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Current Opinion in Chemical Biology Feb 2011Nitric oxide (NO) is a cell-signaling molecule involved in a number of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Modification of cysteine residues by NO (or NO... (Review)
Review
Nitric oxide (NO) is a cell-signaling molecule involved in a number of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Modification of cysteine residues by NO (or NO metabolites), that is S-nitrosation, changes the function of a broad spectrum of proteins. This reaction represents an important post-translational modification that transduces NO-dependent signals. However, the detection and quantification of S-nitrosation in biological samples remain a challenge mainly because of the lability of S-nitrosation products: S-nitrosothiols (SNO). In this review we summarize recent developments of the methods to detect S-nitrosation. Our focus is on the methods which can be used to directly conjugate the site(s) of S-nitrosation.
Topics: Biotin; Nitric Oxide; Nitrosation; Phosphines; S-Nitrosothiols
PubMed: 21036657
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.10.006 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Jun 2021Wheat pill (zinc or aluminium phosphide), also known as rice pill, is used as rodenticide in wheat and rice storage reservoirs. In developing countries such as Pakistan...
Wheat pill (zinc or aluminium phosphide), also known as rice pill, is used as rodenticide in wheat and rice storage reservoirs. In developing countries such as Pakistan there has been an increase in the number of aluminium phosphide (wheat pill) poisoning with suicidal intent due to its easy accessibility. It has a high mortality rate, with no antidote available. A young female presented with classical signs and symptoms of wheat pill poisoning, although during her stay at the hospital she developed cardiac arrhythmias leading to shock, haematuria, pleural effusion, and hyperglycaemia due to acute pancreatitis. Due to the appropriate recognition and management of the complications, the patient was able to recuperate. Appropriate transfer to Intensive Care Unit and prompt recognition of complications can lead to good outcomes. We recommend that there should be a nationwide cognizance campaign regarding the lethal consequences of wheat pill consumption by humans and proper disposal of this deadly material.
Topics: Acute Disease; Aluminum Compounds; Female; Humans; Pakistan; Pancreatitis; Phosphines; Poisoning; Triticum
PubMed: 34111096
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.02-222 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2020Phosphine resistance is a worldwide issue threatening the grain industry. The cuticles of insects are covered with a layer of lipids, which protect insect bodies from...
Preliminary Study on the Differences in Hydrocarbons Between Phosphine-Susceptible and -Resistant Strains of (Fabricius) and (Herbst) Using Direct Immersion Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with GC-MS.
Phosphine resistance is a worldwide issue threatening the grain industry. The cuticles of insects are covered with a layer of lipids, which protect insect bodies from the harmful effects of pesticides. The main components of the cuticular lipids are hydrocarbon compounds. In this research, phosphine-resistant and -susceptible strains of two main stored-grain insects, and , were tested to determine the possible role of their cuticular hydrocarbons in phosphine resistance. Direct immersion solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to extract and analyze the cuticular hydrocarbons. The results showed significant differences between the resistant and susceptible strains regarding the cuticular hydrocarbons that were investigated. The resistant insects of both species contained higher amounts than the susceptible insects for the majority of the hydrocarbons, sixteen from cuticular extraction and nineteen from the homogenized body extraction for and eighteen from cuticular extraction and twenty-one from the homogenized body extraction for . 3-methylnonacosane and 2-methylheptacosane had the highest significant difference between the susceptible and resistant strains of from the cuticle and the homogenized body, respectively. Unknown5 from the cuticle and 3-methylhentriacontane from the homogenized body recorded the highest significant differences in . The higher hydrocarbon content is a key factor in eliminating phosphine from entering resistant insect bodies, acting as a barrier between insects and the surrounding phosphine environment.
Topics: Alkanes; Animals; Coleoptera; Complex Mixtures; Edible Grain; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Integumentary System; Phosphines; Solid Phase Microextraction; Tribolium; Triticum
PubMed: 32235326
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071565 -
Inorganic Chemistry Aug 2022We report the isolation and characterization of a series of three cobalt(II) bis(phosphine) complexes with varying numbers of coordinated solvent ligands in the axial...
We report the isolation and characterization of a series of three cobalt(II) bis(phosphine) complexes with varying numbers of coordinated solvent ligands in the axial position. X-ray quality crystals of [Co(dppv)][BF] , [Co(dppv)(NCCH)][BPh] , and [Co(dppv)(NCCH)][BF] (dppv = -1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene) were grown under slightly different conditions, and their structures were compared. This analysis revealed multiple crystallization motifs for divalent cobalt(II) complexes with the same set of phosphine ligands. Notably, the 4-coordinate complex is a rare example of a square-planar cobalt(II) complex, the first crystallographically characterized square-planar Co(II) complex containing only neutral, bidentate ligands. Characterization of the different axial geometries via EPR and UV-visible spectroscopies showed that there is a very shallow energy landscape for axial ligation. Ligand field angular overlap model calculations support this conclusion, and we provide a strategy for tuning other ligands to be axially labile on a phosphine scaffold. This methodology is proposed to be used for designing cobalt phosphine catalysts for a variety of oxidation and reduction reactions.
