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Biomaterials Feb 2018As a new class of organic optical nanomaterials, semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) have the advantages of excellent optical properties, high photostability,... (Review)
Review
As a new class of organic optical nanomaterials, semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) have the advantages of excellent optical properties, high photostability, facile surface functionalization, and are considered to possess good biocompatibility for biomedical applications. This review surveys recent progress made on the design and synthesis of SPNs for molecular imaging and cancer phototherapy. A variety of novel polymer design, chemical modification and nanoengineering strategies have been developed to precisely tune up optoelectronic properties of SPNs to enable fluorescence, chemiluminescence and photoacoustic (PA) imaging in living animals. With these imaging modalities, SPNs have been demonstrated not only to image tissues such as lymph nodes, vascular structure and tumors, but also to detect disease biomarkers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein sulfenic acid as well as physiological indexes such as pH and blood glucose concentration. The potentials of SPNs in cancer phototherapy including photodynamic and photothermal therapy are also highlighted with recent examples. Future efforts should further expand the use of SPNs in biomedical research and may even move them beyond pre-clinical studies.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Photoacoustic Techniques; Phototherapy; Polymers; Semiconductors
PubMed: 29190479
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.025 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2023This study aimed to establish the cost-effectiveness of home phototherapy versus hospital phototherapy treating hyperbilirubinemia in neonates more than 36 weeks. Based... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
This study aimed to establish the cost-effectiveness of home phototherapy versus hospital phototherapy treating hyperbilirubinemia in neonates more than 36 weeks. Based on clinical results from a randomised controlled trial showing that home phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia in term neonates is as effective as hospital phototherapy, we performed a cost-minimisation analysis to identify the most cost-effective alternative. We included costs for health care resource use as well as costs for transportation in connection with re-visits. The cost per patient was €337 for home phototherapy compared with €1156 for the hospital alternative indicating average cost savings of €819 (95% confidence interval €613-1025) or 71% per patient. Transportation and outpatient costs were higher in the home treatment group and hospital care costs were higher in the hospital group. Sensitivity analysis shows that results are robust also when allowing for uncertainty. Home phototherapy for neonates more than 36 weeks costs less than in-hospital phototherapy while being equally effective, meaning that home phototherapy is a cost-effective alternative to hospital treatment for infants with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.Trial registration NCT03536078 . Date of registration: 24/05/2018.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Bilirubin; Treatment Outcome; Phototherapy; Hyperbilirubinemia; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal
PubMed: 37400561
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37684-y -
Small Methods May 2023Phototherapy is an emerging approach for cancer treatment that is effective at controlling the growth of primary tumors. In the presence of light irradiation,... (Review)
Review
Phototherapy is an emerging approach for cancer treatment that is effective at controlling the growth of primary tumors. In the presence of light irradiation, photothermal and photodynamic agents that are delivered to tumor sites can induce local hyperthermia and the production of reactive oxygen species, respectively, that directly eradicate cancer cells. Nanoparticles, characterized by their small size and tunable physiochemical properties, have been widely utilized as carriers for phototherapeutic agents to improve their biocompatibility and tumor-targeted delivery. Nanocarriers can also be used to implement various codelivery strategies for further enhancing phototherapeutic efficiency. More recently, there has been considerable interest in augmenting the immunological effects of nanoparticle-based phototherapies, which can yield durable and systemic antitumor responses. This review provides an overview of recent developments in using nanoparticle technology to achieve photo-immunotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Phototherapy; Neoplasms; Immunotherapy; Drug Delivery Systems; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 36960932
DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300252 -
Biotechnology Advances 2013Phototherapy can be used in two completely different but complementary therapeutic applications. While low level laser (or light) therapy (LLLT) uses red or... (Review)
Review
