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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive and modern form of therapy. It is used in the treatment of non-oncological diseases and more and more often in the treatment... (Review)
Review
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive and modern form of therapy. It is used in the treatment of non-oncological diseases and more and more often in the treatment of various types of neoplasms in various locations including bladder cancer. The PDT method consists of local or systemic application of a photosensitizer, i.e., a photosensitive compound that accumulates in pathological tissue. Light of appropriate wavelength is absorbed by the photosensitizer molecules, which in turn transfers energy to oxygen or initiates radical processes that leads to selective destruction of diseased cells. The technique enables the selective destruction of malignant cells, as the photocytotoxicity reactions induced by the photosensitizer take place strictly within the pathological tissue. PDT is known to be well tolerated in a clinical setting in patients. In cited papers herein no new safety issues were identified. The development of anti-cancer PDT therapies has greatly accelerated over the last decade. There was no evidence of increased or cumulative toxic effects with each PDT treatment. Many modifications have been made to enhance the effects. Clinically, bladder cancer remains one of the deadliest urological diseases of the urinary system. The subject of this review is the anti-cancer use of PDT, its benefits and possible modifications that may lead to more effective treatments for bladder cancer. Bladder cancer, if localized, would seem to be a good candidate for PDT therapy since this does not involve the toxicity of systemic chemotherapy and can spare normal tissues from damage if properly carried out. It is clear that PDT deserves more investment in clinical research, especially for plant-based photosensitizers. Natural PS isolated from plants and other biological sources can be considered a green approach to PDT in cancer therapy. Currently, PDT is widely used in the treatment of skin cancer, but numerous studies show the advantages of related therapeutic strategies that can help eliminate various types of cancer, including bladder cancer. PDT for bladder cancer in which photosensitizer is locally activated and generates cytotoxic reactive oxygen species and causing cell death, is a modern treatment. Moreover, PDT is an innovative technique in oncologic urology.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 35163996
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030731 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Mar 2022Opportunistic infections are widely described in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, very few studies have addressed those affecting the...
Opportunistic infections are widely described in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, very few studies have addressed those affecting the oral cavity. Given the lack of information on the clinical presentations and the available treatment options, the present study aimed to show a case in which a combination of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) was used for the management of two concomitant COVID-19-associated opportunistic oral infections (oral pseudomembranous candidiasis and recurrent herpes labialis). Within 7 days and without any systemic drug administration, all the lesions resolved completely, and the patient no longer reported oral pain or discomfort. According to the current case report and taking into consideration the significant gaps in the knowledge and understanding of COVID-19, this combination of phototherapy modalities seems to be a promising tool for managing viral and fungal opportunistic oral infections.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Opportunistic Infections; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34890781
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102678 -
Theranostics 2023: Periodontal disease, an oral disease that initiates with plaque biofilm infection, affects 10% of the global population. Due to the complexity of tooth root anatomy,...
: Periodontal disease, an oral disease that initiates with plaque biofilm infection, affects 10% of the global population. Due to the complexity of tooth root anatomy, biofilm resistance and antibiotic resistance, traditional mechanical debridement and antibiotic removal of biofilms are not ideal. Nitric oxide (NO) gas therapy and its multifunctional therapy are effective methods to clear biofilms. However, large and controlled delivery of NO gas molecules is currently a great challenge. : The core-shell structure of AgS@ZIF-90/Arg/ICG was developed and characterized in detail. The ability of AgS@ZIF-90/Arg/ICG to produce heat, ROS and NO under 808 nm NIR excitation was detected by an infrared thermal camera, probes and Griess assay. anti-biofilm effects were evaluated by CFU, Dead/Live staining and MTT assays. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson staining and immunofluorescence staining were used to analyze the therapeutic effects : Antibacterial photothermal therapy (aPTT) and antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) could be excited by 808 nm NIR light, and the produced heat and ROS further triggered the release of NO gas molecules simultaneously. The antibiofilm effect had a 4-log reduction . The produced NO caused biofilm dispersion through the degradation of the c-di-AMP pathway and improved biofilm eradication performance. In addition, AgS@ZIF-90/Arg/ICG had the best therapeutic effect on periodontitis and NIR II imaging ability : We successfully prepared a novel nanocomposite with NO synergistic aPTT and aPDT. It had an outstanding therapeutic effect in treating deep tissue biofilm infection. This study not only enriches the research on compound therapy with NO gas therapy but also provides a new solution for other biofilm infection diseases.
