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The Ulster Medical Journal Sep 2020David Alexander Draffin was an Irish ENT surgeon and inventor of the internationally famous ENT instrument used in tonsillectomy, which carries his name and is called...
David Alexander Draffin was an Irish ENT surgeon and inventor of the internationally famous ENT instrument used in tonsillectomy, which carries his name and is called Draffin's rods. His story is not as well-known as his eponymous ENT instrument and this article attempts to shed a light into his life. He studied in Queen's University in Belfast and was a medical officer in World War II. During that time, he demonstrated great courage and spirit. On his return from the war, he worked in many hospitals as an ENT surgeon and published multiple articles. His career was an unconventional one though, since due to multiple extracurricular activities he never became a consultant! He was actually struck off the medical register for drink-driving charges just a little before his early death. His life was evidence of his bravery, innovative spirit and mischief and his legacy shaped the way tonsillectomies are done to this day.
Topics: Eponyms; History, 20th Century; Ireland; Military Medicine; Otolaryngologists; Otolaryngology; Surgical Instruments; Tonsillectomy
PubMed: 33093697
DOI: No ID Found -
Scientific Reports Jul 2019Humans recognize the self in various visual domains, such as faces, names, and motions, as well as in products, such as handwritten letters. Previous studies have...
Humans recognize the self in various visual domains, such as faces, names, and motions, as well as in products, such as handwritten letters. Previous studies have indicated that these various domains of self are represented differently in the brain, i.e., domain-specific self-representation. However, it remains unclear whether these differences in brain activation are due to the processing of different visual features or to differential self-processing among the domains, because the studies used different types of visual stimuli. The present study evaluated event-related potentials (ERPs) while participants were presented with their own and others' names generated by the participants themselves or someone else. Therefore, the visual stimuli included two domains of self-related information, name and motor agent, but only one type of stimulus (handwritten names). The ERP results show that the amplitudes of the P250 component (250-330 ms) in the posterior regions were smaller for self-generated handwritten names than for non-self-generated handwritten names. The results also show that the amplitudes of the P300 component (350-500 ms) were larger for the self-name than for the non-self-name. These results suggest domain-specific processing of self-related information regarding the name and agent of handwritten stimuli.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials; Female; Humans; Male; Names; Photic Stimulation; Self Concept; Young Adult
PubMed: 31263196
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45849-x -
PloS One Jan 2011The present study reports timed norms for 435 object pictures in Mandarin Chinese. These data include naming latency, name agreement, concept agreement, word length, and...
The present study reports timed norms for 435 object pictures in Mandarin Chinese. These data include naming latency, name agreement, concept agreement, word length, and age of acquisition (AoA) based on children's naming and adult ratings, and several other adult ratings of concept familiarity, subjective word frequency, image agreement, image variability, and visual complexity. Furthermore, we examined factors that influence the naming latencies of the pictures. The results show that concept familiarity, AoA, concept agreement, name agreement, and image agreement are significant predictors of naming latencies, whereas subjective word frequency is not a reliable determinant. These results are discussed in light of picture naming data in other languages. An item-based index for the norms is provided in the Table S1.
Topics: Art; Asian People; Culture; Humans; Language; Names; Photography; Visual Perception
PubMed: 21298065
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016505 -
Bulletin of the Medical Library... Oct 1992Syndrome is one of the oldest terms in the medical vocabulary. Traditionally, the term has been used mainly as a designation for complex medical entities, such as...
Syndrome is one of the oldest terms in the medical vocabulary. Traditionally, the term has been used mainly as a designation for complex medical entities, such as multiple abnormalities, that are characterized by clusters of concurring symptoms, usually three or more. During the mid-twentieth century, the meaning and the use of the term were altered. First to take place was an attempt to eliminate physicians' names from syndrome nomenclature, resulting in a significant increase in the use of descriptive designations in proportion to eponyms. But the trend was counterbalanced by the creation of new classes of eponyms. Eponymous syndrome nomenclature now includes the names of literary characters, patients' surnames, subjects of famous paintings, famous persons, geographic locations, institutions, biblical figures, and mythological characters. This was followed by a relaxation in the scope of the definition of syndrome, wherein the term could also be used as a modifier indicating a special (sometimes unspecified) complexity of an already named pathological condition. Eventually syndrome changed from its original use as an exclusively medical term and came to mean anything unusual, abnormal, bizarre, or humorous, whether medical, social, behavioral, or cultural. This unrestrained use of the term is the principal cause of an enormous volume of the sometimes irrelevant syndrome literature cluttering databases in the MEDLARS system and of the deterioration of "SYNDROME" as a specific MeSH term and a useful search parameter.
