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Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi = Japanese... 2000Phaeoacremonium parasiticum was identified as the causative agent of a phaeomycotic cyst seen just below the right knee of a 59-year-old healthy woman. She had no... (Review)
Review
Phaeoacremonium parasiticum was identified as the causative agent of a phaeomycotic cyst seen just below the right knee of a 59-year-old healthy woman. She had no history of trauma. Direct KOH examination of the pus aspirated from the subcutaneous nodule revealed abundant mycelia, which were not too deeply brown in color. The nodule was surgically excised, and there was no recurrence during a half year of observation. Tissue section of the excised material revealed rather a large cavity extending from the cutis to the subcutis. The cavity had a thick wall composed of granulomatous tissues. Mycelial and yeast-like fungal elements were seen within the cavity and the granulomatous tissues. A dematiaceous fungus was cultured from both pus and the excised material. The isolates were characterized by a dark green to black colony, unbranched or infrequently branched, brownish conidiophores bearing an aculeate monophialide with a narrow funnel-shaped collarette, and slimy, hyaline, one-celled, ellipsoid to allantoid conidia.
Topics: Cysts; Dermatomycoses; Female; Humans; Knee; Middle Aged; Phialophora
PubMed: 10777819
DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.41.89 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Feb 1988A total of 123 isolates of Cladosporium spp., Exophiala spp., Fonsecaea spp., Lecythophora hoffmannii, Phaeoannellomyces werneckii, Phialophora spp., Wangiella...
A total of 123 isolates of Cladosporium spp., Exophiala spp., Fonsecaea spp., Lecythophora hoffmannii, Phaeoannellomyces werneckii, Phialophora spp., Wangiella dermatitidis, and Xylohypha bantiana were tested for proteolytic activity by using 26 different formulations of gelatin, milk, casein, and Loeffler media. Other physiological properties examined included hydrolysis of tyrosine and xanthine, sodium nitrate utilization in Czapek Dox agar, and thermotolerance. Isolates of Exophiala jeanselmei, Fonsecaea compacta, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, W. dermatitidis, and X. bantiana lacked proteolytic activity. Proteolytic activity was variable among the remaining species, depending on the type of medium used. Thermotolerance had value in distinguishing some taxa.
Topics: Animals; Blood Proteins; Caseins; Cladosporium; Culture Media; Exophiala; Gelatin; Milk Proteins; Mitosporic Fungi; Nitrates; Phialophora; Proteins; Temperature
PubMed: 3343325
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.26.2.301-307.1988 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2021species are wood-inhabiting fungi and emerging opportunistic pathogens causing phaeohyphomycosis. In this study, we isolated a dematiaceous fungus, HKU44, from the...
species are wood-inhabiting fungi and emerging opportunistic pathogens causing phaeohyphomycosis. In this study, we isolated a dematiaceous fungus, HKU44, from the subhepatic abscess pus and drain fluids of a liver transplant recipient with post-transplant biliary and hepatico-jejunostomy bypass strictures. Histology of the abscess wall biopsy showed abundant fungal hyphae. The patient survived after a second liver transplant and antifungal therapy. On SDA, HKU44 grew initially as white powdery colonies which turned beige upon maturation. Hyphae were septate and hyaline. Phialides were monophialidic and laterally located, generally closely associated to a cluster of conidia which were usually reniform. Phylogenetic analyses showed that HKU44 is most closely related to, but distinct from, and . These suggested that HKU44 is a novel species, for which the name sp. nov. is proposed. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed that species possessed high MICs/MECs for fluconazole, 5-flucytosine and the echinocandins; whereas they exhibited a high strain-to-strain variability to the susceptibilities to the other triazoles. As for amphotericin B, ∼65% of the strains had low MICs (≤1 µg/mL). DNA sequencing should be performed to accurately identify fungi with -like morphologies, so is antifungal susceptibility testing for patients with infections.
Topics: Abscess; Aged; Antifungal Agents; Ascomycota; DNA, Fungal; Echinocandins; Fluconazole; Flucytosine; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phaeohyphomycosis; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 33337289
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1866955 -
Revista Do Instituto de Medicina... 2008The gelatinase, urease, lipase, phospholipase and DNase activities of 11 chromoblastomycosis agents constituted by strains of Fonsecaea pedrosoi, F. compacta,...
