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International Dental Journal Oct 2022The aim of this work was to review the protocol of the use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for arresting caries, specifically the application time. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this work was to review the protocol of the use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for arresting caries, specifically the application time.
METHOD
Two researchers searched manufacturers' instructions, YouTube videos, and 5 databases (Embase, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). Manufacturers' instructions, videos from national dental organisations, and peer-reviewed journal articles that published the SDF application protocol in English for arresting caries were selected.
RESULTS
The review included 14 protocols from 15 publications from 4 manufacturers, 3 dental associations, and 7 author teams (one team had 2 articles). The American Dental Association and the British Society of Paediatric Dentistry provided their SDF application protocols on YouTube. The American Academy of Paediatric Dentistry and 7 author teams published their protocols in journal articles. Seven publications suggested an SDF application time of 60 seconds. Seven publications suggested a time range of 10 seconds to 240 seconds. Two publications suggested caries excavation, but 4 publications suggested no caries excavation before SDF application. The procedures from at least 5 publications involved protecting the gingiva with petroleum jelly, isolating the carious tooth with cotton rolls, drying the carious lesion with a 3-in-1 syringe, applying SDF solution with a micro brush for 60 seconds, removing excess SDF solution with gauze, and applying fluoride varnish to the SDF-treated lesion.
CONCLUSIONS
Although the SDF application protocol is simple and straightforward, the published protocols could be different. Most publications suggested an SDF application time of 60 seconds, which can be long, particularly for young children and older adults.
Topics: Aged; Cariostatic Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Petrolatum; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Silver Compounds
PubMed: 35843730
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.06.006 -
Archives of Razi Institute Aug 2022Mineral oil as a barrier can minimize temperature, osmolality, and pH fluctuation of the media in the embryo production system (IVP). Regardless of these advantages,... (Review)
Review
Mineral oil as a barrier can minimize temperature, osmolality, and pH fluctuation of the media in the embryo production system (IVP). Regardless of these advantages, mineral oil quality is varied and may deteriorate during storage or transport conditions. So, it can affect the IVP outcome by absorbing the essentials factors or realizing the toxic components into the media. Although, some methods have already been developed to reduce these side effects, still there is a big concern about the safety and use of mineral oil in the IVP system. In this review, we provided an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of using mineral oil in the IVP system. We also reviewed available methods for its quality control and finally, we introduced some methods for reducing the side effects of mineral oil.
Topics: Animals; Mineral Oil; Temperature
PubMed: 36883153
DOI: 10.22092/ARI.2022.358955.2343 -
The Western Journal of Medicine Aug 1983Psoriasis is a common papulosquamous skin disease which frequently presents a therapeutic challenge to physicians. Topical therapy with steroids, coal tars and anthralin... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Psoriasis is a common papulosquamous skin disease which frequently presents a therapeutic challenge to physicians. Topical therapy with steroids, coal tars and anthralin are effective when used properly for many patients. More severely affected patients may require phototherapy using coal tars and anthralin plus ultraviolet radiation. Systemic methotrexate administration is indicated for some patients with severe skin and arthropathic psoriasis. Treatment using psoralen and long-wavelength ultraviolet phototherapy has recently been approved and is effective in many patients, but long-term safety remains a question. Synthetic retinoids are experimental drugs currently being evaluated for severe forms of psoriasis.
Topics: Coal Tar; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Methotrexate; PUVA Therapy; Petrolatum; Psoriasis; Retinoids; Ultraviolet Therapy
PubMed: 6195826
DOI: No ID Found -
Turkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi Mar 2021Phthiriasis palpebrarum is a rare eyelid infestation caused by (pubic lice) that is often confused with other causes of blepharoconjunctivitis. In this study, we report...
