterial destruction. However, extracellular release of same results in destruction of surrounding tissue. Spirulina, a potent antioxidant when administered sub gingivally in pockets can offer improved results in chronic periodontitis patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Spirulina when delivered sub gingivally in patients with chronic periodontitis.
METHODS
Sixty chronic periodontitis patients were divided into 2 groups. Group I (n = 30) were treated with Scaling and Root planning (SRP) followed by placement of placebo (SRP-P) and in Group II (n = 30) Spirulina microspheres were placed sub gingivally (SRP-S) following SRP. Clinical parameters like bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI) and probing pocket depth (PPD) were evaluated. Levels of salivary and serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) were estimated using ultra violet spectrophotometer.
RESULTS
At baseline, in both groups there was no statistically significant difference in clinical and biochemical parameters. Intra group comparisons of parameters from baseline to 90 days were statistically significant in both groups. After 90 days difference in clinical parameters and salivary MDA levels were statistically significant in SRP-S compared to SRP-P group. Though serum MDA levels were reduced in both groups, they were not significant statistically.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study concluded that, local drug delivery of Spirulina adjunctive to SRP has potent antioxidant effect in treatment of chronic periodontitis.
Topics: Humans; Chronic Periodontitis; Antioxidants; Spirulina; Reactive Oxygen Species; Root Planing; Dental Scaling
PubMed: 36550811
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000031521 -
JDR Clinical and Translational Research Jan 2024Partial-mouth recording protocols often result in underestimation of population prevalence and extent of periodontitis. We posit that multiple imputation of measures...
AIM
Partial-mouth recording protocols often result in underestimation of population prevalence and extent of periodontitis. We posit that multiple imputation of measures such as clinical attachment loss for nonselected tooth sites in partial-mouth samples can reduce bias in periodontitis estimates.
METHODS
Multiple imputation for correlated site-level dichotomous outcomes in a generalized estimating equations framework is used to impute site-level binary indicators for clinical attachment loss exceeding a fixed threshold in partial-mouth samples. Periodontitis case definitions are applied to the imputed "complete" dentitions, enabling estimation of prevalence and other summaries of periodontitis for partial-mouth samples as if for full-mouth examinations. A multiple imputation-bootstrap procedure is described and applied for point and variance estimation of these periodontitis measures. The procedure is evaluated with pseudo-partial-mouth samples based on random site selection protocols of 28 to 84 periodontal sites repeatedly generated from full-mouth periodontal examinations of 3,621 participants in the 2013 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) survey.
RESULTS
Multiple imputation applied to partial-mouth samples overestimated periodontitis mean extent, defined as the number of sites with clinical attachment loss 3 mm or greater, by 9.5% in random site selection protocols with 84 sites and overestimated prevalence by 5% to 10% in all the evaluated protocols.
CONCLUSIONS
In the 2013 to 2014 NHANES data, multiple imputation of site-level periodontal indicators provides less biased estimates of periodontitis prevalence and extent than has been reported from estimates based on the direct application of full-mouth case definitions to partial-mouth samples. Multiple imputation provides a promising solution to the longstanding, vexing problem of estimation bias in partial-mouth recording, with potential application to a wide array of case definitions, periodontitis measures, and partial recording protocols.
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT
Partial-mouth sampling, while a resource-efficient strategy for obtaining oral disease estimates, often results in underestimation of periodontitis metrics. Multiple imputation for nonselected periodontal sites produces pseudo-full-mouth data sets that may be analyzed and combined to produce estimates with small bias.
Topics: Humans; Nutrition Surveys; Periodontal Index; Periodontitis; Bias
PubMed: 36645107
DOI: 10.1177/23800844221143683 -
International Dental Journal Apr 2023The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of proanthocyanidins (PACNs) as an adjunctive periodontal therapy in patients with periodontitis. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of proanthocyanidins (PACNs) as an adjunctive periodontal therapy in patients with periodontitis.
METHODS
Patients with periodontitis (stage III-IV) were included in this randomised clinical study. Patients with periodontitis received 2 different treatment modalities: minimally invasive nonsurgical therapy only (MINST group) or minimally invasive nonsurgical therapy and subgingival application of collagen hydrogels with PACNs (MINST + PACNs group). Clinical periodontal parameters, that is, pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), were evaluated before treatment and after 8 weeks. Concentrations of immunologic markers, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in saliva were assessed at baseline and at 8-week follow-up.
RESULTS
Forty-six patients diagnosed with periodontitis were randomised into 2 groups: 23 patients in the MINST group and 23 patients in the MINST + PACNs group received the intended treatment. PACNs combined with MINST resulted in additional statistically significant PPD reduction and CAL gain in moderate periodontal pockets by 0.5 mm (P < .05) on average compared to MINST alone. Additional use of PACNs did not result in additional statistically significant improvement of BOP or PI values. Application of PACNs showed significant reduction of MMP-3 levels in saliva after 8 weeks (P < .05).
CONCLUSIONS
Adjunctive use of PACNs in MINST resulted in better clinical outcomes for moderate pockets. Additional use of PACNs improved MMP-3 concentration in saliva more than MINST alone. Biochemical analysis revealed that MMP-3 concentration in saliva reflected the periodontal health state.
Topics: Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; Proanthocyanidins; Dental Scaling; Periodontitis; Chronic Periodontitis
PubMed: 36167610
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.08.006