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The Hospital Mar 1890
PubMed: 29834961
DOI: No ID Found -
HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine 2022Description This photograph was taken in 2016 in rural South Texas as a part of a series called , which explores the idea of rural America and its values in spite of a...
Description This photograph was taken in 2016 in rural South Texas as a part of a series called , which explores the idea of rural America and its values in spite of a narrative that paints rural regions as bleak and desolate. The owner of this truck pointed it out as an example of reliability, pride, and perseverance-all attributes that were apparent in his community.
PubMed: 37426862
DOI: 10.36518/2689-0216.1529 -
Brain Sciences May 2023Persistence is defined as, among other ways, the need to achieve the goals and strive for the goal. Persistence can also be considered from the perspective of the...
UNLABELLED
Persistence is defined as, among other ways, the need to achieve the goals and strive for the goal. Persistence can also be considered from the perspective of the resource concept, as a positive factor related to an individual's adaptive behaviour, psychological resilience, and normal self-regulation. In contrast, tendencies behaviourally similar to perseverance, but which may have psychopathological features, are persistence and perfectionism. The main goal of our study was to: (I) Build non-clinical Persistence Scale (PS) in Polish and English; (II) translate in Polish and validate the Persistence, Perfectionism and Perseveration Questionnaire (PPPQ); (III) analyse properties of both scales.
METHODS
The study was conducted on a non-clinical group of 306 subjects. The mean age was 27.6 and ranged from 18 to 58 years. The properties of both scales were analysed using the NEO-FFI personality inventory, PSS-10 Perceived stress level scale, The UPPS-P Impulsive Behaviour Scale, the SPSRQ Sensitivity to Punishment and Reward scale, Grit scale and NAS-50 Self-Control Scale.
RESULTS
The psychometric features of the scales fulfil the requirements for psychometric tools. The factorial structure of both versions of the PS-20 scale proved to be unifactorial. Openness was the only variable to co-occur with the persistence scales of both the PS-20 and the PPPQ-10, and did not co-occur with scales intended to indicate psychopathology (Perseveration, Perfectionism). Negative correlations occurred with variables describing Persistence with levels of perceived stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms. Impulsivity measured by the SUPPS scale also showed negative correlations with the study variables.
CONCLUSIONS
In the present work, we postulate that persistence is an umbrella construct that gathers and integrates many other traits to form a multi-trait persistence. Perseveration should be regarded as an undesirable trait characterising psychopathological behaviour. Desirable and indicative traits of an individual's good functioning are persistence and, to some extent, perfectionism. Individuals with low persistence and high perseveration may be characterised by a repertoire of psychopathological behaviours.
PubMed: 37371344
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060864 -
Indian Journal of Orthopaedics May 2020Athletes that excel in their field, and are hence declared "elite", have many challenges and problems in their career. The path to glory is often littered with personal...
Athletes that excel in their field, and are hence declared "elite", have many challenges and problems in their career. The path to glory is often littered with personal sacrifice, rigorous schedules and many related medical issues from orthopaedic injuries specific to individual sports, to mental health issues that are often not diagnosed. Coupled with that, the lack of support to these sportspersons in underdeveloped countries, makes their road to the top much more challenging. Commitment of time, continuance of effort and perseverance are key components. The current account of a difficult journey and the issues that were overcome serves as a guide to aspiring athletes and to support staff ranging from doctors to physiotherapists and perhaps even the sports administrators.
PubMed: 32399140
DOI: 10.1007/s43465-020-00091-w -
Behavioral Neuroscience Aug 2021Reversal learning paradigms are widely used assays of behavioral flexibility with their probabilistic versions being more amenable to studying integration of reward...
