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Dental Clinics of North America Jan 2022Successful periodontal regeneration requires the hierarchical reorganization of multiple tissues including periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolar bone, and gingiva.... (Review)
Review
Successful periodontal regeneration requires the hierarchical reorganization of multiple tissues including periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolar bone, and gingiva. The limitation of conventional regenerative therapies has been attracting research interest in tissue engineering-based periodontal therapies where progenitor cells, scaffolds, and bioactive molecules are delivered. Scaffolds offer not only structural support but also provide geometrical clue to guide cell fate. Additionally, functionalization improves bioactive properties to the scaffold. Various scaffold designs have been proposed for periodontal regeneration. These include the fabrication of biomimetic periodontal extracellular matrix, multiphasic scaffolds with tissue-specific layers, and personalized 3D printed scaffolds. This review summarizes the basic concept as well as the recent advancement of scaffold designing and fabrication for periodontal regeneration and provides an insight of future clinical translation.
Topics: Dental Cementum; Humans; Periodontal Ligament; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 34794550
DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2021.06.004 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Nov 2023: This review focuses on reviewing studies from the literature regarding the effects of deep margin elevation on the surrounding periodontium. : A review of the... (Review)
Review
: This review focuses on reviewing studies from the literature regarding the effects of deep margin elevation on the surrounding periodontium. : A review of the literature was carried out using the following online databases: Embase, The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE-PubMed and Google Scholar. Our search was limited to articles from 2010 to 2023. The search terms consisted of keywords and MeSH terms, which were 'deep margin elevation', 'coronal margin relocation', 'periodontium' and 'periodontal tissues'. The literature was searched thoroughly by two reviewers. Initially, the titles of the articles were extracted. After removing irrelevant and duplicate articles, abstracts were assessed for relevant articles. Finally, the reviewers analyzed full-text articles. A total of twelve articles, including one randomized clinical trial, three systematic reviews, two prospective cohort, three case series, one a clinical study, one pilot study and one a retrospective study, were selected and analyzed. The review suggests potential benefits of Deep Margin Elevation (DME) over surgical crown lengthening due to reduced invasiveness, yet conclusive effects on periodontal tissue remain unclear, warranting further studies on clinical parameters and inflammatory biomarkers.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Pilot Projects; Retrospective Studies; Periodontium; Periodontal Ligament; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38003997
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59111948 -
Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) Sep 2022The periodontium is comprised of multiple units of mineralized and nonmineralized tissues including the cementum on the root surface, the alveolar bone, periodontal... (Review)
Review
The periodontium is comprised of multiple units of mineralized and nonmineralized tissues including the cementum on the root surface, the alveolar bone, periodontal ligament (PDL), and the gingiva. PDL contains a variety of cell populations including mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) termed PDLSCs, which contribute to periodontal regeneration. Recent studies utilizing mouse genetic models shed light on the identities of these mesenchymal progenitors in their native environment, particularly regarding how they contribute to homeostasis and repair of the periodontium. The current concept is that mesenchymal progenitors in the PDL are localized to the perivascular niche. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses reveal heterogeneity and cell-type specific markers of cells in the periodontium, as well as their developmental relationship with precursor cells in the dental follicle. The characteristics of PDLSCs and their diversity in vivo are now beginning to be unraveled thanks to insights from mouse genetic models and scRNA-seq analyses, which aid to uncover the fundamental properties of stem cells in the human PDL. The new knowledge will be highly important for developing more effective stem cell-based regenerative therapies to repair periodontal tissues in the future.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Mice; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontium; Stem Cells
PubMed: 35916433
DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23495 -
Journal of Cellular Physiology Jan 2016Periodontal diseases are highly prevalent and are linked to several systemic diseases. The goal of periodontal treatment is to halt the progression of the disease and... (Review)
Review
Periodontal diseases are highly prevalent and are linked to several systemic diseases. The goal of periodontal treatment is to halt the progression of the disease and regenerate the damaged tissue. However, achieving complete and functional periodontal regeneration is challenging because the periodontium is a complex apparatus composed of different tissues, including bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament. Stem cells may represent an effective therapeutic tool for periodontal regeneration due to their plasticity and their ability to regenerate different tissues. This review presents and critically analyzes the available information on stem cell-based therapy for the regeneration of periodontal tissues and suggests new avenues for the development of more effective therapeutic protocols.
Topics: Animals; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Humans; Periodontal Ligament; Regeneration; Stem Cell Transplantation; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 26058394
DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25067 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2022The tooth-periodontium complex and its nerves have active reciprocal regulation during development and homeostasis. These effects are predominantly mediated by a range... (Review)
Review
The tooth-periodontium complex and its nerves have active reciprocal regulation during development and homeostasis. These effects are predominantly mediated by a range of molecules secreted from either the nervous system or the tooth-periodontium complex. Different strategies mimicking tooth development or physiological reparation have been applied to tooth regeneration studies, where the application of these nerve- or tooth-derived molecules has been proven effective. However, to date, basic studies in this field leave many vacancies to be filled. This literature review summarizes the recent advances in the basic studies on neural responses and regulation during tooth-periodontium development and homeostasis and points out some research gaps to instruct future studies. Deepening our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of tooth development and diseases will provide more clues for tooth regeneration.
Topics: Odontogenesis; Periodontal Ligament; Tooth; Periodontium; Homeostasis
PubMed: 36430624
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214150 -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy Dec 2022Periodontitis often causes irrevocable destruction of tooth-supporting tissues and eventually leads to tooth loss. Currently, stem cell-based tissue engineering has... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Periodontitis often causes irrevocable destruction of tooth-supporting tissues and eventually leads to tooth loss. Currently, stem cell-based tissue engineering has achieved a favorable result in regenerating periodontal tissues. Moreover, cell-free therapies that aim to facilitate the recruitment of resident repair cell populations to injured sites by promoting cell mobilization and homing have become alternative options to cell therapy.