Topics: Animals; Nitric Oxide; Reactive Oxygen Species; Photochemotherapy; Biofilms; Nanocomposites; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Models, Animal; Complementary Therapies
PubMed: 37153739
DOI: 10.7150/thno.83745 -
Future Oncology (London, England) Jun 2010Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a tumor-ablative and function-sparing oncologic intervention. The relative simplicity of photosensitizer application followed by light... (Review)
Review
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a tumor-ablative and function-sparing oncologic intervention. The relative simplicity of photosensitizer application followed by light activation resulting in the cytotoxic and vasculartoxic photodynamic reaction has allowed PDT to reach a worldwide audience. With several commercially available photosensitizing agents now on the market, numerous well designed clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of PDT on various cutaneous and deep tissue tumors. However, current photosensitizers and light sources still have a number of limitations. Future PDT will build on those findings to allow development and refinement of more optimal therapeutic agents and illumination devices. This article reviews the current state of the art and limitations of PDT, and highlight the progress being made towards the future of oncologic PDT.
Topics: Aminolevulinic Acid; Dihematoporphyrin Ether; Forecasting; Humans; Mesoporphyrins; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Oxygen; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents
PubMed: 20528231
DOI: 10.2217/fon.10.51 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Jun 2021SARS-CoV-2 attacks hemoglobin through its structural protein ORF3a, dissociating the iron from the heme, as iron is necessary by cell machinery for virus replication. In... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
SARS-CoV-2 attacks hemoglobin through its structural protein ORF3a, dissociating the iron from the heme, as iron is necessary by cell machinery for virus replication. In this process protoporphyrin (PpIX) is released.
METHODS
The decrease in the hemoglobin levels observed in patients with Covid-19 is frequently accompanied by an increase in PpIX levels. This evidence was confirmed by the quantification of PpIX by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). PpIX emission is observed in its two characteristic bands at approximately 635 nm and 705 nm.
RESULTS
This paper searches to understand the role of heme and PpIX inside the cells. Perspectives on the use of PpIX fluorescence as a sensor to monitor the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the tissue, blood, urine, or feces to map the evolution and severity of the disease or to monitor the response of the Covid-19 treatment modalities were described.
CONCLUSION
Fluorescence spectroscopy could be adopted as an excellent diagnostic technique for Covid-19, of low cost and high sensitivity. This method can potentially be used as a marker to monitor the response to the treatments. Photodynamic and sonodynamic therapies using the endogenous PpIX increased in the acute phase of the disease, could be employed for Covid-19 treatment.
Topics: Aminolevulinic Acid; Hemoglobins; Humans; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Protoporphyrins; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 33965601
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102324 -
Experimental & Molecular Medicine Apr 2021Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been considered a noninvasive and cost-effective modality for tumor treatment. However, the complexity of tumor microenvironments poses... (Review)
Review
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been considered a noninvasive and cost-effective modality for tumor treatment. However, the complexity of tumor microenvironments poses challenges to the implementation of traditional PDT. Here, we review recent advances in PDT to resolve the current problems. Major breakthroughs in PDTs are enabling significant progress in molecular medicine and are interconnected with innovative strategies based on smart bio/nanomaterials or therapeutic insights. We focus on newly developed PDT strategies designed by tailoring photosensitive reactive oxygen species generation, which include the use of proteinaceous photosensitizers, self-illumination, or oxygen-independent approaches. While these updated PDT platforms are expected to enable major advances in cancer treatment, addressing future challenges related to biosafety and target specificity is discussed throughout as a necessary goal to expand the usefulness of PDT.
Topics: Animals; Biological Therapy; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Death; Disease Management; Humans; Luminescent Proteins; Neoplasms; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 33833374
DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00599-7 -
Molecular Imaging 2017Specific visualization of body parts is needed during surgery. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) uses a fluorescence contrast agent for in vivo tumor imaging to detect... (Review)
Review
Specific visualization of body parts is needed during surgery. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) uses a fluorescence contrast agent for in vivo tumor imaging to detect and identify both malignant and normal tissues. There are several advantages and clinical benefits of FGS over other conventional medical imaging modalities, such as its safety, effectiveness, and suitability for real-time imaging in the operating room. Recent advancements in contrast agents and intraoperative fluorescence imaging devices have led to a greater potential for intraoperative fluorescence imaging in clinical applications. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative modality to treat tumors, which uses a light-sensitive drug (photosensitizers) and special light to destroy the targeted tissues. In this review, we discuss the fluorescent contrast agents, some newly developed imaging devices, and the successful clinical application of FGS. Additionally, we present the combined strategy of FGS with PDT to further improve the therapeutic effect for patients with cancer. Taken together, this review provides a unique perspective and summarization of FGS.
