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Skin Therapy Letter May 2017A triad approach to the treatment of acne and rosacea has been recommended. This integrated management approach includes patient education, selection of therapeutic... (Review)
Review
A triad approach to the treatment of acne and rosacea has been recommended. This integrated management approach includes patient education, selection of therapeutic agents, and initiation of an appropriate skin care regime. Proper skin care in patients undergoing treatment of both acne and rosacea includes use of products formulated for sensitive skin that cleanse, moisturize and photoprotect the skin. Both acne and rosacea are associated with epidermal barrier dysfunction, which can be mitigated by suitable skin care practices. Appropriate skin care recommendations for patients with acne and rosacea will be discussed.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Humans; Rosacea; Skin Care
PubMed: 28492949
DOI: No ID Found -
Photochemistry and Photobiology 2008Human skin is repeatedly exposed to UVR that influences the function and survival of many cell types and is regarded as the main causative factor in the induction of... (Review)
Review
Human skin is repeatedly exposed to UVR that influences the function and survival of many cell types and is regarded as the main causative factor in the induction of skin cancer. It has been traditionally believed that skin pigmentation is the most important photoprotective factor, as melanin, besides functioning as a broadband UV absorbent, has antioxidant and radical scavenging properties. Besides, many epidemiological studies have shown a lower incidence for skin cancer in individuals with darker skin compared to those with fair skin. Skin pigmentation is of great cultural and cosmetic importance, yet the role of melanin in photoprotection is still controversial. This article outlines the major acute and chronic effects of UVR on human skin, the properties of melanin, the regulation of pigmentation and its effect on skin cancer prevention.
Topics: Humans; Melanins; Radiation-Protective Agents; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Sunburn; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 18435612
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00226.x -
Archives of Dermatological Research Mar 2010Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory studies have implicated solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation in various skin diseases including, premature aging of the skin and... (Review)
Review
Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory studies have implicated solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation in various skin diseases including, premature aging of the skin and melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Chronic UV radiation exposure-induced skin diseases or skin disorders are caused by the excessive induction of inflammation, oxidative stress and DNA damage, etc. The use of chemopreventive agents, such as plant polyphenols, to inhibit these events in UV-exposed skin is gaining attention. Chemoprevention refers to the use of agents that can inhibit, reverse or retard the process of these harmful events in the UV-exposed skin. A wide variety of polyphenols or phytochemicals, most of which are dietary supplements, have been reported to possess substantial skin photoprotective effects. This review article summarizes the photoprotective effects of some selected polyphenols, such as green tea polyphenols, grape seed proanthocyanidins, resveratrol, silymarin and genistein, on UV-induced skin inflammation, oxidative stress and DNA damage, etc., with a focus on mechanisms underlying the photoprotective effects of these polyphenols. The laboratory studies conducted in animal models suggest that these polyphenols have the ability to protect the skin from the adverse effects of UV radiation, including the risk of skin cancers. It is suggested that polyphenols may favorably supplement sunscreens protection, and may be useful for skin diseases associated with solar UV radiation-induced inflammation, oxidative stress and DNA damage.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Catechin; DNA Damage; DNA Repair; Dermatitis; Flavonoids; Humans; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Phenols; Polyphenols; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Sunscreening Agents; Tea; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 19898857
DOI: 10.1007/s00403-009-1001-3 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2022UVB exposure is one of the primary factors responsible for the development of photoaging, and the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism involved in the...
Resveratrol Treats UVB-Induced Photoaging by Anti-MMP Expression, through Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antiapoptotic Properties, and Treats Photoaging by Upregulating VEGF-B Expression.
