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Medical Science Monitor : International... Sep 2018BACKGROUND This study investigated the relationship between hyperuricemia (with phlegm/non-phlegm block) and ABCG2 gene polymorphism in Han and Uygur people from...
BACKGROUND This study investigated the relationship between hyperuricemia (with phlegm/non-phlegm block) and ABCG2 gene polymorphism in Han and Uygur people from Xinjiang, China. MATERIAL AND METHODS We recruited 600 hyperuricemia patients with phlegm/non-phlegm block. Genomic DNA was extracted from the whole blood. Gene polymorphism was classified by SnaPshot method. RESULTS The SNP loci rs2725220 and rs2231137 of the ABCG2 gene, but not rs2231142, were significantly different between patients with non-phlegm block and phlegm block (P<0.05). The rs2231142 allele G was the protective factor in Uygur hyperuricemia patients. In both Han and hyperuricemia patients, the rs2725220 allele G was a protective factor and the rs2231137 allele C was a risk factor. For non-phlegm-block hyperuricemia, the rs2231142 and rs2231137 genotypes were significantly different between Uygur and Han patients (P<0.05). The rs2231142 allele G was 1.563 times higher in the Uygur patients compared with Han, and rs2231137 allele C was 1.673 times higher in the Uygur patients compared with the Han. For phlegm-block hyperuricemia, rs2231142 allele G was 1.397 times higher in the Uygur patients compared with the Han. CONCLUSIONS ABCG2 gene rs2231137 with more allele C tends to be phlegm-block type and rs2725220 with more allele G tends to be non-phlegm-block type. In the Uygur hyperuricemia patients, ABCG2 gene rs2231142 with more allele G tends to be non-phlegm-block type. Allele C of rs2231137 and allele G of rs2231142 in ABCG2 gene are more likely to be found in the Uygur people.
Topics: ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; Adult; Aged; Alleles; Asian People; China; Ethnicity; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Proteins; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Risk Factors
PubMed: 30197413
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.908552 -
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine... Aug 2022To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety outcomes following a sequential treatment with clearing heat and eliminating phlegm (CHEP) formula and tonifying Qi and...
Efficacy and safety of a sequential treatment with clearing heat and eliminating phlegm and tonifying and activating blood circulation in treating acute ischemic stroke: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety outcomes following a sequential treatment with clearing heat and eliminating phlegm (CHEP) formula and tonifying Qi and activating blood circulation (TQABC) formula in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) within a 72 h time window.
METHODS
In this randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, 500 participants will be randomly assigned in a ratio of 1∶1 to the CHEP+ TQABC group or control group. In addition to guideline-based standard medical care, participants in the treatment group will receive the CHEP formula for the first 5 consecutive days followed by the TQABC formula for another 10 consecutive days, while those in the control group will receive CHEP formula placebo and TQABC formula placebo consecutively. The primary outcome measure will be the comparison of the change in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score from baseline to 15 days after randomization. The secondary outcome measures will include the scores on the modified Rankin Scale, Barthel Index, Patient-Reported Outcomes, TCM symptom pattern (Zheng-hou) evaluation Scale, and the incidence of in-hospital complications. Safety assessment will include the physical examination, laboratory detection, any adverse events or serious adverse events, and the proportion of any complications during hospitalization.
DISCUSSION
The results of this study will provide objective and scientific data with which to assess the efficacy and safety of a sequential treatment based on "integrating disease and symptom pattern" for patients with AIS.
Topics: Double-Blind Method; Hospitalization; Hot Temperature; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Qi; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Stroke; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35848977
DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20220617.003 -
British Medical Journal Apr 1972Male mass radiography volunteers aged 40 or more were questioned about their sputum production and cigarette consumption in relation to type (filter or plain) smoked. Of...
Male mass radiography volunteers aged 40 or more were questioned about their sputum production and cigarette consumption in relation to type (filter or plain) smoked. Of 10,414 volunteers, 3,045 smoked filter cigarettes and 2,393 smoked plain cigarettes. The rate of persistent daily sputum of filter smokers (31.9%) was significantly lower than that of plain cigarette smokers (37.2%). A similar pattern was maintained when age and cigarette consumption were standardized. These figures are thought to understate the less injurious nature of filter cigarettes, since more than half of the filter smokers with persistent sputum developed this while previously smoking plain cigarettes.Whatever the reasons for the less injurious nature of filter cigarettes, it seems that cigarette smokers unable to stop smoking might suffer less from chronic bronchitis if they changed to filter cigarettes.
Topics: Adult; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Filtration; Humans; Male; Mass Chest X-Ray; Middle Aged; Smoking; Sputum
PubMed: 5022013
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5808.262 -
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine... Oct 2023To preliminary investigate the distribution of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution among patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and reveal the related factors...
OBJECTIVE
To preliminary investigate the distribution of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution among patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and reveal the related factors with anxiety and depression.