Topics: Abstracting and Indexing; Databases, Bibliographic; Eponyms; Humans; Information Storage and Retrieval; MEDLARS; Syndrome; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 1422501
DOI: No ID Found -
NeuroImage. Clinical 2017We aimed to identify reorganization processes of episodic memory networks in patients with left and right temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) due to hippocampal sclerosis as...
We aimed to identify reorganization processes of episodic memory networks in patients with left and right temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) due to hippocampal sclerosis as well as their relations to neuropsychological memory performance. We investigated 28 healthy subjects, 12 patients with left TLE (LTLE) and 9 patients with right TLE (RTLE) with hippocampal sclerosis by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using a face-name association task, which combines verbal and non-verbal memory functions. Regions-of-interest (ROIs) were defined based on the group results of the healthy subjects. In each ROI, fMRI activations were compared across groups and correlated with verbal and non-verbal memory scores. The face-name association task yielded activations in bilateral hippocampus (HC), left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), left superior frontal gyrus (SFG), left superior temporal gyrus, bilateral angular gyrus (AG), bilateral medial prefrontal cortex and right anterior temporal lobe (ATL). LTLE patients demonstrated significantly less activation in the left HC and left SFG, whereas RTLE patients showed significantly less activation in the HC bilaterally, the left SFG and right AG. Verbal memory scores correlated with activations in the left and right HC, left SFG and right ATL and non-verbal memory scores with fMRI activations in the left and right HC and left SFG. The face-name association task can be employed to examine functional alterations of hippocampal activation during encoding of both verbal and non-verbal material in one fMRI paradigm. Further, the left SFG seems to be a convergence region for encoding of verbal and non-verbal material.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brain Mapping; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Face; Female; Functional Laterality; Hippocampus; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Memory Disorders; Middle Aged; Names; Neuropsychological Tests; Oxygen; Photic Stimulation; Recognition, Psychology; Sclerosis; Young Adult
PubMed: 28180076
DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.01.021 -
American Family Physician Nov 1998The psychiatric review of symptoms is a useful screening tool for identifying patients who have psychiatric disorders. The approach begins with a mnemonic encompassing... (Review)
Review
The psychiatric review of symptoms is a useful screening tool for identifying patients who have psychiatric disorders. The approach begins with a mnemonic encompassing the major psychiatric disorders: depression, personality disorders, substance abuse disorders, anxiety disorders, somatization disorder, eating disorders, cognitive disorders and psychotic disorders. For each category, an initial screening question is used, with a positive response leading to more detailed diagnostic questions. Useful interviewing techniques include transitioning from one subject to another rather than abruptly changing subjects, normalization (phrasing a question to convey to the patient that such behavior is normal or understandable) and symptom assumption (phrasing a question to imply that it is assumed the patient has engaged in such behavior). The psychiatric review of symptoms is both rapid and thorough, and can be readily incorporated into the standard history and physical examination.
Topics: Abbreviations as Topic; Family Practice; Humans; Interview, Psychological; Mass Screening; Medical History Taking; Mental Disorders; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
PubMed: 9824959
DOI: No ID Found -
NeuroImage. Clinical 2016Deficits in face processing have been described in the behavioral variant of fronto-temporal dementia (bvFTD), primarily regarding the recognition of facial expressions....
Deficits in face processing have been described in the behavioral variant of fronto-temporal dementia (bvFTD), primarily regarding the recognition of facial expressions. Less is known about face shape and face identity processing. Here we used a hierarchical strategy targeting face shape and face identity recognition in bvFTD and matched healthy controls. Participants performed 3 psychophysical experiments targeting face shape detection (Experiment 1), unfamiliar face identity matching (Experiment 2), familiarity categorization and famous face-name matching (Experiment 3). The results revealed group differences only in Experiment 3, with a deficit in the bvFTD group for both familiarity categorization and famous face-name matching. Voxel-based morphometry regression analyses in the bvFTD group revealed an association between grey matter volume of the left ventral anterior temporal lobe and familiarity recognition, while face-name matching correlated with grey matter volume of the bilateral ventral anterior temporal lobes. Subsequently, we quantified familiarity-specific and name-specific recognition deficits as the sum of the celebrities of which respectively only the name or only the familiarity was accurately recognized. Both indices were associated with grey matter volume of the bilateral anterior temporal cortices. These findings extent previous results by documenting the involvement of the left anterior temporal lobe (ATL) in familiarity detection and the right ATL in name recognition deficits in fronto-temporal lobar degeneration.
