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Proceedings of the Royal Society of... Sep 1973
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Colic; Complement System Proteins; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glomerulonephritis; Gold; Hematuria; Hexosephosphates; Humans; Hypertension; Immunoglobulin G; Kidney Diseases; Nephrotic Syndrome; Penicillamine; Peptic Ulcer; Phenacetin; Prostaglandin Antagonists; Proteinuria; Rats; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 4805093
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Nov 1970
Topics: Animals; Antipyrine; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Papillary Necrosis; Phenacetin; Salicylates
PubMed: 5481230
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.4.5733.493-a -
Medicine Mar 1998The relationship of long-term and heavy exposure of nonnarcotic analgesics to the risk of chronic renal disease (CRD) has been the object of intensive clinical,... (Review)
Review
The relationship of long-term and heavy exposure of nonnarcotic analgesics to the risk of chronic renal disease (CRD) has been the object of intensive clinical, pharmacologic, toxicologic, and epidemiologic research for 4 decades. The clinical evidence of an increased risk has been suggestive but inconclusive. The experimental evidence in animal models has been inconsistent, and in any case it cannot be generalized to humans. The epidemiologic evidence has been unsatisfactory for the most part: most of the early studies had severe methodologic limitations; moreover, they related mainly to phenacetin-containing drugs and did not have useful information on other analgesics. Since 1980, 9 analytical epidemiologic studies have attempted to confirm that a causal relationship exists between phenacetin or other analgesics and CRD. In the aggregate, despite methodologic flaws, this work suggests that excessive use of phenacetin-containing analgesics probably causes renal papillary necrosis and interstitial nephritis. In contrast, there is no convincing epidemiologic evidence that nonphenacetin-containing analgesics (including acetaminophen, aspirin, and mixtures of these two compounds) or that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs cause CRD. Moreover, the nature of dose-response relationships, the types of renal disease possibly caused by analgesics, and the cofactors that might be related both to analgesic use and to the development of CRD in humans are still uncertain, and the pathologic mechanisms of analgesic-induced CRD in humans remain unclear. It may take many years before all the outstanding issues are settled. Until they are, as a matter of good clinical judgment it would be prudent to consider all analgesics as potentially nephrotoxic and, as much as possible, to avoid excessive, protracted use.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Belgium; Bias; Case-Control Studies; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epidemiologic Methods; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Middle Aged; Risk Assessment; Substance-Related Disorders; United States
PubMed: 9556702
DOI: 10.1097/00005792-199803000-00003 -
TheScientificWorldJournal 2021Knowledge of drug composition consumed on the streets and the identification and quantification of their adulterants is essential for understanding unexpected side...
Knowledge of drug composition consumed on the streets and the identification and quantification of their adulterants is essential for understanding unexpected side effects, tracking routes, and drug profiling. Therefore, this work aimed to determine the purity and to identify and quantify the main adulterants found in personal doses of cocaine (perico) and coca paste (bazuco) in Cartagena de Indias (Colombia). The data collected in this study describe a first attempt to introduce the qualitative and quantitative analyses of adulterants present in street drugs in Cartagena de Indias to improve surveillance. Through gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the purity and adulterants were quantified in 45 personal doses of cocaine powder and coca paste. 100% of the personal doses in the city were adulterated; caffeine, phenacetin, and levamisole were the main adulterants identified in cocaine. Besides the above, lidocaine was also found in coca paste. The purity of cocaine varied from 8% to almost 70%, with caffeine ranging from 6% to 42%. In the case of coca paste, the maximum content of cocaine found was 60%, while some samples contained as little as 14%. The results are consistent with other research in terms of the widespread use of caffeine as an adulterant, but they also follow the growing trend of the use of levamisole and phenacetin. The wide range of cocaine content in samples sold in the illicit market could cause undesirable effects on cocaine users who do not know the exact intended dose for consumption; so, this study intends to make these results available not only to academic, public health, and national security agencies but also to tourists entering Cartagena de Indias, so that they are aware of what they are consuming and the risks to which they are exposed.
Topics: Coca; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Colombia; Drug Contamination; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans
PubMed: 34121949
DOI: 10.1155/2021/5562315 -
Pharmaceutics Dec 2022Obtusifolin, a major anthraquinone component present in the seeds of Cassia tora, exhibits several biological activities, including the amelioration of memory...
Obtusifolin, a major anthraquinone component present in the seeds of Cassia tora, exhibits several biological activities, including the amelioration of memory impairment, prevention of breast cancer metastasis, and reduction of cartilage damage in osteoarthritis. We aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of obtusifolin and its analogs on CYP1A enzymes, which are responsible for activating procarcinogens, and investigate its inhibitory mechanism and chemopreventive effects. P450-selective substrates were incubated with human liver microsomes (HLMs) or recombinant CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 in the presence of obtusifolin and its four analogs. After incubation, the samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Molecular docking simulations were performed using the crystal structure of CYP1A2 to identify the critical interactions between anthraquinones and human CYP1A2. Obtusifolin potently and selectively inhibited CYP1A2-mediated phenacetin O-deethylation (POD) with a Ki value of 0.031 µM in a competitive inhibitory manner in HLMs, whereas it exhibited negligible inhibitory effect against other P450s (IC50 > 28.6 µM). Obtusifolin also inhibited CYP1A1- and CYP1A2-mediated POD and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation with IC50 values of <0.57 µM when using recombinant enzymes. Our molecular docking models suggested that the high CYP1A2 inhibitory activity of obtusifolin may be attributed to the combination of hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding. This is the first report of selective and potent inhibitory effects of obtusifolin against CYP1A, indicating their potential chemopreventive effects.
PubMed: 36559174
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122683 -
British Medical Journal Mar 1965
Topics: Humans; Kidney; Phenacetin
PubMed: 14245200
DOI: No ID Found -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Aug 1975
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Middle Aged; Pain; Phenacetin; Switzerland
PubMed: 1139509
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Jul 1969
Review
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Edema; Female; Forearm; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gold; Hand; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Lung Diseases; Lymphadenitis; Male; Nervous System Diseases; Phenacetin; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Skin Diseases; Uveitis; Vascular Diseases
PubMed: 4893425
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.3.5663.131 -
Gut Jul 1972
Review
Topics: Animals; Benzene; Biotransformation; Codeine; Cytochromes; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Humans; Kidney; Liver; Mitochondria, Liver; NADP; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phenacetin; Phenobarbital; Phenols; Serotonin; Thalidomide; Thiopental
PubMed: 4403576
DOI: 10.1136/gut.13.7.579 -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Sep 1964
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Biomedical Research; Chloroquine; Codeine; Drug Therapy; Gold; Leukocyte Count; Oxyphenbutazone; Phenacetin; Phenylbutazone; Rheumatic Fever; Toxicology
PubMed: 14201254
DOI: No ID Found