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Nanoscale Jul 2016As clinical nanomedicine has emerged over the past two decades, phototherapeutic advancements using nanotechnology have also evolved and impacted disease management.... (Review)
Review
As clinical nanomedicine has emerged over the past two decades, phototherapeutic advancements using nanotechnology have also evolved and impacted disease management. Because of unique features attributable to the light activation process of molecules, photonanomedicine (PNM) holds significant promise as a personalized, image-guided therapeutic approach for cancer and non-cancer pathologies. The convergence of advanced photochemical therapies such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and imaging modalities with sophisticated nanotechnologies is enabling the ongoing evolution of fundamental PNM formulations, such as Visudyne®, into progressive forward-looking platforms that integrate theranostics (therapeutics and diagnostics), molecular selectivity, the spatiotemporally controlled release of synergistic therapeutics, along with regulated, sustained drug dosing. Considering that the envisioned goal of these integrated platforms is proving to be realistic, this review will discuss how PNM has evolved over the years as a preclinical and clinical amalgamation of nanotechnology with PDT. The encouraging investigations that emphasize the potent synergy between photochemistry and nanotherapeutics, in addition to the growing realization of the value of these multi-faceted theranostic nanoplatforms, will assist in driving PNM formulations into mainstream oncological clinical practice as a necessary tool in the medical armamentarium.
Topics: Nanomedicine; Neoplasms; Photochemistry; Photochemotherapy; Theranostic Nanomedicine
PubMed: 27328309
DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08691d -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jul 2012
Topics: DNA; Electrochemistry; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Microelectrodes; Nanostructures; Photochemistry
PubMed: 22802653
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1209943109 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta May 2014Light induced isomerization of the retinal chromophore activates biological function in all retinal protein (RP) driving processes such as ion-pumping, vertebrate vision... (Review)
Review
Light induced isomerization of the retinal chromophore activates biological function in all retinal protein (RP) driving processes such as ion-pumping, vertebrate vision and phototaxis in organisms as primitive as archea, or as complex as mammals. This process and its consecutive reactions have been the focus of experimental and theoretical research for decades. The aim of this review is to demonstrate how the experimental and theoretical research efforts can now be combined to reach a more comprehensive understanding of the excited state process on the molecular level. Using the Anabaena Sensory Rhodopsin as an example we will show how contemporary time-resolved spectroscopy and recently implemented excited state QM/MM methods consistently describe photochemistry in retinal proteins. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Retinal Proteins - You can teach an old dog new tricks.
Topics: Anabaena; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Isomerism; Light; Models, Molecular; Photochemistry; Quantum Theory; Retinaldehyde; Sensory Rhodopsins; Spectrum Analysis; Thermodynamics; Time Factors
PubMed: 24099700
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.09.014 -
Immunology Jun 2010Despite decades of intensive research, T-cell activation has remained mysterious because of both the dizzying diversity of antigen recognition and the speed and... (Review)
Review
Despite decades of intensive research, T-cell activation has remained mysterious because of both the dizzying diversity of antigen recognition and the speed and comprehensiveness of the T-cell-receptor signalling network. Further progress will require new approaches and reagents that provide added levels of control. Photochemistry allows specific biochemical processes to be controlled with light and is well suited to mechanistic studies in complex cellular environments. In recent years, several laboratories have adopted approaches based on photoreactive peptide-major histocompatibility complex reagents in order to study T-cell activation and function with high precision. Here, I review these efforts and outline future directions for this exciting area of research.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Lymphocyte Activation; Photochemistry; Signal Transduction; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 20406301
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03267.x -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2020Since their conception, ionic liquids (ILs) have been investigated for an extensive range of applications including in solvent chemistry, catalysis, and... (Review)
Review
Since their conception, ionic liquids (ILs) have been investigated for an extensive range of applications including in solvent chemistry, catalysis, and electrochemistry. This is due to their designation as designer solvents, whereby the physiochemical properties of an IL can be tuned for specific applications. This has led to significant research activity both by academia and industry from the 1990s, accelerating research in many fields and leading to the filing of numerous patents. However, while ILs have received great interest in the patent literature, only a limited number of processes are known to have been commercialised. This review aims to provide a perspective on the successful commercialisation of IL-based processes, to date, and the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of ILs in industry.
