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Immunology Aug 2022The relationship between macrophages of the peritoneal cavity and the adjacent omentum remains poorly understood. Here, we describe two populations of omental...
The relationship between macrophages of the peritoneal cavity and the adjacent omentum remains poorly understood. Here, we describe two populations of omental macrophages distinguished by CD102 expression and use an adoptive cell transfer approach to investigate whether these arise from peritoneal macrophages, and whether this depends upon inflammatory status, the origin of peritoneal macrophages and availability of the omental niches. We show that whereas established resident peritoneal macrophages largely fail to migrate to the omentum, monocyte-derived resident cells readily migrate and form a substantial component of omental CD102 macrophages in the months following resolution of peritoneal inflammation. In contrast, both populations had the capacity to migrate to the omentum in the absence of endogenous peritoneal and omental macrophages. However, inflammatory macrophages expanded more effectively and more efficiently repopulated both CD102 and CD102 omental populations, whereas established resident macrophages partially reconstituted the omental niche via recruitment of monocytes. Hence, cell origin determines the migration of peritoneal macrophages to the omentum and predisposes established resident macrophages to drive infiltration of monocyte-derived cells.
Topics: Macrophages; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Omentum; Peritoneal Cavity
PubMed: 35437746
DOI: 10.1111/imm.13483 -
Abdominal Imaging Oct 2015The subperitoneal space and peritoneal cavity are two mutually exclusive spaces that are separated by the peritoneum. Each is a single continuous space with...
The subperitoneal space and peritoneal cavity are two mutually exclusive spaces that are separated by the peritoneum. Each is a single continuous space with interconnected regions. Disease can spread either within the subperitoneal space or within the peritoneal cavity to distant sites in the abdomen and pelvis via these interconnecting pathways. Disease can also cross the peritoneum to spread from the subperitoneal space to the peritoneal cavity or vice versa.
Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; Humans; Peritoneal Cavity; Peritoneum; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 26006061
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-015-0429-5 -
Investigative Radiology Oct 2018To validate in vitro the capability of a high-spatial-resolution prototype spectral photon-counting computed tomography (SPCCT) scanner to differentiate between 2...
OBJECTIVES
To validate in vitro the capability of a high-spatial-resolution prototype spectral photon-counting computed tomography (SPCCT) scanner to differentiate between 2 contrast agents and to assess in vivo the image quality and the feasibility to image the peritoneal cavity in rats using the 2 contrast agents simultaneously within the vascular and peritoneal compartments.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The authors performed SPCCT imaging (100 mAs, 120 kVp) with energy bin thresholds set to 30, 51, 64, 72, and 85 keV in vitro on a custom-made polyoxymethylene cylindrical phantom consisting of tubes with dilutions of both contrast agents and in vivo on 2 groups of adult rats using 2 injection protocols. Approval from the institutional animal ethics committee was obtained. One group received macrocylic gadolinium chelate intraperitoneal (IP) and iodine intravenous (IV) injections (protocol A, n = 3), whereas the second group received iodine IP and gadolinium IV (protocol B, n = 3). Helical scans were performed 35 minutes after IP injection and 20 seconds after IV injection. The SPCCT and contrast material images, that is, iodine and gadolinium maps, were reconstructed with a field of view of 160 mm, an isotropic voxel size of 250 μm, and a matrix size of 640 × 640 pixels using a soft reconstruction kernel. The SPCCT images were reconstructed with 2 different spatial resolutions to compare the image quality (sharpness, diagnostic quality, and organ visualization) of SPCCT (250 μm) with single-energy computed tomography (CT) (600 μm). Two radiologists evaluated the peritoneal opacification index in 13 regions (score = 0-3 per region) on each type of image. Concentrations of contrast agents were measured in the organs of interest.
RESULTS
In vitro, the concentration measurements correlated well with the expected concentrations. The linear regressions both had R values of 0.99, slopes of 0.84 and 0.87, and offsets at -0.52 and -0.38 mg/mL for iodine and gadolinium, respectively. In vivo, the SPCCT images were of better diagnostic quality, with increased sharpness compared with the CT-like images (P < 0.0001). Intraperitoneal diffusion was excellent, with similar peritoneal opacification index on SPCCT images and overlay of contrast material maps (P = 1) without a significant difference between protocol A (37.0 ± 1.7) and protocol B (35.3 ± 1.5) (P = 0.34). Only the contrast material maps demonstrated clear visual separation of the contrast agents, allowing specific quantification of the physiological enhancement in the liver, spleen, and kidney and the urinary clearance in the renal pelvis and bladder. Renal excretion of the contrast agents injected IP was observed and was consistent with blood diffusion.
CONCLUSIONS
Spectral photon-counting CT can be used to perform a complete peritoneal dual-contrast protocol, enabling a good assessment of the peritoneal cavity and abdominal organs in rats.