UVB exposure is one of the primary factors responsible for the development of photoaging, and the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism involved in the photoprotective properties of resveratrol (RES) in UVB-induced photoaging. Photoaging models of Hacat cells and ICR mice were established by UVB irradiation. The effect of RES on cell viability was then assessed using the MTT assay. The effect of RES on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was detected through a fluorescent probe assay. The effect of RES on oxidized glutathione (GSSH) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in photoaging Hacat cells, were measured separately, using kits. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the effect of RES on IL-6 secretion. The effect of VEGF-B on RES photoprotection was examined through the RT-qPCR method, after silencing VEGF-B through siRNA transfection. For animal experiments, the relative water content of the skin of ICR mice was determined using the Corneometer CM825 skin moisture tester. Starting from the third week of the study, the back skin of photoaging ICR mice was photographed weekly using the TIVI700 camera, and the depth of skin wrinkles in photoaging ICR mice was also analyzed. The thickness of the epidermis in photoaging ICR mice was assessed by the hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining method. The content of collagen fibers in the skin dermis of photoaging ICR mice was measured by the Masson trichrome staining method. The content of collagen III in the dermis of the skin in photoaging ICR mice was measured through immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques. The effect of RES on the mRNA expression levels of MMP-1, MMP-9, HO-1, GPX-4, IL-6, TNF-, VEGF-B, caspase9, and caspase3 in photoaging Hacat cells, and that of MMP-3, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, SOD1, GPX-4, caspase9, caspase3, and IL-6 in the skin of photoaging ICR mice, was measured by RT-qPCR. The effects of RES on caspase3, Nrf2 (intranuclear), COX-2, P-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, P-P38MAPK, and P38MAPK in photoaging Hacat cells, and on MMP-9, caspase3, COX-2, P-JNK, P-ERK1/2, and P-P38MAPK protein expression in the skin of photoaging ICR mice, were assayed by the WB method. The results of this study, therefore, show that RES has a protective effect against UVB-induced photoaging in both Hacat cells and ICR mice. Its mechanism of action may include reducing the expression of MMPs and the secretion of collagen and inflammatory factors by inhibiting the ROS-mediated MAPK and COX-2 signaling pathways, balancing oxidative stress in the skin of Hacat cells and ICR mice by promoting the Nrf2 signaling pathway, inducing antiapoptotic effects by inhibiting caspase activation, and exerting antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects by targeting the VEGF-B, demonstrating its photoprotective effects against UVB irradiation-induced photoaging.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Humans; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Mice; Resveratrol; Skin Aging; Ultraviolet Rays; Up-Regulation; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B
PubMed: 35028009
DOI: 10.1155/2022/6037303 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2024Sunlight, despite its benefits, can pose a threat to the skin, which is a natural protective barrier. Phototoxicity caused by overexposure, especially to ultraviolet... (Review)
Review
Sunlight, despite its benefits, can pose a threat to the skin, which is a natural protective barrier. Phototoxicity caused by overexposure, especially to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), results in burns, accelerates photoaging, and causes skin cancer formation. Natural substances of plant origin, i.e., polyphenols, flavonoids, and photosynthetic pigments, can protect the skin against the effects of radiation, acting not only as photoprotectors like natural filters but as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory remedies, alleviating the effects of photodamage to the skin. Plant-based formulations are gaining popularity as an attractive alternative to synthetic filters. Over the past 20 years, a large number of studies have been published to assess the photoprotective effects of natural plant products, primarily through their antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anti-immunosuppressive activities. This review selects the most important data on skin photodamage and photoprotective efficacy of selected plant carotenoid representatives from in vivo studies on animal models and humans, as well as in vitro experiments performed on fibroblast and keratinocyte cell lines. Recent research on carotenoids associated with lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, liposomes, and micelles is reviewed. The focus was on collecting those nanomaterials that serve to improve the bioavailability and stability of carotenoids as natural antioxidants with photoprotective activity.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Ultraviolet Rays; Antioxidants; Skin; Keratinocytes; Carotenoids; Skin Neoplasms; Sunscreening Agents
PubMed: 38338710
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031431 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Sep 2017A novel emerging technology for the assessment of the photoprotective 'power' of non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ) has been reviewed and its insightful... (Review)
Review
A novel emerging technology for the assessment of the photoprotective 'power' of non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ) has been reviewed and its insightful outcomes are explained using several examples. The principles of the method are described in detail as well as the work undertaken for its justification. This pulse amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorescence approach has been applied for the past 5 years to quantify the photoprotective effectiveness of the NPQ and the light tolerance in plants grown under various light conditions, during ontogenetic development as well as in a range of mutants impaired in carotenoid and protein biosynthesis. The future applications of this approach for the assessment of crop plant light tolerance are outlined. The perspective of obtaining detailed information about how the extent of photoinhibition and photoprotection can affect plant development, growth and productivity is highlighted, including the potential for us to predict the influence of environmental elements on plant performance and yield of crops. The novel methodology can be used to build up comprehensive light tolerance databases for various current and emerging varieties of crops that are grown outdoors as well as in artificial light environments, in order to optimize for the best environmental conditions that enable high crop productivity.This article is part of the themed issue 'Enhancing photosynthesis in crop plants: targets for improvement'.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Fluorescence; Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; Photosynthesis; Photosystem II Protein Complex
PubMed: 28808106
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0393 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2018Electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared ranges produces biologic effects in humans. Where some of these effects are beneficial, others are... (Review)
Review
Electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared ranges produces biologic effects in humans. Where some of these effects are beneficial, others are harmful to the skin, particularly those stemming from ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Pharmacological photoprotection can be topical or systemic. Systemic photoprotection is often administered orally, complementing topical protection. New and classic oral agents (e.g., essential micronutrients as vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, carotenoids) are endowed with photoprotective and anti-photocarcinogenic properties. These substances bear the potential to increase systemic protection against the effects of electromagnetic radiation in the UV, visible, and infrared ranges. Protective mechanisms vary and include anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. As such, they provide protection against UVR and prevent photo-induced carcinogenesis and aging. In this review, we present state of the art approaches regarding the photoprotective effects of vitamins and vitamin derivatives, dietary botanical, and non-botanical agents. A growing body of data supports the beneficial effects of oral photoprotection on the health of the skin. More studies will likely confirm and expand the positive impact of oral dietary botanicals as complementary measures for photoprotection.