Phototherapy can be used in two completely different but complementary therapeutic applications. While low level laser (or light) therapy (LLLT) uses red or near-infrared light alone to reduce inflammation, pain and stimulate tissue repair and regeneration, photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses the combination of light plus non-toxic dyes (called photosensitizers) to produce reactive oxygen species that can kill infectious microorganisms and cancer cells or destroy unwanted tissue (neo-vascularization in the choroid, atherosclerotic plaques in the arteries). The recent development of nanotechnology applied to medicine (nanomedicine) has opened a new front of advancement in the field of phototherapy and has provided hope for the development of nanoscale drug delivery platforms for effective killing of pathological cells and to promote repair and regeneration. Despite the well-known beneficial effects of phototherapy and nanomaterials in producing the killing of unwanted cells and promoting repair and regeneration, there are few reports that combine all three elements i.e. phototherapy, nanotechnology and, tissue repair and regeneration. However, these areas in all possible binary combinations have been addressed by many workers. The present review aims at highlighting the combined multi-model applications of phototherapy, nanotechnology and, reparative and regeneration medicine and outlines current strategies, future applications and limitations of nanoscale-assisted phototherapy for the management of cancers, microbial infections and other diseases, and to promote tissue repair and regeneration.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Nanomedicine; Photochemotherapy; Phototherapy; Regeneration; Regenerative Medicine
PubMed: 22951919
DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.08.003 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... 2001Phototherapy is used to treat newborn infants with hyperbilirubinaemia. Fibreoptic phototherapy is a new mode of phototherapy which is reported to lower serum bilirubin... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Phototherapy is used to treat newborn infants with hyperbilirubinaemia. Fibreoptic phototherapy is a new mode of phototherapy which is reported to lower serum bilirubin (SBR) while minimising disruption of normal infant care.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the efficacy of fibreoptic phototherapy.
SEARCH STRATEGY
The standard search strategy of the Cochrane Collaboration was used including searches of the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE and discussion with experts in the field.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of fibreoptic phototherapy in the management of newborn infants with hyperbilirubinaemia.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Thirty-one studies were identified of which 24 met inclusion criteria. They evaluated the efficacy of fibreoptic phototherapy in a number of different clinical situations and patient populations.
MAIN RESULTS
Fibreoptic phototherapy was more effective at lowering SBR than no treatment but less effective than conventional phototherapy (percentage change in SBR after 24 hours of treatment: WMD -10.7%, 95%CI -18.14, -3.26 and WMD 3.59%, 95%CI 1.27, 5.92 respectively). Fibreoptic phototherapy was equally as effective as conventional phototherapy in preterm infants and when two fibreoptic devices were used simultaneously (change in SBR after 24 hours of treatment: WMD 1.7%, 95%CI -2.65, 6.05 and change in SBR per day over whole treatment period: WMD 2.82%, 95%CI -1.84, 7.48 respectively). A combination of fibreoptic and conventional phototherapy was more effective than conventional phototherapy alone (duration of phototherapy: WMD -12.51 hr, 95%CI -16.00, -9.02, meta-analysis affected by heterogeneity). No conclusion can be made on the superiority of one fibreoptic device over another as the two studies comparing them (one favouring BiliBlanket, the other finding no difference) did not contain a common outcome measure.
REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS
Fibreoptic phototherapy has a place in the management of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. It is probably a safe alternative to conventional phototherapy in term infants with physiological jaundice. No trials have been identified which support the widely-held view that fibreoptic devices interfere less with infant care or impact less on parent-child bonding.
Topics: Fiber Optic Technology; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Phototherapy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 11279748
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002060 -
Drug Delivery Dec 2021Phototherapy, with minimally invasive and cosmetic effect, has received considerable attention and been widely studied in cancer treatment, especially in biomaterials... (Review)
Review
Phototherapy, with minimally invasive and cosmetic effect, has received considerable attention and been widely studied in cancer treatment, especially in biomaterials field. However, most nanomaterials applied for the delivery of phototherapy agents are usually recognized by the immune system or cleared by liver and kidney, thus hindering their clinical applications. To overcome these limitations, bionic technology stands out by virtue of its low antigenicity and targeting properties, including membrane bionics and bionic enzymes. In this review, we will summarize the up-to-date progress in the development of biomimetic camouflage-based nanomaterials for phototherapy, from synthesis to application, and their future in cancer treatment.