The gelatinase, urease, lipase, phospholipase and DNase activities of 11 chromoblastomycosis agents constituted by strains of Fonsecaea pedrosoi, F. compacta, Phialophora verrucosa, Cladosporium carrionii, Cladophialophora bantiana and Exophiala jeanselmei were analyzed and compared. All strains presented urease, gelatinase and lipase activity. Phospholipase activity was detected only on five of six strains of F. pedrosoi. DNase activity was not detected on the strains studied. Our results indicate that only phospholipase production, induced by egg yolk substrate, was useful for the differentiation of the taxonomically related species studied, based on their enzymatic profile.
Topics: Chromoblastomycosis; Humans; Hydrolases; Mitosporic Fungi
PubMed: 18949343
DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652008000500004 -
JAAD Case Reports Oct 2022
PubMed: 36117779
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.07.047 -
Association of Phialophora gregata with Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi in Garbanzo Beans in California.Plant Disease Sep 1999In 1992, a vascular disease was found in two fields of cultivar UC-15 garbanzo beans (Cicer arietinum). The fields were located on the central coast of California and...
In 1992, a vascular disease was found in two fields of cultivar UC-15 garbanzo beans (Cicer arietinum). The fields were located on the central coast of California and Phialophora gregata was consistently isolated from the aboveground tissue in the host UC-15 plants. Diseased patches in the fields mimicked the more common Fusarium wilt with its discolored vascular tissue in the stems, but in these instances P. gregata was the sole fungus that grew out of the tissue after 5 to 8 days of incubation on isolation agar. Greenhouse pathogenicity tests yielded only minor symptoms whether a dip technique or stem puncture inoculations were used. In subsequent years it was noted that this disease was observed only in garbanzo fields where a pea crop (Pisum sativum) had been previously grown. Further isolation from small foot and root lesions of diseased field plants revealed that they were infected with Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (Fsp) in addition to P. gregata. In greenhouse experiments with a combination of soilborne Fsp and/or stem inoculations with P. gregata, both pathogens infected the host. The symptoms from both pathogens, the strongest including occasional plant death, were similar to those observed in the fields. The effect was more than additive. Neither pathogen alone caused severe damage. In these tests Fsp was reisolated from root and foot cortical tissue along with P. gregata from stem vascular tissue near the top of the plants. Peas were an important crop along the central coast long before garbanzo beans were grown there. Fsp, a pathogen of both pea and garbanzo bean (1), has been known to attack garbanzos there since 1973 (2). The presence of yet another vascular disease of significance in this coastal area, besides those caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and Verticillium dahliae, has not been previously noted. Help in identification of P. gregata came from Diane Fogle, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento. References: (1) J. M. Kraft. Plant Dis. Rep. 53:110, 1969. (2) F. V. Westerlund Jr., et al. Phytopathology 64:432, 1974.
PubMed: 30841048
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS.1999.83.9.876A -
PeerJ 2024Conventional biofilters, which rely on bacterial activity, face challenges in eliminating hydrophobic compounds, such as aromatic compounds. This is due to the low... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Conventional biofilters, which rely on bacterial activity, face challenges in eliminating hydrophobic compounds, such as aromatic compounds. This is due to the low solubility of these compounds in water, which makes them difficult to absorb by bacterial biofilms. Furthermore, biofilter operational stability is often hampered by acidification and drying out of the filter bed.
METHODS
Two bioreactors, a bacterial biofilter (B-BF) and a fungal-bacterial coupled biofilter (F&B-BF) were inoculated with activated sludge from the secondary sedimentation tank of the Sinopec Yangzi Petrochemical Company wastewater treatment plant located in Nanjing, China. For approximately 6 months of operation, a F&B-BF was more effective than a B-BF in eliminating a gas-phase mixture containing benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and -xylene (BTE-X).
RESULTS
After operating for four months, the F&B-BF showed higher removal efficiencies for toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E), benzene (B), and -X (-Xylene), at 96.9%, 92.6%, 83.9%, and 83.8%, respectively, compared to those of the B-BF (90.1%, 78.7%, 64.8%, and 59.3%). The degradation activity order for B-BF and F&B-BF was T > E > B > -X. Similarly, the rates of mineralization for BTE-X in the F&B-BF were 74.9%, 66.5%, 55.3%, and 45.1%, respectively, which were higher than those in the B-BF (56.5%, 50.8%, 43.8%, and 30.5%). Additionally, the F&B-BF (2 days) exhibited faster recovery rates than the B-BF (5 days).
