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Proceedings of the National Academy of... Sep 1998
Review
Topics: Cell Line; China; Ethnicity; Genetic Variation; Genome, Human; Humans; Language; Microsatellite Repeats; Names
PubMed: 9751692
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.20.11501 -
BMC Medical Informatics and Decision... Dec 2022Named entity recognition (NER) of electronic medical records is an important task in clinical medical research. Although deep learning combined with pretraining models...
BACKGROUND
Named entity recognition (NER) of electronic medical records is an important task in clinical medical research. Although deep learning combined with pretraining models performs well in recognizing entities in clinical texts, because Chinese electronic medical records have a special text structure and vocabulary distribution, general pretraining models cannot effectively incorporate entities and medical domain knowledge into representation learning; separate deep network models lack the ability to fully extract rich features in complex texts, which negatively affects the named entity recognition of electronic medical records.
METHODS
To better represent electronic medical record text, we extract the text's local features and multilevel sequence interaction information to improve the effectiveness of electronic medical record named entity recognition. This paper proposes a hybrid neural network model based on medical MC-BERT, namely, the MC-BERT + BiLSTM + CNN + MHA + CRF model. First, MC-BERT is used as the word embedding model of the text to obtain the word vector, and then BiLSTM and CNN obtain the feature information of the forward and backward directions of the word vector and the local context to obtain the corresponding feature vector. After merging the two feature vectors, they are sent to multihead self-attention (MHA) to obtain multilevel semantic features, and finally, CRF is used to decode the features and predict the label sequence.
RESULTS
The experiments show that the F1 values of our proposed hybrid neural network model based on MC-BERT reach 94.22%, 86.47%, and 92.28% on the CCKS-2017, CCKS-2019 and cEHRNER datasets, respectively. Compared with the general-domain BERT-based BiLSTM + CRF, our F1 values increased by 0.89%, 1.65% and 2.63%. Finally, we analyzed the effect of an unbalanced number of entities in the electronic medical records on the results of the NER experiment.
Topics: Humans; Electronic Health Records; Names; Neural Networks, Computer; Asian People; China
PubMed: 36457119
DOI: 10.1186/s12911-022-02059-2 -
Journal of Pediatric Nursing 2021Transgender populations experience health inequities that underscore the importance of ensuring access to high quality care. We thematically summarize the health care...
PURPOSE
Transgender populations experience health inequities that underscore the importance of ensuring access to high quality care. We thematically summarize the health care experiences of transgender youth living in the southeast United States to identify potential barriers and facilitators to health care.
DESIGN AND METHODS
Transgender youth recruited from community settings in an urban area of the southeast United States participated in individual interviews (n = 33) and focus groups (n = 9) about protective factors. We conducted a thematic analysis of data from 42 participants who described their experiences seeking and receiving health care.
RESULTS
Participants reported a wide range of gender identities. The individual interview sample was majority Black (54.5%) and the mean age was 21.7 years and focus group participants were all white and the mean age was 16.8 years. Participants described numerous barriers to health care, including limited availability of gender affirming care, logistical challenges, such as gatekeeping and cost, concerns about confidentiality in relation to sexual behavior and gender identity, and inadequate cultural competency among providers regarding gender-affirming care. Facilitators included intake procedures collecting chosen pronouns and names and consistent use of them by providers, and open communication, including active listening.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings underscore the need for a multi-component approach to ensure both transgender- and youth-friendly care.
PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
Providers and office staff may benefit from transgender cultural competency trainings. In addition, clinic protocols relating to confidentiality and chosen name and pronoun use may help facilitate access to and receipt of quality care.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Gender Identity; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Male; Qualitative Research; Sexual Behavior; Transgender Persons; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 33186863
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2020.09.021 -
Journal of Religion and Health Jun 2021Visibility for transgender and gender nonconforming people and the elderly is growing; however, thus far the overlap of the two groups has rarely been considered. Trans...