METHODS
Between July 2020 and June 2021, specialist doctor recruited AR patients in Beijing and Shanghai. A total of 630 patients admitted to participate in the survey, and 516 (81.9%) (male 54.3%, female 45.7%) participants completed the questionnaires. Three scales including Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7) and The Patient Health Queationaire-9 (PHQ-9) were applied. The χ and the Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate the classification data, multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the related factors of anxiety and depression.
RESULTS
According to 516 AR patients, the most commonly first-constitution was deficiency (22.1%) and frequent of all constitutions was inherited-special (21.6%). One third of AR patients (33.5%) suffered from anxiety, nearly half of AR patients (46.5%) were found to be depressive. Inherited-special (27.7%) was the most common constitution in patients with anxiety whereas deficiency (26.7%) was most common constitution in patients with depression. Sex, duration of symptoms, balanced, deficiency, phlegm-dampness, stagnation, and inherited-special constitutions were related with anxiety; Sex, income, duration of symptoms, balanced, deficiency, deficiency, phlegm-dampness, stagnation, and inherited-special constitutions were related with depression.
CONCLUSIONS
According to our study, the commonly constitution types of AR were deficiency and inherited-special. We found that the prevalence value of anxiety and depression were high. People with deficiency, phlegm-dampness, stagnation, and inherited-special constitutions were more likely to have mental problems than the others. Controlling these influential factors might be beneficial for clinical health management of AR patients, and the government should apply appropriate mental health treatment services to offer psychiatric support.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Depression; Body Constitution; China; Yang Deficiency; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders
PubMed: 37946488
DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20230919.001 -
Medicine Nov 2021Epilepsy is a chronic encephalopathy caused by abnormal discharge of neurons in the brain, resulting in brain dysfunction. Cognitive impairment is one of the most common...
Clinical efficacy and safety of removing blood stasis and removing phlegm in the treatment of epilepsy with cognitive impairment: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Epilepsy is a chronic encephalopathy caused by abnormal discharge of neurons in the brain, resulting in brain dysfunction. Cognitive impairment is one of the most common complications of epilepsy. The current treatment of epilepsy in the control of symptoms at the same time cause a lot of side effects, especially the aggravation of cognitive impairment. Many literatures have stated that the efficacy and safety of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of epilepsy with cognitive impairment is superior to that of western medicine alone. In this systematic review, we intend to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of removing stasis and resolving phlegm in the treatment of epilepsy with cognitive impairment.
METHODS
We will search The Cochrane Library, EMbase, Pubmed, Web of Science, Chinese Journal Full-Text Database (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and VIP database. Simultaneously we will retrieval relevant meeting minutes, eligible research reference lists, symposium abstracts, and gray literatures. We will not apply any restrictions to the language and publication date. All randomized controlled trials about the efficacy and safety of removing blood stasis and phlegm in the treatment of epilepsy with cognitive impairment will be included. Two authors will independently carry out. Any objections will be worked out by a third author through consultation. We will use the Revman 5.3 and Stata 13.0 software for data synthesis, sensitivity analysis, meta regression, subgroup analysis, and risk of bias assessment. The grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation standard will be used to evaluate the quality of evidence.
RESULTS
This systematic review will synthesize the data from the present eligible high quality randomized controlled trials to assess whether the treatment of removing blood stasis and phlegm is effective and safety for epilepsy with cognitive impairment from various evaluation aspects including clinical efficacy of epilepsy, EEG improvement rate, MOCA score, QOLIE-31 cognitive function score, traditional Chinese medicine symptom score, incidence of adverse reactions, frequency of seizures of epilepsy, and duration of seizure of epilepsy.
CONCLUSION
The systematic review will provide evidence to assess the efficacy and safety of removing blood stasis and phlegm in the treatment of patients with epilepsy with cognitive impairment.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42021224893.
Topics: Cognitive Dysfunction; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Epilepsy; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Research Design; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34964768
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000027929 -
Heliyon Feb 2023There are few data regarding adult protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB). This study aimed to delineate the clinical features of PBB and evaluate their potential...
There are few data regarding adult protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB). This study aimed to delineate the clinical features of PBB and evaluate their potential diagnostic value in adults. We recruited 55 adult patients with PBB and selected randomly 220 patients with non-PBB as control. A diagnosis of PBB was considered if patients had a cough lasting ≥3 weeks, no abnormalities of chest computed tomography, positive bacterial culture in sputum and/or response well to oral moxifloxacin for 1-4 weeks. The clinical manifestations and laboratory investigations were compared between PBB patients and non-PBB patients. Of the 55 patients with PBB, approximately three-fifths (34, 61.8%) were females with a median age of 46.0 years, which were similar to that of patients with non-PBB. We observed a shorter cough duration in PBB than non-PBB (median 3.0 versus 24.0 months, < 0.001). Compared to non-PBB patients, PBB patients had higher incidences of productive cough, yellow phlegm and a sensation of mucus in the throat (SMIT) (all < 0.001). Sputum neutrophils and lymphocytes were markedly elevated in PBB patients than non-PBB patients (both = 0.004). Bacterial pathogens were detected in eight (28.6%) of 28 cases with PBB. The multivariate analyses showed yellow phlegm, productive cough, SMIT, increased sputum lymphocytes (≥2.3%) and cough duration ≤8.5 months with moderate sensitivity (50.9-81.8%) and moderate-high specificity (60.5-94.4%) for determining PBB. In summary, adults with PBB are characterized by productive cough, yellow phlegm, SMIT and neutrophilic airway inflammation. These cough features and increased sputum lymphocytes may be useful to indicate PBB.