Topics: Cobalt; Crystallography, X-Ray; Ligands; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphines
PubMed: 35920800
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01562 -
Chemical Communications (Cambridge,... Sep 2020We report a proximity-driven crosslinking strategy featuring bioorthogonal cyclopropenones. These motifs react with phosphines to form electrophilic ketene-ylides. Such...
We report a proximity-driven crosslinking strategy featuring bioorthogonal cyclopropenones. These motifs react with phosphines to form electrophilic ketene-ylides. Such intermediates can be trapped by neighboring proteins to form covalent adducts. Successful crosslinking was achieved using a model split reporter, and the rate of crosslinking could be tuned using different phosphine triggers. We further demonstrated that the reaction can be performed in cell lysate. Based on these features, we anticipate that cyclopropenones will enable unique studies of protein-protein and other biomolecule interactions.
Topics: Bacteria; Biocompatible Materials; Cross-Linking Reagents; Cyclopropanes; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Phosphines
PubMed: 32808608
DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04600k -
Scientific Reports Nov 2014Most studies on phosphorus cycle in the natural environment focused on phosphates, with limited data available for the reduced phosphine (PH3). In this paper,...
Most studies on phosphorus cycle in the natural environment focused on phosphates, with limited data available for the reduced phosphine (PH3). In this paper, matrix-bound phosphine (MBP), gaseous phosphine fluxes and phosphorus fractions in the soils were investigated from a penguin colony, a seal colony and the adjacent animal-lacking tundra and background sites. The MBP levels (mean 200.3 ng kg(-1)) in penguin colony soils were much higher than those in seal colony soils, animal-lacking tundra soils and the background soils. Field PH3 flux observation and laboratory incubation experiments confirmed that penguin colony soils produced much higher PH3 emissions than seal colony soils and animal-lacking tundra soils. Overall high MBP levels and PH3 emissions were modulated by soil biogeochemical processes associated with penguin activities: sufficient supply of the nutrients phosphorus, nitrogen, and organic carbon from penguin guano, high soil bacterial abundance and phosphatase activity. It was proposed that organic or inorganic phosphorus compounds from penguin guano or seal excreta could be reduced to PH3 in the Antarctic soils through the bacterial activity. Our results indicated that penguin activity significantly increased soil phosphine formation and phosphorus contribution, thus played an important role in phosphorus cycle in terrestrial ecosystems of maritime Antarctica.
Topics: Animals; Antarctic Regions; Geography; Phosphines; Phosphorus; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Spheniscidae
PubMed: 25394572
DOI: 10.1038/srep07055 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2015Aromatic polyazides are widely used as starting materials in organic synthesis and photochemical studies, as well as photoresists in microelectronics and as... (Review)
Review
Aromatic polyazides are widely used as starting materials in organic synthesis and photochemical studies, as well as photoresists in microelectronics and as cross-linking agents in polymer chemistry. Some aromatic polyazides possess high antitumor activity, while many others are of considerable interest as high-energy materials and precursors of high-spin nitrenes and C₃N₄ carbon nitride nanomaterials. The use of aromatic polyazides in click-reactions may be a new promising direction in the design of various supramolecular systems possessing interesting chemical, physical and biological properties. This review is devoted to the synthesis, properties and applications of six-membered aromatic compounds containing three and more azido groups in the ring.
Topics: Azides; Click Chemistry; Heterocyclic Compounds; Nitriles; Phosphines; Photolysis
PubMed: 26506330
DOI: 10.3390/molecules201019142 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2021Dendrimers are hyperbranched macromolecules, which are synthesized step-by-step by the repetition of a series of reactions. While many different types of dendrimers are... (Review)
Review
Dendrimers are hyperbranched macromolecules, which are synthesized step-by-step by the repetition of a series of reactions. While many different types of dendrimers are known, this review focusses on the use of trivalent phosphorus derivatives (essentially phosphines and phosphoramidites) for the synthesis of dendrimers. The first part presents dendrimers constituted of phosphines at each branching point. The other parts display the use of trivalent phosphorus derivatives during the synthesis of dendrimers. Different types of reactions have been applied to phosphines. The very first examples of phosphorus-containing dendrimers were obtained by the alkylation of phosphines. Then, several families of dendrimers were elaborated by reaction of phosphoramidites. Such a type of reaction is the base of the solid phase synthesis of oligonucleotides; it has been applied in particular for the synthesis of dendrimers constituted of oligonucleotides. Finally, the Staudinger reaction between phosphines and azides afforded different families of dendrimers, and was at the origin of accelerated methods of synthesis of dendrimers. Besides, the reactivity of the P=N-P=S linkages created by this reaction led to very original dendritic structures.