Visibility for transgender and gender nonconforming people and the elderly is growing; however, thus far the overlap of the two groups has rarely been considered. Trans persons therefore remain largely invisible in the context of older people's care and medicine. The discrimination faced by this group is at least twofold: they are the targets of aggression incited by transphobia, and also by ageism. Although older trans and gender nonconforming people exist as a greatly marginalized group within another already marginalized group, even the field of theological ethics has neglected to grant them ethical attention. This leads to especially harsh consequences for elderly transgender and gender nonconforming people due to their specific vulnerabilities. There are reports from trans persons who have resolved never to make use of health services again due to regular experiences of transphobia in medical settings. There are religious components within transgender and gender nonconforming issues that should not be overlooked in this context. On the one hand, medical staff, in the name of their Christian beliefs, have refused to provide trans persons with basic medical care. On the other hand, demands for places of visibility, and spaces for the individual, are regularly made in trans-positive studies, and can be linked to discussions within theological ethics about giving space. Some ethical formulas within the Hebrew and Christian traditions focus on the creation of space in which other beings may exist, as found in concepts like brother-sisterhood, friendship, and Sabbath. By casting light on elderly trans and gender nonconforming people, and on their demands for space, via reflections on ethical concepts of space-making, this study develops a specific understanding of space for elderly trans persons. The paper aims to develop an understanding of trans-positive spaces within theological ethics and applied ethics. Spaces that assume a withdrawal or contraction by all those who have previously taken up trans spaces through ignorance, contempt, or violence, should not thereby become spaces of absence: indeed, elderly trans and gender nonconforming people might be in need of both kinds of spaces, those where otherness enables withdrawal, and those where the helping presence of others continues.
Topics: Aged; Delivery of Health Care; Gender Identity; Humans; Male; Morals; Transgender Persons; Transsexualism
PubMed: 33106927
DOI: 10.1007/s10943-020-01101-9 -
The Israel Medical Association Journal... Oct 2020
Topics: Eponyms; Humans; Prisoners of War; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 33070496
DOI: No ID Found -
Medicine Dec 2020This study aimed to clarify the neural correlates and underlying mechanisms of the subject's own name (SON) and the unique name derived from the SON (SDN).
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to clarify the neural correlates and underlying mechanisms of the subject's own name (SON) and the unique name derived from the SON (SDN).
METHODS
A name that was most familiar to the subject (SFN) was added as a self-related reference. We used 4 auditory stimuli-pure tone (1000 Hz), SON, SDN, and SFN-to evaluate the corresponding activated brain areas in 19 healthy subjects by using functional magnetic resonance imaging.
RESULTS
Our results demonstrated that pure tone activated the fewest brain regions. Although SFN was a very strong self-related stimulus, it failed to activate many midline structures. The brain regions activated by SON and SDN were very similar. SFN as a self-related stimulus was less self-related compared with SDN. What's more, the additionally activated fusiform gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus of SDN might revealed its processing path.
CONCLUSIONS
SDN, which has created by us, is a new and self-related stimulus similar to SON. They might provide a useful reference for consciousness assessment with SON and SDN.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Names; Speech Perception; Unconsciousness; Young Adult
PubMed: 33371101
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000023658 -
PloS One 2023Investors perceive stocks of companies with fluent names as more profitable. This perception may result from two different channels: a direct, non-deliberate affect...
Investors perceive stocks of companies with fluent names as more profitable. This perception may result from two different channels: a direct, non-deliberate affect toward fluent names or a deliberate interpretation of fluent names as a signal for company quality. We use preregistered experiments to disentangle these channels and test their limitations. Our results indicate the existence of a significant non-deliberate fluency effect, while the deliberate fluency effect can be activated and deactivated in boundary cases. Both effects are consistent across different groups of participants. However, whereas the fluency effect is strong in isolation, it has limitations when investors are confronted with additional information about the stock.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Young Adult; Commerce; Investments; Names
PubMed: 37585410
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287995 -
Behavioural Neurology 2012It is generally accepted that the anterior temporal lobes support knowledge of famous people. The specific roles of the right and left temporal lobe remain a subject of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
It is generally accepted that the anterior temporal lobes support knowledge of famous people. The specific roles of the right and left temporal lobe remain a subject of debate, with some studies suggesting differential roles based on modality (visual versus verbal information) and others category (person knowledge versus general semantics). The present study re-examined performance of semantic dementia patients with predominantly right and predominantly left temporal lobe atrophy on famous face, famous name and general semantic tasks, with the specific aim of testing the hypothesis that the right temporal lobe has a privileged role for person knowledge and the left temporal lobe for general semantic knowledge. Comparisons of performance rankings across tasks showed no evidence to support this hypothesis. By contrast, there was robust evidence from naming, identification and familiarity measures for modality effects: right-sided atrophy being associated with relatively greater impairment for faces and visual tasks and left-sided atrophy for names and verbal tasks. A double dissociation in test scores in two patients reinforced these findings. The data present a challenge for the influential `semantic hub' model, which views the anterior temporal lobes as an area of convergence in which semantic information is represented in amodal form.
