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PloS One 2018We examined the effect of hearing two types of self-relevant words, one's own name and the name of others, on vigilant attention, arousal, and subjective sleepiness...
We examined the effect of hearing two types of self-relevant words, one's own name and the name of others, on vigilant attention, arousal, and subjective sleepiness during performing the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT). Participants performed the PVT under three experimental conditions, (a) hearing own full name (high self-relevant condition), (b) hearing other's name (low self- relevant condition) and (c) the control condition with no stimuli. Participants heard the names every 20 sec. Self-relevance was assessed before the experiment using the self-relevance scale. The results of the behavioral effects are relatively small and not consistently supported by all of the performance indicators. A tentative conclusion, based on the overall pattern of results, is that (1) arousal increased by hearing a name, regardless of its self-relevance, and (2) hearing less self-relevant stimuli such as other's name had a distractive effect on ongoing task performance, although it increased arousal, being aware that further experiments are urgently necessary.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Adult; Arousal; Attention; Electroencephalography; Female; Hearing; Humans; Male; Names; Reaction Time; Task Performance and Analysis; Wakefulness; Young Adult
PubMed: 30256823
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203966 -
Archives of Sexual Behavior Apr 2023Social gender transition is an increasingly accepted intervention for gender variant children and adolescents. To date, there is scant literature comparing the mental...
Social gender transition is an increasingly accepted intervention for gender variant children and adolescents. To date, there is scant literature comparing the mental health of children and adolescents diagnosed with gender dysphoria who have socially transitioned versus those who are still living in their birth-assigned gender. We examined the mental health of children and adolescents referred to the Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS), a specialist clinic in London, UK, who had socially transitioned (i.e., were living in their affirmed gender and/or had changed their name) versus those who had not socially transitioned. Referrals to the GIDS were aged 4-17 years. We assessed mental health correlates of living in one's affirmed gender among 288 children and adolescents (208 birth-assigned female; 210 socially transitioned) and of name change in 357 children and adolescents (253 birth-assigned female; 214 name change). The presence or absence of mood and anxiety difficulties and past suicide attempts were clinician rated. Living in role and name change were more prevalent in birth-assigned females versus birth-assigned males. Overall, there were no significant effects of social transition or name change on mental health status. These findings identify the need for more research to understand how social transition influences mental health, including longitudinal studies that allow for more confident inferences to be made regarding the relationship between social transition and mental health in young people with gender dysphoria.
Topics: Humans; Male; Child; Female; Adolescent; Gender Identity; Gender Dysphoria; Anxiety; Mental Health; Health Status; Transgender Persons
PubMed: 37014582
DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02588-5 -
American Journal of Physical... Mar 2019We investigate surname affinities among areas of modern-day China, by constructing a spatial network, and making community detection. It reports a geographical genealogy...
OBJECTIVE
We investigate surname affinities among areas of modern-day China, by constructing a spatial network, and making community detection. It reports a geographical genealogy of the Chinese population that is result of population origins, historical migrations, and societal evolutions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We acquire data from the census records supplied by China's National Citizen Identity Information System, including the surname and regional information of 1.28 billion registered Chinese citizens. We propose a multilayer minimum spanning tree (MMST) to construct a spatial network based on the matrix of isonymic distances, which is often used to characterize the dissimilarity of surname structure among areas. We use the fast unfolding algorithm to detect network communities.
RESULTS
We obtain a 10-layer MMST network of 362 prefecture nodes and 3,610 edges derived from the matrix of the Euclidean distances among these areas. These prefectures are divided into eight groups in the spatial network via community detection. We measure the partition by comparing the inter-distances and intra-distances of the communities and obtain meaningful regional ethnicity classification.
DISCUSSION
The visualization of the resulting communities on the map indicates that the prefectures in the same community are usually geographically adjacent. The formation of this partition is influenced by geographical factors, historic migrations, trade and economic factors, as well as isolation of culture and language. The MMST algorithm proves to be effective in geo-genealogy and ethnicity classification for it retains essential information about surname affinity and highlights the geographical consanguinity of the population.
Topics: Algorithms; Anthropology; Asian People; China; Demography; Ethnicity; Humans; Models, Statistical; Names
PubMed: 30586153
DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23755 -
Kidney International Jul 2010Chronic kidney disease, as defined by albuminuria or decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), affects 11.6% of the adult population in the United States.... (Review)
Review
Chronic kidney disease, as defined by albuminuria or decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), affects 11.6% of the adult population in the United States. CKD frequently occurs in association with diabetes and hypertension, suggesting that vascular disease is a likely cause in many people. We provide data on the frequency of diabetes, hypertension, or both, according to albumin-to-creatinine ratio and eGFR, and review the rationale for retaining the current name.
Topics: Adult; Albuminuria; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Names; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; United States
PubMed: 20428101
DOI: 10.1038/ki.2010.115 -
PloS One 2018Chosen names reflect changes in societal values, personal tastes and cultural diversity. Vogues in name usage can be easily shown on a case by case basis, by plotting...
Chosen names reflect changes in societal values, personal tastes and cultural diversity. Vogues in name usage can be easily shown on a case by case basis, by plotting the rise and fall in their popularity over time. However, individual name choices are not made in isolation and trends in naming are better understood as group-level phenomena. Here we use network analysis to examine onomastic (name) datasets in order to explore the influences on name choices within the UK over the last 170 years. Using a large representative sample of approximately 22 million forenames from England and Wales given between 1838 and 2014, along with a complete population sample of births registered between 1996 and 2016, we demonstrate how trends in name usage can be visualised as network graphs. By exploring the structure of these graphs various patterns of name use become apparent, a consequence of external social forces, such as migration, operating in concert with internal mechanisms of change. In general, we show that the topology of network graphs can reveal naming vogues, and that naming vogues in part reflect social and demographic changes. Many name choices are consistent with a self-correcting feedback loop, whereby rarer names become common because there are virtues perceived in their rarity, yet with these perceived virtues lost upon increasing commonality. Towards the present day, we can speculate that the comparatively greater range of media, freedom of movement, and ability to maintain globally-distributed social networks increases the number of possible names, but also ensures they may more quickly be perceived as commonplace. Consequently, contemporary naming vogues are relatively short-lived with many name choices appearing a balance struck between recognisability and rarity. The data are available in multiple forms including via an easy-to-use web interface at http://demos.flourish.studio/namehistory.