Topics: Anions; Catalysis; Cations; Chlorine; Dimerization; Electrochemistry; Fluorine; Hydrogen; Industry; Ionic Liquids; Methylation; Models, Chemical; Organic Chemicals; Photochemistry; Solvents; Temperature
PubMed: 33182328
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215207 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2020The last decade has witnessed a remarkable development towards improved and new photochemical transformations in response to greener and more sustainable chemical... (Review)
Review
The last decade has witnessed a remarkable development towards improved and new photochemical transformations in response to greener and more sustainable chemical synthesis needs. Additionally, the availability of modern continuous flow reactors has enabled widespread applications in view of more streamlined and custom designed flow processes. In this focused review article, we wish to evaluate the standing of the field of continuous flow photochemistry with a specific emphasis on the generation of bioactive entities, including natural products, drugs and their precursors. To this end we highlight key developments in this field that have contributed to the progress achieved to date. Dedicated sections present the variety of suitable reactor designs and set-ups available; a short discussion on the relevance of greener and more sustainable approaches; and selected key applications in the area of bioactive structures. A final section outlines remaining challenges and areas that will benefit from further developments in this fast-moving area. It is hoped that this report provides a valuable update on this important field of synthetic chemistry which may fuel developments in the future.
Topics: Biological Products; Humans; Photochemical Processes; Photochemistry
PubMed: 31952244
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020356 -
Perception 2008
Topics: Animals; Color Perception; Germany; History, 19th Century; Humans; Photochemistry; Portraits as Topic; Rhodopsin
PubMed: 19189727
DOI: 10.1068/p3711ed -
Chimia 2011cis-Neonicotinoids are a type of neonicotinoid, in which the nitro or the cyano group are in cis-configuration relative to heteroaromatic moiety, which show excellent... (Review)
Review
cis-Neonicotinoids are a type of neonicotinoid, in which the nitro or the cyano group are in cis-configuration relative to heteroaromatic moiety, which show excellent activities against a range of insect species. This review covers cis-neonicotinoids with commercialization perspectives, structural optimization (phenylazoneonicotinoids and chlorothiazolyl analogues of Paichongding), modes of action studies, radiao-synthesis of Paichongding and Cycloxaprid, and photostability of neonicotinoids.
Topics: Anabasine; Insecticides; Molecular Structure; Photochemistry
PubMed: 22273379
DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2011.957 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Jan 2021Amino acids (AAs) are key structural motifs with widespread applications in organic synthesis, biochemistry, and material sciences. Recently, with the development of... (Review)
Review
Amino acids (AAs) are key structural motifs with widespread applications in organic synthesis, biochemistry, and material sciences. Recently, with the development of milder and more versatile radical-based procedures, the use of strategies relying on radical chemistry for the synthesis and modification of AAs has gained increased attention, as they allow rapid access to libraries of novel unnatural AAs containing a wide range of structural motifs. In this Minireview, we provide a broad overview of the advancements made in this field during the last decade, focusing on methods for the de novo synthesis of α-, β-, and γ-AAs, as well as for the selective derivatisation of canonical and non-canonical α-AAs.
Topics: Amino Acids; Humans; Peptides; Photochemistry
PubMed: 32841470
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010157 -
Chimia Oct 2021Thomas Bally has acquired international recognition for his work on the photochemistry of reactive intermediates, which include radical ions. Here, we present a brief...
Thomas Bally has acquired international recognition for his work on the photochemistry of reactive intermediates, which include radical ions. Here, we present a brief overview of our investigations of the excited-state dynamics of radical ions in liquids at room temperature, which are still poorly documented. A better understanding of these dynamics is most relevant, as open-shell ions in the excited state are being increasingly used in redox photochemistry and have been proposed to play a key role in highly exergonic photoinduced electron transfer reactions.
Topics: Electron Transport; Electrons; Ions; Oxidation-Reduction; Photochemistry
PubMed: 34728012
DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2021.856