Topics: Aged; Atrophy; Auditory Perception; Face; Female; Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration; Functional Laterality; Humans; Male; Names; Neuropsychological Tests; Psychomotor Performance; Recognition, Psychology; Semantics; Temporal Lobe; Visual Perception
PubMed: 22207421
DOI: 10.3233/BEN-2012-0347 -
Neuropsychologia 2008Memory processes can be enhanced by reward, and social signals such a smiling face can be rewarding to humans. Using event-related functional MRI (fMRI), we investigated...
Memory processes can be enhanced by reward, and social signals such a smiling face can be rewarding to humans. Using event-related functional MRI (fMRI), we investigated the rewarding effect of a simple smile during the encoding and retrieval of face-name associations. During encoding, participants viewed smiling or neutral faces, each paired with a name, and during retrieval, only names were presented, and participants retrieved the associated facial expressions. Successful memory activity of face-name associations was identified by comparing remembered vs. forgotten trials during both encoding and retrieval, and the effect of a smile was identified by comparing successful memory trials for smiling vs. neutral faces. The study yielded three main findings. First, behavioral results showed that the retrieval of face-name associations was more accurate and faster for smiling than neutral faces. Second, the orbitofrontal cortex and the hippocampus showed successful encoding and retrieval activations, which were greater for smiling than neutral faces. Third, functional connectivity between the orbitofrontal cortex and the hippocampus during successful encoding and retrieval was stronger for smiling than neutral faces. As a part of the reward system, the orbitofrontal cortex may modulate memory processes of face-name associations mediated by the hippocampus. Interestingly, the effect of a smile during retrieval was found even though only names were presented as retrieval cues, suggesting that the effect was mediated by face imagery. Taken together, the results demonstrate how rewarding social signals from a smiling face can enhance relational memory for face-name associations.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Association; Association Learning; Facial Expression; Female; Frontal Lobe; Hippocampus; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Memory; Names; Recognition, Psychology; Reward; Smiling; Task Performance and Analysis; Visual Perception
PubMed: 18455740
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.03.013 -
BMC Medical Research Methodology Jul 2019Postal surveys are widely used in scientific studies, including dietary surveys, but few studies about methods to increase participation in national dietary surveys are... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Postal surveys are widely used in scientific studies, including dietary surveys, but few studies about methods to increase participation in national dietary surveys are published. In the present study we compared response rates in a pilot study to a national dietary survey among infants using two different incentives (gift certificate or lottery), personalization in the form of handwritten name and address vs. a printed label and mode of sending out invitations (e-mail or postal invitation).
METHODS
In this parallel-design pseudo-randomized pilot trial, a nationally representative sample of 698 mothers of infants aged 6 and 12 months was drawn from the Norwegian National Registry and invited to complete a food frequency questionnaire about their infant's diet. One half of the mothers of 6 month olds were randomized by alternation to the lottery group (n = 198) and offered to participate in a lottery of two prizes (500 EUR and 1000 EUR). The other half (n = 200) was offered a gift certificate (50 EUR) upon completion of the questionnaire. Each incentive group was randomized by alternation to receiving an invitation with handwritten name and address or a printed label. For the mothers of infants aged 12 months (n = 300), 150 mothers received an e-mail invitation and 150 mothers received a postal invitation. Logistic regression was used for testing differences between the groups.
RESULTS
The response rate was significantly higher (p = 0.028) in the gift certificate group (72%) than in the lottery group (62%). No difference was seen between those receiving an invitation with a handwritten name and address (68%) compared to a printed label (66%, p = 0.72). A somewhat higher response rate was seen when using the postal (50%) compared to the e-mail invitation (43%, p = 0.25).
CONCLUSIONS
In this pseudo-randomized parallel-design trial of women participating in a national dietary survey among infants, the response rate was higher when offered a gift certificate than when participating in a lottery. Handwritten name and address did not affect participation compared to a printed label. Only a moderate difference was seen between the postal and e-mail invitation. Others conducting similar methodological studies are encouraged to publish their results to expand the knowledge basis in this area.
Topics: Correspondence as Topic; Diet Surveys; Electronic Mail; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Mothers; Motivation; Norway; Pilot Projects; Postal Service; Registries; Token Economy
PubMed: 31288751
DOI: 10.1186/s12874-019-0789-6