Topics: Alkylation; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Dendrimers; Molecular Structure; Organophosphorus Compounds; Phosphines; Phosphorus
PubMed: 33430439
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020269 -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research Oct 2016Phosphides used as an insecticide and rodenticide, produce phosphine (PH3) which causes accidental and intentional poisoning cases and deaths. There is no specific...
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES
Phosphides used as an insecticide and rodenticide, produce phosphine (PH3) which causes accidental and intentional poisoning cases and deaths. There is no specific treatment or antidote available for PH3poisoning. It is suggested that PH3-induced toxicity is associated with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion; therefore, in this study the effect of some nutrients was evaluated on PH3cytotoxicity in a cell culture model.
METHODS
PH3was generated from reaction of zinc phosphide (10 mM) with water in the closed culture medium of HepG2 cells, and cytotoxicity was measured after one and three hours of incubation. ATP, glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation were also assessed at one or three hours post-incubation. ATP suppliers including dihydroxyacetone, glyceraldehyde and fructose were added to the culture medium 10 min before PH3generation to prevent or reduce phosphine-induced cytotoxicity.
RESULTS
Phosphine caused about 30 and 66 per cent cell death at one and three hours of incubation, respectively. ATP content of the cells was depleted to 14.7 per cent of control at one hour of incubation. ATP suppliers were able to prevent cytotoxicity and ATP depletion induced by PH3. Dihydroxyacetone, α-ketoglutarate, fructose and mannitol restored the ATP content of the cells from 14.7 per cent to about 40 , 34 , 32 and 30 per cent, respectively. Lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion were not significantly induced by zinc phosphide in this study.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS
The results supported the hypothesis that phosphine-induced cytotoxicity was due to decrease of ATP levels. ATP suppliers could prevent its toxicity by generating ATP through glycolysis. α-keto compounds such as dihydroxyacetone and α-ketoglutarate may bind to phosphine and restore mitochondrial respiration.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Cell Death; Cell Survival; Dihydroxyacetone; Fructose; Glutathione; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Ketoglutaric Acids; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Mannitol; Mitochondria; Phosphines
PubMed: 28256464
DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.200896 -
International Maritime Health 2020During ship transport of organic cargo e.g. soybeans in bulk or textiles in containers, there is a risk of pests damaging the cargo during transport as well as of...
BACKGROUND
During ship transport of organic cargo e.g. soybeans in bulk or textiles in containers, there is a risk of pests damaging the cargo during transport as well as of unwanted global spread of organisms. Consequently, fumigation of the shipped goods is recommended. While aiming to protect the cargo from being damaged by pests during the transport time, fumigation constitutes a risk to the health of seafarers and port workers and even fatal cases are seen. Phosphine gas is increasingly applied for fumigation. Based on former experiences this article aims to describe the risk and to provide recommendations for prevention.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
All reports of acute occupational exposures to phosphine in the maritime shipping industry to the Belgian Poison Centre were analysed and compared to reports in a study by ANSES (Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail), which collected data from the French Poison Centres. Data were registered and analysed between the 1st of January 1999 and the 31 of December 2018.
RESULTS
The reported incidents have so far been rather few but seem to have increased over the last years. Symptoms are gastro-intestinal, neurologic and respiratory and often seem "vague" and non-specific and are often difficult to recognise for first responders. In the cases where the aetiology of the incident is known, there often seems to be a lack of clear information about the risk and options for mitigation in workplaces and among the workers. Twelve publications of case reports were included from the literature review that showed the same patterns as found in the registered incident reports.
CONCLUSIONS
There seems to be an increase in incidents of acute poisoning from phosphine worldwide. This increase could be linked to the phasing out of methyl bromide in the Montreal Protocol but may also have other explanations. Strict precautions are needed when using phosphine for fumigation of ship cargoes and containers. Since symptoms are often vague, first-responders need to pay attention to the possible occurrence of acute phosphine intoxication as it may be life threatening. Phosphine intoxication remains a diagnosis nor to underestimate not to miss. Further monitoring and research is needed. Preventive actions are mandatory. It is essential to implement in a strict way the existing legislation of an in-transit fumigation with phosphine. Training of the crew and good communication between the different actors during an in-transit fumigation (ship-owner, captain, fumigator, crew, longshoremen) is the key of a good prevention of accidents.
Topics: Adult; Belgium; France; Humans; Male; Occupational Diseases; Occupational Exposure; Phosphines; Ships
PubMed: 33001425
DOI: 10.5603/IMH.2020.0028