Topics: Aged; Association; Brain Mapping; Dementia; Facial Expression; Female; Functional Laterality; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Names; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Perceptual Disorders; Photic Stimulation; Recognition, Psychology; Regression Analysis; Statistics, Nonparametric; Temporal Lobe
PubMed: 27298765
DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.03.001 -
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related... May 2016
Topics: Authorship; Biomedical Research; Choice Behavior; Editorial Policies; Humans; Names; Orthopedics; Periodicals as Topic; Registries; Research Personnel; Writing
PubMed: 26913510
DOI: 10.1007/s11999-016-4760-0 -
The Journal of Pediatrics Apr 2017To examine longitudinal patterns of response to name from 6-24 months of age in infants at high and low risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
To examine longitudinal patterns of response to name from 6-24 months of age in infants at high and low risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
STUDY DESIGN
A response to name task was tested at 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 months of age in 156 infant siblings of children with ASD (high-risk) or typical development (low-risk). At 36 months of age, participants were classified into 1 of 3 outcome groups: group with ASD (n = 20), high-risk group without ASD (n = 76), or low-risk group without ASD (n = 60). Differences in longitudinal performance were assessed using generalized estimating equations, and sensitivity and specificity for identifying ASD were calculated. Differences in age 36-month functioning were examined between infants who developed ASD and repeatedly vs infrequently failed to respond to name.
RESULTS
At 9 months of age, infants developing ASD were more likely to fail to orient to their names, persisting through 24 months. Sensitivity/specificity for identifying ASD based on at least 1 failure between 12 and 24 months were estimated at .70 in this sample. One-half of the infants who developed ASD had repeated failures in this timeframe, and demonstrated lower age 36-month receptive language, and earlier diagnosis of ASD than infants with ASD who had infrequent failures.
CONCLUSIONS
In addition to recommended routine broad-based and ASD-specific screening, response to name should be regularly monitored in infants at risk for ASD. Infants who consistently fail to respond to their names in the second year of life may be at risk not only for ASD but also for greater impairment by age 3 years.
Topics: Age Factors; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Cohort Studies; Early Diagnosis; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Mass Screening; Names; Predictive Value of Tests; Prospective Studies; Psychometrics; Risk Assessment; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severity of Illness Index; Siblings
PubMed: 28162768
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.12.071 -
Anaesthesia Feb 2017People can hear and pay attention to familiar terms such as their own name better than general terms, referred to as the cocktail party effect. We performed a... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
People can hear and pay attention to familiar terms such as their own name better than general terms, referred to as the cocktail party effect. We performed a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial to investigate whether calling the patient's name compared with a general term facilitated a patient's response and recovery from general anaesthesia. We enrolled women having breast cancer surgery with general anaesthesia using propofol and remifentanil. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups depending on whether the patient's name or a general term was called, followed by the verbal command - 'open your eyes!' - during emergence from anaesthesia; this pre-recorded sentence was played to the patient using headphones. Fifty patients were allocated to the name group and 51 to the control group. Our primary outcome was the time from discontinuation of anaesthesia until eye opening. The mean (SD) time was 337 (154) s in the name group and 404 (170) s in the control group (p = 0.041). The time to i-gel removal was 385 (152) vs. 454 (173) s (p = 0.036), the time until achieving a bispectral index of 60 was 174 (133) vs. 205 (160) s (p = 0.3), and the length of stay in the postanaesthesia care unit was 43.8 (3.4) vs. 47.3 (7.1) min (p = 0.005), respectively. In conclusion, using the patient's name may be an easy and effective method to facilitate recovery from general anaesthesia.
Topics: Adult; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Names; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 27786358
DOI: 10.1111/anae.13688