Topics: Abdomen; Animals; Contrast Media; Gadolinium; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Iodine; Linear Models; Male; Models, Animal; Peritoneal Cavity; Phantoms, Imaging; Photons; Radiographic Image Enhancement; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 29794948
DOI: 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000483 -
Sheng Li Xue Bao : [Acta Physiologica... Apr 2021The great omentum is an intraperitoneal organ and plays an important role in protecting the environment of the peritoneal cavity. Several specialized innate immune cells... (Review)
Review
The great omentum is an intraperitoneal organ and plays an important role in protecting the environment of the peritoneal cavity. Several specialized innate immune cells including B1 cells and resident macrophages are found in the omentum, which may be attributed to the unique niche and its special stromal cells. However, it is not clear how these omental innate immune cells contribute to the peritoneal immunity. This review attempts to summarize the latest research on the omental innate immunity and discuss its involvement in the immune response of the peritoneal cavity.
Topics: Immunity, Innate; Macrophages; Omentum; Peritoneal Cavity; Stromal Cells
PubMed: 33903879
DOI: No ID Found -
Cells Jan 2022B1 cells constitute a specialized subset of B cells, best characterized in mice, which is abundant in body cavities, including the peritoneal cavity. Through natural and...
B1 cells constitute a specialized subset of B cells, best characterized in mice, which is abundant in body cavities, including the peritoneal cavity. Through natural and antigen-induced antibody production, B1 cells participate in the early defense against bacteria. The G protein-coupled receptor 183 (GPR183), also known as Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 2 (EBI2), is an oxysterol-activated chemotactic receptor that regulates migration of B cells. We investigated the role of GPR183 in B1 cells in the peritoneal cavity and omentum. B1 cells expressed GPR183 at the mRNA level and migrated towards the GPR183 ligand 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-OHC). GPR183 knock-out (KO) mice had smaller omenta, but with normal numbers of B1 cells, whereas they had fewer B2 cells in the omentum and peritoneal cavity than wildtype (WT) mice. GPR183 was not responsible for B1 cell accumulation in the omentum in response to i.p. lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injection, in spite of a massive increase in 7α,25-OHC levels. Lack of GPR183 also did not affect B1a- or B1b cell-specific antibody responses after vaccination. In conclusion, we found that GPR183 is non-essential for the accumulation and function of B1 cells in the omentum and peritoneal cavity, but that it influences the abundance of B2 cells in these compartments.
Topics: Animals; B-Lymphocyte Subsets; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Hydroxycholesterols; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Omentum; Peritoneal Cavity; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
PubMed: 35159303
DOI: 10.3390/cells11030494 -
Polski Przeglad Chirurgiczny Apr 2020Colonoscopy is a routine diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. Along with the increase in the complexity of the procedures performed, the risk of complications... (Review)
Review
Free gas in the peritoneal cavity after colonoscopy. Indication for immediate action or incidental finding in imaging tests after uncomplicated colonoscopy? Literature review.
Colonoscopy is a routine diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. Along with the increase in the complexity of the procedures performed, the risk of complications increases. In 2017, WSES (World Society of Emergency Surgery) published the principles of safe colonoscopy. Intestinal perforation is one of the most common complications. The risk of perforation in treatment procedures such as mucosectomy or endoscopic dissection is significantly greater than the risk of diagnostic colonoscopy. The basic rule of the procedure in case of suspected perforation is close supervision over the patient's condition and the soonest possible repair of damage. The role of the endoscopist is not only early recognition, but also early treatment of damage. Immediate endoscopic treatment of lesions is an effective, final and acceptable management strategy. In patients who have undergone imaging diagnostics for another reason, free gas in the peritoneal cavity can be recognized. It does not have to mean the need for urgent surgical intervention. Patients with asymptomatic pneumoperitoneum after colonoscopy should, however, be treated as patients with suspected perforation of the large intestine and undergo careful clinical observation in accordance with WSES recommendations. Colonoscopy is a procedure with a risk of complications, which should be reported to patients qualified for endoscopy, but appropriate management reduces the risk of morbidity and mortality associated with this procedure.
Topics: Colonoscopy; Endoscopy; Humans; Incidental Findings; Intestinal Perforation; Peritoneal Cavity; Pneumoperitoneum; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32759391
DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.1026 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) May 2010Lymphatic stomata are small openings of lymphatic capillaries on the free surface of the mesothelium. The peritoneal cavity, pleural cavity, and pericardial cavity are... (Review)
Review
Lymphatic stomata are small openings of lymphatic capillaries on the free surface of the mesothelium. The peritoneal cavity, pleural cavity, and pericardial cavity are connected with lymphatic system via these small openings, which have the function of active absorption. The ultrastructure of the lymphatic stomata and their absorption from the body cavities are important clinically, such as ascites elimination, neoplasm metastasis, and inflammatory reaction. The lymphatic stomata play an important role in the physiological and pathological conditions. Our previous study indicated for the first time that nitric oxide (NO) could regulate the opening and absorption of the lymphatic stomata. It could decrease the level of free intracellular calcium [Ca(2+)] through increasing the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) level in the rat peritoneal mesothelial cells, thus regulating the lymphatic stomata. This process is related with the NO-cGMP-[Ca(2+)] signal pathway. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in understanding the development and the function of the lymphatic stomata. The ultrastructure and regulations of the lymphatic stomata are also discussed in this review.