Phthiriasis palpebrarum is a rare eyelid infestation caused by (pubic lice) that is often confused with other causes of blepharoconjunctivitis. In this study, we report the case of a 49-year-old male patient with phthiriasis palpebrarum who presented with itching and eye irritation in the left eye and had undergone treatment for conjunctivitis in the past month. Biomicroscopic examination revealed a dense population of motile and translucent lice and eggs, more intensely on the upper lid. For treatment, the lice were first cleaned mechanically, eyelashes were cut from the bottom, and eggs and lice were removed from the eye, after which petrolatum jelly (vsaseline) was applied to the lids for 10 days. In the control examination, no lice and eggs were observed.
Topics: Animals; Blepharitis; Eyelashes; Humans; Lice Infestations; Male; Middle Aged; Petrolatum; Phthirus; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33685072
DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2020.6937 -
Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the... 2011Adjuvant is originated from the Latin word "adjuvare" which means "help" in English to enhance the immunological responses when given together with antigens. The... (Review)
Review
Adjuvant is originated from the Latin word "adjuvare" which means "help" in English to enhance the immunological responses when given together with antigens. The beginning of adjuvant was mineral oil which enhanced the immune response when it was given with inactivated Salmonella typhimurium. Aluminium salt was used to precipitate diphtheria toxoid and increased level of antibody response was demonstrated when administered with alum-precipitated antigens. Since 1930, aluminium salt has been used as DTaP (diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine) adjuvant. Many candidates were tested for adjuvant activity but only aluminum salt is allowed to use for human vaccines. New adjuvant MF59, oil-in-water emulsion type, was developed for influenza vaccine for elderly (Fluad) and series of AS adjuvant are used for hepatitis B, pandemic flue, and human papiloma virus vaccines. Oil-adjuvanted influenza pandemic vaccines induced higher antibody response than alum-adjuvanted vaccine with higher incidence of adverse events, especially for local reactions. Alum-adjuvanted whole virion inactivated H5N1 vaccine was developed in Japan, and it induced relatively well immune responses in adults. When it applied for children, febrile reaction was noted in approximately 60% of the subjects, with higher antibodies. Recent investigation on innate immunity demonstrates that adjuvant activity is initiated from the stimulation on innate immunity and/or inflammasome, resulting in cytokine induction and antigen uptake by monocytes and macrophages. The probable reason for high incidence of febrile reaction should be investigated to develop a safe and effective influenza vaccine.
Topics: Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Adult; Aluminum Compounds; Antigens; Child; Cytokines; Drug Design; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Inflammasomes; Influenza Vaccines; Macrophages; Mineral Oil; Monocytes; Toll-Like Receptors
PubMed: 22129866
DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.131.1723 -
Journal of Taibah University Medical... Jun 2022Facemask use is essential for managing the COVID-19 pandemic, but may cause facial dermopathy. Topical creams may minimise facemask complications. This clinical study...
OBJECTIVES
Facemask use is essential for managing the COVID-19 pandemic, but may cause facial dermopathy. Topical creams may minimise facemask complications. This clinical study explores the impact of different topical creams on facemask tolerability and complications.
METHODS
This was a prospective observational study involving 80 adults. Participants voluntarily chose and used topical creams during facemask use. Data were collected using validated scales before and after topical cream application.
RESULTS
About 23.8% of the participants used lidocaine gel, 17.5% used petrolatum, 16.2% used hydrocortisone cream, 16.2% used diphenhydramine cream, 13.8% used arnica cream, and 12.5% used zinc oxide cream. Duration of facemask use was 6 h amongst staff and 4 h amongst patients, and was similar both with and without topical cream. Facial temperature rise was lower with all creams ( = 0.033), as was facial redness ( = 0.037) and facial pain ( = 0.025). Facemask compliance was better for all creams ( = 0.015). The facial temperature rise was the lowest with topical lidocaine ( = 0.021). Early facial redness was lowest with topical hydrocortisone or diphenhydramine ( = 0.042). Severe redness was lowest with topical hydrocortisone or zinc oxide ( = 0.044). Facemask pain was lowest with topical lidocaine ( = 0.035), and facemask compliance was best with topical lidocaine ( = 0.001). Petrolatum had the best user satisfaction and odour ratings ( = 0.041).