Topics: Contrast Media; Fluorescence; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Neoplasms; Photochemotherapy
PubMed: 28849712
DOI: 10.1177/1536012117722911 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become a potent contender in the fight against microbial infections, especially in the context of the rising antibiotic... (Review)
Review
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become a potent contender in the fight against microbial infections, especially in the context of the rising antibiotic resistance crisis. Recently, there has been significant interest in polyphenolic natural products as potential photosensitizers (PSs) in aPDT, given their unique chemical structures and inherent antimicrobial properties. Polyphenolic natural products, abundant and readily obtainable from natural sources, are generally regarded as safe and highly compatible with the human body. This comprehensive review focuses on the latest developments and future implications of using natural polyphenols as PSs in aPDT. Paramount polyphenolic compounds, including curcumin, hypericin, quercetin, hypocrellin, celastrol, riboflavin, resveratrol, gallic acid, and aloe emodin, are elaborated upon with respect to their structural characteristics, absorption properties, and antimicrobial effects. Furthermore, the aPDT mechanism, specifically its targeted action on microbial cells and biofilms, is also discussed. Polyphenolic natural products demonstrate immense potential as PSs in aPDT, representing a promising alternate approach to counteract antibiotic-resistant bacteria and biofilm-related infections.
Topics: Humans; Photosensitizing Agents; Photochemotherapy; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Microbial
PubMed: 38022517
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275859 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Mar 2022Biophotonics is defined as the combination of biology and photonics (the physical science of the light). It is a general term for all techniques that deal with the... (Review)
Review
Biophotonics is defined as the combination of biology and photonics (the physical science of the light). It is a general term for all techniques that deal with the interaction between biological tissues/cells and photons (light). Biophotonics offers a great variety of techniques that can facilitate the early detection of diseases and promote innovative theragnostic approaches. As the COVID-19 infection can be transmitted due to the face-to-face communication, droplets and aerosol inhalation and the exposure to saliva, blood, and other body fluids, as well as the handling of sharp instruments, dental practices are at increased risk of infection. In this paper, a literature review was performed to explore the application of Biophotonics approaches in Dentistry focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic and how they can contribute to avoid or minimize the risks of infection in a dental setting. For this, search-related papers were retrieved from PubMED, Scielo, Google Schoolar, and American Dental Association and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention databases. The body of evidence currently available showed that Biophotonics approaches can reduce microorganism load, decontaminate surfaces, air, tissues, and minimize the generation of aerosol and virus spreading by minimally invasive, time-saving, and alternative techniques in general. However, each clinical situation must be individually evaluated regarding the benefits and drawbacks of these approaches, but always pursuing less-invasive and less aerosol-generating procedures, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Topics: COVID-19; Cross Infection; Dentistry; Humans; Pandemics; Photochemotherapy; SARS-CoV-2; United States
PubMed: 34910994
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102682 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2022Clay-based bio-inorganic nanohybrids, such as layered double hydroxides (LDH), have been extensively researched in the various fields of biomedicine, particularly for... (Review)
Review
Clay-based bio-inorganic nanohybrids, such as layered double hydroxides (LDH), have been extensively researched in the various fields of biomedicine, particularly for drug delivery and bio-imaging applications. Recent trends indicate that such two-dimensional LDH can be hybridized with a variety of photo-active biomolecules to selectively achieve anti-cancer benefits through numerous photo/chemotherapies (PCT), including photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and magnetic hyperthermia, a combination of therapies to achieve the best treatment regimen for patients that cannot be treated either by surgery or radiation alone. Among the novel two-dimensional clay-based bio-inorganic nanohybrids, LDH could enhance the photo-stability and drug release controllability of the PCT agents, which would, in turn, improve the overall phototherapeutic performance. This review article highlights the most recent advances in LDH-based two-dimensional clay-bio-inorganic nanohybrids for the aforementioned applications.
Topics: Clay; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Hydroxides; Photochemotherapy
PubMed: 36233164
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911862