PubMed: 29998107
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00188 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta.... Apr 2022Under high light conditions, excess energy can damage the machinery of oxygenic photosynthesis. Plants have evolved a series of photoprotective processes, including... (Review)
Review
Under high light conditions, excess energy can damage the machinery of oxygenic photosynthesis. Plants have evolved a series of photoprotective processes, including conformational changes of the light-harvesting complexes that activate dissipation of energy as heat. In this mini-review, we will summarize our recent work developing and applying single-molecule methods to investigate the conformational states of the light-harvesting complexes. Through these measurements, we identified dissipative conformations and how they depend on conditions that mimic high light. Our studies revealed an equilibrium between the light-harvesting and dissipative conformations, and that the nature of the equilibrium varies with cellular environment, between proteins, and between species. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on open questions and implications for photosynthetic yields.
Topics: Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; Photosynthesis; Protein Conformation; Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14
PubMed: 35202576
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148543 -
Biochemical Society Transactions Apr 2018Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into biomass and oxygen. When in excess, light can be dangerous for the photosynthetic apparatus because... (Review)
Review
Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into biomass and oxygen. When in excess, light can be dangerous for the photosynthetic apparatus because it can cause photo-oxidative damage and decreases the efficiency of photosynthesis because of photoinhibition. Plants have evolved many photoprotective mechanisms in order to face reactive oxygen species production and thus avoid photoinhibition. These mechanisms include quenching of singlet and triplet excited states of chlorophyll, synthesis of antioxidant molecules and enzymes and repair processes for damaged photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers. This review focuses on the mechanisms involved in photoprotection of chloroplasts through dissipation of energy absorbed in excess.
Topics: Antioxidants; Chlorophyll; Light; Photosynthesis; Photosystem I Protein Complex; Photosystem II Protein Complex; Plants; Radiation-Protective Agents
PubMed: 29666217
DOI: 10.1042/BST20170307 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2018Due to changes in human lifestyle (expanded sunbathing, the use of solaria, etc.) and, most importantly, increasing lifetime and thus higher cumulative exposure to solar... (Review)
Review
Due to changes in human lifestyle (expanded sunbathing, the use of solaria, etc.) and, most importantly, increasing lifetime and thus higher cumulative exposure to solar radiation, skin aging and skin cancer have become major health issues. As a consequence effective photoprotection is of outmost importance to humans. In this regard a lot has been learned in the past about the cellular and molecular basis underlying ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced skin damage and, based on this knowledge, numerous skin protective approaches including organic and inorganic UV-filters, but also topically applicable antioxidants, DNA repair enzymes and compatible solutes as well as oral photoprotective strategies based on nutritional supplements have been developed. A new aspect is here that sun protection of human skin might even be possible after solar radiation-induced skin damage has occurred. A second, very important development was prompted by the discovery that also wavelengths beyond the UV spectrum can damage human skin. These include the blue light region of visible light (VIS) as well as the near infrared range (IRA) and corresponding sunprotection strategies have thus recently been or are still being developed. In this article we will provide a state of the art summary of these two novel developments and, at the end, we will also critically discuss strengths and weaknesses of the current attempts, which mainly focus on the prevention of skin damage by selected wavelengths but greatly ignore the possibility that wavelengths might interfere with each other. Such combined effects, however, need to be taken into account if photoprotection of human skin is intended to be global in nature.
PubMed: 29896475
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00162