CONCLUSIONS
It was found that a starvation protocol was beneficial for the stable operation of both the B-BF and F&B-BF. Community structure analysis showed that the bacterial genus and the fungal genus were both important in the degradation of BTE-X. The fungal-bacterial consortia can enhance the biofiltration removal of BTE-X vapors.
Topics: Xylenes; Filtration; Fungi; Benzene Derivatives; Bioreactors; Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Toluene; Benzene; China; Biofilms
PubMed: 38903883
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17452 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jul 1993Two cases of human fungal infections caused by members of the genus Phialemonium, a genus proposed by Gams and McGinnis (1983) for fungi intermediate between the genera...
Two cases of human fungal infections caused by members of the genus Phialemonium, a genus proposed by Gams and McGinnis (1983) for fungi intermediate between the genera Acremonium and Phialophora, are presented. The first case was a phaeohyphomycotic cyst on the foot of a renal transplant recipient. The fungus was detected by direct examination and histopathology and was recovered by several procedures over 4 months. It was flat, glabrous, and white becoming yellow with the production of a diffusible yellow pigment; it had conidiophores that were mostly solitary and lateral and terminal phialides and adelophialides with distinct collarettes producing cylindrical to curved conidia. The isolate resembled both Phialemonium dimorphosporum and Phialemonium curvatum, although its characteristics were more consistent with those of the latter. The second case was peritonitis in a renal transplant recipient. The fungus was white-to-cream colored and yeast like, but later became black with a green diffusible pigment, and produced obovoid conidia; it was easily identified as Phialemonium obovatum. Difficulties encountered in the identification and taxonomy of members of this genus highlight the need for standardized conditions, e.g., potato dextrose agar culture incubated at 24 to 25 degrees C for morphologic comparisons, to control significant variations due to culture conditions.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Cysts; Female; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Kidney Transplantation; Middle Aged; Mitosporic Fungi; Mycoses; Peritonitis
PubMed: 8349757
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.31.7.1804-1810.1993 -
Applied Microbiology Aug 1973The growth and color change produced on dermatophyte test medium (DTM) by 25 strains of zoopathogenic fungi associated with human skin lesions were evaluated... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The growth and color change produced on dermatophyte test medium (DTM) by 25 strains of zoopathogenic fungi associated with human skin lesions were evaluated quantitatively. DTM only partially suppressed the development of nondermatophytes, with total growth in most instances comparable with that observed with dermatophytes. Whereas all dermatophytes induced a rapid color change on DTM, several nondermatophytic pathogens induced an equally intense and almost as rapid conversion. The rapidity of this color change and the colonial morphology of these forms on DTM could cause their misidentification as dermatophytes under clinical conditions.
Topics: Acremonium; Arthrodermataceae; Blastomyces; Chlortetracycline; Color; Culture Media; Cycloheximide; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Gentamicins; Histoplasma; Mitosporic Fungi; Phialophora; Sporothrix; Trichophyton
PubMed: 4795526
DOI: 10.1128/am.26.2.134-137.1973 -
Plant Disease Sep 2006Greenhouse, growth chamber, and field experiments were conducted to develop a method to assess resistance of soybeans to Cadophora gregata (Phialophora gregata), causal...
Greenhouse, growth chamber, and field experiments were conducted to develop a method to assess resistance of soybeans to Cadophora gregata (Phialophora gregata), causal agent of brown stem rot (BSR). In the new method, C. gregata is introduced at the base of the stems of 2-week-old soybeans, and the presence of the fungus is assessed in the tips of the stems 5 weeks later. To test the effectiveness of the method, two populations of soybeans and 10 checks were inoculated at the stem base and then assayed for fungal colonization of the stem tips, percentage of symptomatic leaflets, and percent internal stem length discolored. The lines also were planted in naturally infested fields to assess for percent internal stem length discolored, and were tested for the presence/absence of a BSR-resistant molecular marker. Greenhouse, field, and molecular marker data were compared. Linear regression analysis suggested that percentage of plants with colonized stem tips explained 41 to 64% of the variability (P < 0.0001) in percent stem length discolored in the field and 58 to 85% of the variability (P < 0.0001) in molecular marker data for BSR resistance. Percent stem length discolored assessed in the greenhouse had the lowest correlation with percent stem length discolored in the field and with the molecular marker. Of three incubation temperatures tested, 22°C was the most conducive for distinguishing resistant/susceptible soybeans using the colonization method.
PubMed: 30781100
DOI: 10.1094/PD-90-1186