CONCLUSION
Topical creams minimise facemask complications, thereby promoting compliance; topical lidocaine was the most effective in reducing pain and enabling facemask compliance. Topical hydrocortisone, diphenhydramine, and zinc oxide were effective in reducing facial redness, and topical petrolatum produced the best user satisfaction.
PubMed: 35250427
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.12.012 -
Journal of Oleo Science Mar 2022Transdermal administration represents a major advancement over traditional pharmaceutical dosing methods. However, a frequent issue is inadequate penetration of the...
Transdermal administration represents a major advancement over traditional pharmaceutical dosing methods. However, a frequent issue is inadequate penetration of the active medicinal component through the skin. As a result, in the current research, we assessed the utility of newly developed petrolatum-liquid crystal (LC) ointment formulations and characterized their biocompatibility and function in the transdermal drug delivery system. To begin, we made petrolatum-LC formulations using p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) as a hydrophilic model molecule. The viscosity, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), particle diameters, and z-potential were measured to assess the physicochemical properties of the formulations. A dialysis release technique was used to evaluate medication release from petrolatum-LC formulations. In vitro testing was performed to determine the potential to enhance skin penetration. The biocompatibility of the produced formulations was further tested using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and single-cell gel electrophoresis. According to the results, the novel petrolatum-LC formulations are biocompatible and effective in forming hexosomes. PABA skin penetration was significantly enhanced by the new petrolatum-LC formulations. According to this study, petroleum-LC formulations are more efficient than commercial petrolatum in terms of skin permeability improvement and PABA skin concentration.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Liquid Crystals; Petrolatum; Scattering, Small Angle; Skin; Skin Absorption; X-Ray Diffraction
PubMed: 35173089
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21344 -
JAMA Otolaryngology-- Head & Neck... Jun 2020The fibula free flap donor site is associated with both short-term and long-term morbidity. Split-thickness skin graft (STSG) loss can lead to long delays in donor site...
IMPORTANCE
The fibula free flap donor site is associated with both short-term and long-term morbidity. Split-thickness skin graft (STSG) loss can lead to long delays in donor site healing and is associated with significant adverse sequelae. Patients may experience initial good STSG uptake after bolster removal but may have subsequent partial or total loss related to contact pressure or shearing.
OBJECTIVE
To determine if increased duration of bolster use is associated with increased STSG uptake rates following fibula free flap reconstruction.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This retrospective cohort study included patients 18 years and older undergoing fibula free flap reconstruction following head and neck extirpative surgery at a tertiary care academic medical center from May 2013 to March 2019. The donor sites were photographed 4 weeks postoperatively, and areas of graft uptake were measured using image processing software. The baseline demographic, comorbidity, and operative characteristics were also collected.
INTERVENTIONS
A fine mesh gauze with 3% bismuth tribromophenate and petrolatum blend bolster was sutured over leg STSGs placed on fibula free flap donor sites intraoperatively, and the ankle and lower leg were immobilized for 5 days in a plaster splint. Bolsters were either removed on postoperative day 5 or 14. Thereafter, the STSGs were covered with a petroleum and bismuth gauze and a cotton dressing.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Rates of donor site infection and STSG percentage uptake at 4 weeks.
RESULTS
Of the 42 included patients, 31 (74%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 62.1 (13.1) years. A total of 20 patients were included in the 5-day group, and 22 were included in the 14-day group. The 14-day bolster group had a higher mean percentage skin graft uptake rate compared with the 5-day bolster duration group (77.5% vs 59.9%), with an effect size of -0.632 (95% CI, -1.260 to -0.004). Patients with Adult Comorbidity Evalution-27 scores of 3 had poorer rates of STSG uptake compared with patients with Adult Comorbidity Evalution-27 scores of 0 to 2 (65.9% vs 82.9%), with an effect size of 0.599 (95% CI, -0.191 to 1.389). No donor site infections were noted in either group.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Fourteen-day bolster application to the fibula free flap donor site was associated with better STSG uptake rates than 5-day bolster application.