Topics: Databases, Factual; Demography; Female; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Male; Names; Socioeconomic Factors; United Kingdom
PubMed: 30379928
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205759 -
Journal of Graduate Medical Education Apr 2021Increasing numbers of transgender and nonbinary (TNB) people seek careers in medicine, but little is known about their experiences and the effect of their gender...
BACKGROUND
Increasing numbers of transgender and nonbinary (TNB) people seek careers in medicine, but little is known about their experiences and the effect of their gender identity during residency application.
OBJECTIVE
This project sought to evaluate the experiences and needs of TNB individuals during the residency application and Match process in order to inform the practice of residency programs.
METHODS
An online survey was distributed in 2019 via social media, professional groups, and snowball sampling to TNB persons, who were current residents or recent graduates (within the past 3 years) of a US residency program.
RESULTS
Twenty-six eligible respondents from 10 medical specialties completed the survey. Eighteen (69.2%) respondents felt unsafe disclosing their gender identity or discussing it during interviews some or all of the time due to fear of discrimination and how it might affect their match; 26.9% (7 of 26) felt they were ranked lower than their qualifications due to their gender identity. Eleven (42.3%) were misnamed or misgendered some or all of the time during interviews through use of incorrect name and pronouns. Respondents' recommendations for programs included: (1) adopt gender-affirming practices; (2) offer gender-affirming health benefits; (3) advertise nondiscrimination policies; (4) understand experiences of discrimination during medical training; and (5) value resident gender diversity.
CONCLUSIONS
TNB residents and recent graduates perceived gender identity discrimination during residency application, including feeling unsafe to disclose their gender identity and being misnamed or misgendered. Suggestions for programs to improve the experience of TNB applicants are included.
Topics: Female; Gender Identity; Humans; Internship and Residency; Male; Physicians; Surveys and Questionnaires; Transgender Persons
PubMed: 33897953
DOI: 10.4300/JGME-D-20-00384.1 -
Bulletin of the Medical Library... Oct 1955
Topics: Abstracting and Indexing; Child; Humans; Names; Pediatrics; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 13260822
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Nov 1963
Topics: Child; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Names; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 14077805
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5366.1201-b -
Clinical Journal of the American... Sep 2022Gender-affirming hormone therapy modifies body composition and lean muscle mass in transgender persons. We sought to characterize the change in serum creatinine, other... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Gender-affirming hormone therapy modifies body composition and lean muscle mass in transgender persons. We sought to characterize the change in serum creatinine, other kidney function biomarkers, and GFR in transgender persons initiating masculinizing and feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy.
DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to September 16, 2020 for randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case series that evaluated the change in serum creatinine, other kidney function biomarkers, and GFR before and after the initiation of gender-affirming hormone therapy in adult transgender persons. Two reviewers independently screened and abstracted data, and disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. A random effects meta-analysis was performed to determine the change in outcomes over follow-up of 3, 6, and 12 months.
RESULTS
Of the 4758 eligible studies, 26 met the inclusion criteria, including nine studies that recruited 488 transgender men and 593 women in which data were meta-analyzed. There was heterogeneity in study design, populations, gender-affirming hormone therapy routes, and dosing. At 12 months after initiating gender-affirming hormone therapy, serum creatinine increased by 0.15 mg/dl (95% confidence interval, 0.00 to 0.29) in 370 transgender men and decreased by -0.05 mg/dl (95% confidence interval, -0.16 to 0.05) in 361 transgender women. No study reported the effect of gender-affirming hormone therapy on albuminuria, proteinuria, cystatin C, or measured GFR.
CONCLUSIONS
Gender-affirming hormone therapy increases serum creatinine in transgender men and does not affect serum creatinine in transgender women. The effect on gender-affirming hormone therapy on other kidney function biomarkers and measured GFR is unknown.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER
Change in Kidney Function Biomarkers in Transgender Persons on Gender Affirmation Hormone Therapy-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, CRD42020214248.
Topics: Male; Adult; Humans; Female; Creatinine; Transsexualism; Biomarkers; Hormones; Kidney
PubMed: 35973728
DOI: 10.2215/CJN.01890222 -
PloS One 2018This paper examines the association between given and family names and self-ascribed ethnicity as classified by the 2011 Census of Population for England and Wales....
This paper examines the association between given and family names and self-ascribed ethnicity as classified by the 2011 Census of Population for England and Wales. Using Census data in an innovative way under the new Office for National Statistics (ONS) Secure Research Service (SRS; previously the ONS Virtual Microdata Laboratory, VML), we investigate how bearers of a full range of given and family names assigned themselves to 2011 Census categories, using a names classification tool previously described in this journal. Based on these results, we develop a follow-up ethnicity estimation tool and describe how the tool may be used to observe changing relations between naming practices and ethnic identities as a facet of social integration and cosmopolitanism in an increasingly diverse society.
Topics: Acculturation; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Algorithms; Censuses; Cluster Analysis; England; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Male; Marital Status; Middle Aged; Models, Psychological; Names; Sex Factors; Wales; Young Adult
PubMed: 30092008
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201774