PubMed: 36755583
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12299 -
Respiratory Medicine Case Reports 2020Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) devices are frequently used in patients with respiratory muscle weakness to increase their cough peak flow and assist them in...
Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) devices are frequently used in patients with respiratory muscle weakness to increase their cough peak flow and assist them in improving cough effectiveness and clearing mucus from the airways. An 89-year-old male was admitted to our university hospital due to fever and loss of appetite. He was diagnosed with lung abscess and pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease. He was unable to independently expectorate phlegm due to frailty. Subsequently, MI-E was introduced. On day 3 after its introduction, chest X-ray examination revealed bilateral pneumothorax, and use of the MI-E device was discontinued. After conservatively observing the clinical course, pneumothorax was improved on day 12 after it occurred. Although scientific evidence regarding MI-E is currently limited, healthcare professionals often do not have an alternative in clinical practice. However, treating physicians should consider the risk of MI-E-related pneumothorax, despite its low occurrence rate.
PubMed: 32071855
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101017 -
The Journal of International Medical... Aug 2020This study aimed to evaluate the effect of clearing heat and resolving phlegm for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with the syndrome of...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of clearing heat and resolving phlegm for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with the syndrome of phlegm-heat obstruction of the lung.
METHODS
This was a real-world retrospective cohort study of inpatients at our institution from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they received oral traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for clearing heat and resolving phlegm or routine treatment (controls). Efficacy and safety indicators were analyzed. Propensity score matching was used to control for confounding factors.
RESULTS
Among 488 patients, 164 (82 pairs) were successfully matched. The changes in neutrophils (%) and C-reactive protein levels were more significant in the TCM group than in the control group. The duration of fever was significantly shorter in the TCM group than in the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
The therapy of clearing heat and resolving phlegm might effectively control the inflammatory reaction of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with the syndrome of phlegm-heat obstruction of the lung, especially for those with fever. Nevertheless, large-scale and prospective studies are required to provide a higher quality of evidence.
Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Hot Temperature; Humans; Lung; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Prospective Studies; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32814490
DOI: 10.1177/0300060520945502 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2015Phlegm is one of the most common patterns of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Chinese medicine. Our research was aimed at investigating the association between phlegm... (Review)
Review
Phlegm is one of the most common patterns of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Chinese medicine. Our research was aimed at investigating the association between phlegm syndrome of CAD and coronary angiography (CAG) by meta-analysis. According to inclusion criteria, a total of 30 studies involving 5,055 CAD patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that phlegm syndrome patients were prone to multivessel disease (28 studies, OR = 1.53, 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.88, P < 0.01) and higher Gensini score (2 studies, OR = 5.90, 95% CI, 1.86 to 9.94, P = 0.004), but not obviously relevant to severe stenosis (≥75%) of coronary arteries (13 studies, OR = 1.20, 95% CI, 0.63 to 2.27, P = 0.57). We concluded that the coronary arteries lesions of CAD patients with phlegm syndrome were more severe than those with nonphlegm syndromes. Phlegm syndrome should, therefore, be regarded as a dangerous pattern of CAD with worse prognosis.
PubMed: 26180535
DOI: 10.1155/2015/751743 -
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases... Jan 2020Cough and phlegm are common symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may significantly affect quality of life. This study assessed the burden of...
RATIONALE
Cough and phlegm are common symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may significantly affect quality of life. This study assessed the burden of cough and phlegm on clinical outcomes and quality of life among people with a self-reported physician diagnosis of COPD.
METHODS
Patient-reported data from the COPD Foundation's Patient-Powered Research Network (COPD PPRN) were utilized. Cough and phlegm severity and frequency were assessed by responses to questions on the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and categorized into none/low, moderate and severe. Quality of life domains were evaluated using the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS-29). Associations between cough and phlegm levels and PROMIS-29 domains were examined using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
RESULTS
The 5286 participants were average age 64.4 years (SD=11.4), 87.9% white, 60.4% female, 51.2% married, and 42.2% with caregivers. Approximately three-fourths of the participants had moderate or severe cough or phlegm levels. Respondents with moderate and high cough or phlegm had significantly worse dyspnea (<0.0001), more exacerbations in the previous one year (<0.0001), worse physical and social functioning, and more symptoms of anxiety and depression on PROMIS-29 compared to those with no/low cough and phlegm.
CONCLUSIONS
In this group of people with COPD, higher levels of cough and phlegm are associated with worse clinical and quality of life outcomes.
PubMed: 31999902
DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.7.1.2019.0146