Topics: Animals; Calcium Signaling; Cyclic GMP; Epithelium; Humans; Lymph; Lymphatic Vessels; Nitric Oxide; Peritoneal Cavity; Peritoneal Stomata; Peritoneum; Rats
PubMed: 20186966
DOI: 10.1002/ar.21101 -
Nature Communications May 2021During injury, monocytes are recruited from the circulation to inflamed tissues and differentiate locally into mature macrophages, with prior reports showing that cavity...
During injury, monocytes are recruited from the circulation to inflamed tissues and differentiate locally into mature macrophages, with prior reports showing that cavity macrophages of the peritoneum and pericardium invade deeply into the respective organs to promote repair. Here we report a dual recombinase-mediated genetic system designed to trace cavity macrophages in vivo by intersectional detection of two characteristic markers. Lineage tracing with this method shows accumulation of cavity macrophages during lung and liver injury on the surface of visceral organs without penetration into the parenchyma. Additional data suggest that these peritoneal or pleural cavity macrophages do not contribute to tissue repair and regeneration. Our in vivo genetic targeting approach thus provides a reliable method to identify and characterize cavity macrophages during their development and in tissue repair and regeneration, and distinguishes these cells from other lineages.
Topics: Animals; Cell Lineage; Cells, Cultured; Liver; Lung Injury; Macrophage Activation; Macrophages; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Transgenic; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Monocytes; Peritoneal Cavity; Phagocytosis; Pleural Cavity; Mice
PubMed: 34001904
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23197-7 -
American Journal of Physiology. Renal... Mar 2005The peritoneal cavity is important in clinical medicine because of its use as a portal of entry for drugs utilized in regional chemotherapy and as a means of dialysis... (Review)
Review
The peritoneal cavity is important in clinical medicine because of its use as a portal of entry for drugs utilized in regional chemotherapy and as a means of dialysis for anephric patients. The barrier between the therapeutic solution in the cavity and the plasma does not correspond to the classic semipermeable membrane but instead is a complex structure of cells, extracellular matrix, and blood microvessels in the surrounding tissue. New research on the nature of the capillary barrier and on the orderly array of extracellular matrix molecules has provided insights into the physiological basis of osmosis and the alterations in transport that result from infusion of large volumes of fluid. The anatomic peritoneum is highly permeable to water, small solutes, and proteins and therefore is not a physical barrier. However, the cells of the mesothelium play an essential role in the immune response in the cavity and produce cytokines and chemokines in response to contact with noncompatible solutions. The process of inflammation, which depends on the interaction of mesothelial, interstitial, and endothelial cells, ultimately leads to angiogenesis and fibrosis and the functional alteration of the barrier. New animal models, such as the transgenic mouse, will accelerate the discovery of methods to preserve the functional peritoneal barrier.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Aquaporins; Biological Transport; Humans; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Peritoneal Cavity; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneum; Peritonitis; Water-Electrolyte Balance
PubMed: 15692055
DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00313.2004 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023The omentum is the predominant site of ovarian cancer metastasis, but it is difficult to remove the omentum in its entirety. There is a critical need for effective... (Review)
Review
The omentum is the predominant site of ovarian cancer metastasis, but it is difficult to remove the omentum in its entirety. There is a critical need for effective approaches that minimize the risk of colonization of preserved omental tissues by occult cancer cells. Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) is commonly used to wash the peritoneal cavity during ovarian cancer surgery. The omentum has a prodigious ability to absorb fluid in the peritoneal cavity, but the impact of normal saline on the omentum is poorly understood. In this review article, we discuss why normal saline is not a biocompatible solution, drawing insights from clinical investigations of normal saline in fluid resuscitation and from the cytopathologic evaluation of peritoneal washings. We integrate these insights with the unique biology of the omentum and omental metastasis, highlighting the importance of considering the absorptive ability of the omentum when administering agents into the peritoneal cavity. Furthermore, we describe insights from preclinical studies regarding the mechanisms by which normal saline might render the omentum conducive for colonization by cancer cells. Importantly, we discuss the possibility that the risk of colonization of preserved omental tissues might be minimized by using balanced crystalloid solutions for peritoneal washing.
Topics: Humans; Female; Saline Solution; Peritoneal Cavity; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Peritoneal Lavage; Ovarian Neoplasms
PubMed: 38003636
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216449