MAIN TEXT
Cell aggregates (e.g., cell sheets) retain a large amount of extracellular matrix which can improve cell viability and survival rates after implantation in vivo. Electrostatic spinning and 3D bioprinting through fabricating specific alignments and interactions scaffold structures have made promising outcomes in the construction of a microenvironment conducive to periodontal regeneration. Cell-free therapies with adding biological agents (growth factors, exosomes and conditioned media) to promote endogenous regeneration have somewhat addressed the limitations of cell therapy.
CONCLUSION
Hence, this article reviews the progress of stem cell-based tissue engineering and advanced strategies for endogenous regeneration based on stem cell derivatives in periodontal regeneration.
Topics: Humans; Periodontium; Periodontitis; Tissue Engineering; Stem Cells; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Periodontal Ligament
PubMed: 36575471
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03225-z -
Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) Sep 2022The periodontium supports and attaches teeth via mineralized and nonmineralized tissues. It consists of two, unique mineralized tissues, cementum and alveolar bone. In... (Review)
Review
The periodontium supports and attaches teeth via mineralized and nonmineralized tissues. It consists of two, unique mineralized tissues, cementum and alveolar bone. In between these tissues, lies an unmineralized, fibrous periodontal ligament (PDL), which distributes occlusal forces, nourishes and invests teeth, and harbors progenitor cells for dentoalveolar repair. Many unanswered questions remain regarding periodontal biology. This review will focus on recent research providing insights into one enduring mystery: the precise regulation of the hard-soft tissue borders in the periodontium which define the interfaces of the cementum-PDL-alveolar bone structure. We will focus on advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms that maintain the unmineralized PDL "between a rock and a hard place" by regulating the mineralization of cementum and alveolar bone.
Topics: Bone and Bones; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontium; Stem Cells; Tooth
PubMed: 35460154
DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23474 -
The Chinese Journal of Dental Research Jun 2022The ultimate goal of periodontal treatments is the regeneration of all lost periodontal tissues including bone, cementum and the periodontal ligament (PDL). Until now,... (Review)
Review
The ultimate goal of periodontal treatments is the regeneration of all lost periodontal tissues including bone, cementum and the periodontal ligament (PDL). Until now, the clinical methods for periodontal regeneration have been associated with significant failure or incomplete success. Various studies have reported the promising effects of growth factors/cytokines on periodontal regeneration. Growth factors/cytokines include proteins or steroid hormones that bind to cellular receptors, known as signalling molecules, and that trigger cellular responses that eventually stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation. The present review aims to provide an overview of the main growth factors that play an important role in and have been used in the regeneration of periodontal components.
Topics: Cementogenesis; Cytokines; Dental Cementum; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontium
PubMed: 35686588
DOI: 10.3290/j.cjdr.b3086335 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Feb 2022Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) requires the orthodontic forces (compressive and tensile strain) to subject to the periodontal ligament and mechanosensory cells in the... (Review)
Review
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) requires the orthodontic forces (compressive and tensile strain) to subject to the periodontal ligament and mechanosensory cells in the periodontium and to achieve mechanotransduction by mechanoreceptors. In the context of OTM, a diverse array of signaling pathways are activated in mechanosensory cells that modulate bone resorption and formation in and models. The underlying molecular signal transduction, such as MAPK and β-Catenin signaling, that is involved in OTM, has been partially identified. It includes, but is not limited to genes and proteins which are related to osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, cementogenesis and inflammation. However, the interactive relation of β-Catenin and MAPK signaling remains ambiguous and diverse cross-talks are acting with each other. In this comprehensive text, we review the biology of OTM and reported experimental results on the activation/inhibition of these two signaling pathways during OTM. Here, we also focus on the implications and interplays between the MAPK and β-Catenin signaling in mechanosensory cells in response to orthodontic forces. Finally, the potential of further investigation strategies aimed at supporting orthodontic interventions are discussed. This review provides a conceptual framework for more comprehensive knowledge about signaling interaction during OTM.
Topics: Mechanotransduction, Cellular; Osteoclasts; Osteogenesis; Periodontal Ligament; Signal Transduction; Tooth Movement Techniques; beta Catenin
PubMed: 35226997
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2702054 -
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of... Oct 2023The periodontium is a biological structure that supports the tooth in the jaw and behave as a developmental, biological, and functional unit. Teeth may be considered to...
The periodontium is a biological structure that supports the tooth in the jaw and behave as a developmental, biological, and functional unit. Teeth may be considered to be 'suspended' in their tooth sockets which provides teeth the ability to move in response to an applied load. In terms of the protection the suspension effect of the periodontal ligament may offer dental restorations, movement in an axial direction is of interest. No device or system to measure this movement is readily available, thus a novel approach had to be developed to address the questions of this research. The device developed allowed images to be taken of the participants teeth before, during and after a participant bit down on the tooth and used to measure the displacement of the tooth in image processing software. Average maximum tooth displacement from all participants of 73.8 μm (sd = 22.5 μm) were recorded. Longer application time of bite force was associated with greater cumulative tooth displacement, for a given level of force, and female participants experienced approximately 2 μm more displacement per Newton than males. The device and methods utilised in this study has shown good potential as a measurement protocol for measurement of vertical tooth movements in vivo. The response to load the teeth in this study has shown, highlighted the visco-elastic properties of the periodontal ligament and the amount of movement recorded supports the protection that controlled tooth movement offers teeth.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Periodontal Ligament; Bite Force; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Movement; Software
PubMed: 37604099
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106059