Reversal learning paradigms are widely used assays of behavioral flexibility with their probabilistic versions being more amenable to studying integration of reward outcomes over time. Prior research suggests differences between initial and reversal learning, including higher learning rates, a greater need for inhibitory control, and more perseveration after reversals. However, it is not well-understood what aspects of stimulus-based reversal learning are unique to reversals, and whether and how observed differences depend on reward probability. Here, we used a visual probabilistic discrimination and reversal learning paradigm where male and female rats selected between a pair of stimuli associated with different reward probabilities. We compared accuracy, rewards collected, omissions, latencies, win-stay/lose-shift strategies, and indices of perseveration across two different reward probability schedules. We found that discrimination and reversal learning are behaviorally more unique than similar: Fit of choice behavior using reinforcement learning models revealed a lower sensitivity to the difference in subjective reward values (greater exploration) and higher learning rates for the reversal phase. We also found latencies to choose the better option were greater in females than males, but only for the reversal phase. Further, animals employed more win-stay strategies during early discrimination and increased perseveration during early reversal learning. Interestingly, a consistent reward probability group difference emerged with a richer environment associated with longer reward collection latencies than a leaner environment. Future studies should systematically compare the neural correlates of fine-grained behavioral measures to reveal possible dissociations in how the circuitry is recruited in each phase. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Animals; Choice Behavior; Discrimination Learning; Discrimination, Psychological; Female; Male; Rats; Reinforcement, Psychology; Reversal Learning; Reward
PubMed: 34460275
DOI: 10.1037/bne0000474 -
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Oct 2016Sepsis is a heterogeneous syndrome characterized by both immune hyperactivity and relative immune suppression. Biomarkers have the potential to improve recognition and... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Sepsis is a heterogeneous syndrome characterized by both immune hyperactivity and relative immune suppression. Biomarkers have the potential to improve recognition and management of sepsis through three main applications: diagnosis, monitoring response to treatment, and stratifying patients based on prognosis or underlying biological response.
AREAS COVERED
This review focuses on specific examples of well-studied, evidence-supported biomarkers, and discusses their role in clinical practice with special attention to antibiotic stewardship and cost-effectiveness. Biomarkers were selected based on availability of robust prospective trials and meta-analyses which supported their role as emerging tools to improve the clinical management of sepsis. Expert commentary: Great strides have been made in candidate sepsis biomarker discovery and testing, with the biomarkers in this review showing promise. Yet sepsis remains a dynamic illness with a great degree of biological heterogeneity - heterogeneity which may be further resolved by recently discovered gene expression-based endotypes in septic shock.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biomarkers; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sepsis
PubMed: 27533847
DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2016.1222272 -
ELife Sep 2023Between honoring her immigrant family and making her children proud, a first-generation PhD student fights for her place in academia.
Between honoring her immigrant family and making her children proud, a first-generation PhD student fights for her place in academia.
PubMed: 37668155
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.92403 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2021In recent years, evidence linked hypnotizability to the executive control and information salience networks, brain structures that play a role in cognitive conflict...
In recent years, evidence linked hypnotizability to the executive control and information salience networks, brain structures that play a role in cognitive conflict resolution and perseveration (insisting on applying a previously learned logical rule on a new set). Despite the growing body of neuroimaging evidence, the cognitive phenotype of hypnotizability is not well understood. We hypothesized that higher hypnotizability would correspond to lower perseveration and set-shifting. Seventy-two healthy adults were tested for hypnotizability and executive functions (perseveration and set-shifting). Multiple regression analyses were performed to test the relationship between hypnotizability and perseveration and set-shifting. Higher hypnotizability was associated with lower perseveration after accounting for age and education. Hypnotizability significantly predicted perseveration but not set-shifting. Our results indicate an inverse relationship between trait hypnotizability and perseveration, an executive function that utilizes regions of both the executive control and the salience systems. This suggests that hypnotizability may share a common cognitive mechanism with error evaluation and implementation of logical rules.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Cognition; Executive Function; Female; Humans; Hypnosis; Linear Models; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Young Adult
PubMed: 33707531
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84954-8 -
The Journal of Thoracic and... Apr 2018
Topics: Immunologic Factors; Immunotherapy
PubMed: 29317095
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.12.002 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2020Grit, which is originally conceptualized as passion and perseverance for long-term goals, has been associated with optimal performance. Although previous meta-analytic... (Review)
Review
Grit, which is originally conceptualized as passion and perseverance for long-term goals, has been associated with optimal performance. Although previous meta-analytic and systematic reviews summarized how grit relates to performance outcomes, they possess considerable shortcomings, such as (a) absence of summary on the association of grit with well-being outcomes; (b) absence of discussion on social, psychological, and emotional mechanisms linking grit to well-being; and (c) lack of elaboration on how alternative models can resolve fundamental problems in the grit construct. This integrative review provides a comprehensive summary on the link of grit to performance and well-being outcomes. Importantly, it elaborates how alternative models can potentially address flaws in the existing grit theory. Future research directions are discussed on how to move forward the science of grit.
PubMed: 33584397
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.545526