Topics: Aged; Bandages; Female; Fibula; Free Tissue Flaps; Graft Survival; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ointment Bases; Petrolatum; Phenols; Postoperative Complications; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Retrospective Studies; Skin Transplantation; Splints; Time Factors; Transplant Donor Site; Wound Healing
PubMed: 32297916
DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2020.0160 -
Central European Journal of Public... Sep 2022This study aimed to assess the predictors of allergic sensitisation to titanium and nickel in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to assess the predictors of allergic sensitisation to titanium and nickel in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
METHODS
A total of 250 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were invited to participate, and 235 were analysed (67% females). A patch test was performed using nickel sulphate, titanium, titanium dioxide, titanium oxalate, titanium nitride, and petrolatum as control. In addition, clinical signs of the oral mucosa, gingiva, tongue, lips, and allergological history were assessed.
RESULTS
The predictors of metal allergic sensitisation in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were adult age (OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.2-5.5; p = 0.016), female sex (OR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.1-7.9; p = 0.025), exfoliative cheilitis (OR = 4.8; 95% CI: 1.9-12.4; p = 0.001), history of contact hypersensitivity (OR = 7.0; 95% CI: 1.3-35.4; p = 0.025), history of contact hypersensitivity to metals (OR = 8.3; 95% CI: 1.4-50.2; p = 0.021), and piercings (OR = 5.4; 95% CI: 2.1-13.9; p = 0.001). When predictors were analysed separately for these two metals, titanium sensitisation predictors were contact hypersensitivity to metals and piercing, whereas nickel sensitisation predictors were age and piercing.
CONCLUSION
A positive patch test alone cannot draw definite conclusions regarding allergy. However, metal allergies in patients with orthodontic appliances could be considered in cases of previous contact hypersensitivity, previous reactions to metals, exfoliative cheilitis, and piercing.
Topics: Adult; Cheilitis; Dermatitis, Contact; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Male; Nickel; Oxalates; Petrolatum; Titanium
PubMed: 36239365
DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7122 -
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and... May 2023Estrogen is well-known for preparing uterine receptivity. However, its roles in regulating embryo development and implantation are unclear. Our objective was to...
PURPOSE
Estrogen is well-known for preparing uterine receptivity. However, its roles in regulating embryo development and implantation are unclear. Our objective was to characterize estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) in human and mouse embryos and determine the effect of estradiol (E) supplementation on pre- and peri-implantation blastocyst development.
METHODS
Mouse embryos, 8-cell through hatched blastocyst stages, and human embryonic days 5-7 blastocysts were stained for ESR1 and imaged using confocal microscopy. We then treated 8-cell mouse embryos with 8 nM E during in vitro culture (IVC) and examined embryo morphokinetics, blastocyst development, and cell allocation into the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE). Finally, we disrupted ESR1, using ICI 182,780, and evaluated peri-implantation development.
RESULTS
ESR1 exhibits nuclear localization in early blastocysts followed by aggregation, predominantly in the TE of hatching and hatched blastocysts, in human and mouse embryos. During IVC, most E was absorbed by the mineral oil, and no effect on embryo development was found. When IVC was performed without an oil overlay, embryos treated with E exhibited increased blastocyst development and ICM:TE ratio. Additionally, embryos treated with ICI 182,780 had significantly decreased trophoblast outgrowth during extended embryo culture.
CONCLUSION
Similar ESR1 localization in mouse and human blastocysts suggests a conserved role in blastocyst development. These mechanisms may be underappreciated due to the use of mineral oil during conventional IVC. This work provides important context for how estrogenic toxicants may impact reproductive health and offers an avenue to further optimize human-assisted reproductive technology (ART) to treat infertility.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Fulvestrant; Mineral Oil; Embryonic Development; Blastocyst; Estrogens
PubMed: 37017886
DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02783-2