Topics: Biomimetic Materials; Biomimetics; Blood Platelets; Cell Membrane; Erythrocytes; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Phototherapy; Technology, Pharmaceutical
PubMed: 34596000
DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1983082 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Dec 2011Phototherapy is the mainstay of treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. The commonly used light sources for providing phototherapy are special blue fluorescent tubes,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Phototherapy is the mainstay of treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. The commonly used light sources for providing phototherapy are special blue fluorescent tubes, compact fluorescent tubes and halogen spotlights. However, light emitting diodes (LEDs) as light sources with high luminous intensity, narrow wavelength band and higher delivered irradiance could make phototherapy more efficacious than the conventional phototherapy units.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effect of LED phototherapy as compared to conventional phototherapy in decreasing serum total bilirubin levels and duration of treatment in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library 2010, Issue 1), MEDLINE (1966 to April 30, 2010) and EMBASE (1988 to July 8, 2009). Handsearches of the proceedings of annual meetings of The European Society for Paediatric Research and The Society for Pediatric Research were conducted through 2010.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials were eligible for inclusion if they enrolled neonates (term and preterm) with unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia and compared LED phototherapy with other light sources (fluorescent tubes, compact fluorescent tubes, halogen spotlight; method of administration: conventional or fibreoptic).
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We used the standard methods of The Cochrane Collaboration and its Neonatal Review Group for data collection and analysis.
MAIN RESULTS
Six randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria for this review. Four studies compared LED and halogen light sources. Two studies compared LED and compact fluorescent light sources. The duration of phototherapy (six studies, 630 neonates) was comparable in LED and non-LED phototherapy groups (mean difference (hours) -0.43, 95% CI -1.91 to 1.05). The rate of decline of serum total bilirubin (STB) (four studies, 511 neonates) was also similar in the two groups (mean difference (mg/dL/hour) 0.01, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.04). Treatment failure, defined as the need of additional phototherapy or exchange blood transfusion (1 study, 272 neonates), was comparable (RR 1.83, 95% CI 0.47 to 7.17). Side effects of phototherapy such as hypothermia (RR 6.41, 95% CI 0.33 to 122.97), hyperthermia (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.18 to 2.11) and skin rash (RR 1.83, 95% CI 0.17 to 19.96) were rare and occurred with similar frequency in the two groups.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
LED light source phototherapy is efficacious in bringing down levels of serum total bilirubin at rates that are similar to phototherapy with conventional (compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) or halogen) light sources. Further studies are warranted for evaluating efficacy of LED phototherapy in neonates with haemolytic jaundice or in the presence of severe hyperbilirubinaemia (STB ≥ 20 mg/dL).
Topics: Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Phototherapy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 22161417
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007969.pub2 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2021Bone cancer including primary bone cancer and metastatic bone cancer, remains a challenge claiming millions of lives and affecting the life quality of survivors.... (Review)
Review
Bone cancer including primary bone cancer and metastatic bone cancer, remains a challenge claiming millions of lives and affecting the life quality of survivors. Conventional treatments of bone cancer include wide surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, some bone cancer cells may remain or recur in the local area after resection, some are highly resistant to chemotherapy, and some are insensitive to radiotherapy. Phototherapy (PT) including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), is a clinically approved, minimally invasive, and highly selective treatment, and has been widely reported for cancer therapy. Under the irradiation of light of a specific wavelength, the photosensitizer (PS) in PDT can cause the increase of intracellular ROS and the photothermal agent (PTA) in PTT can induce photothermal conversion, leading to the tumoricidal effects. In this review, the progress of PT applications in the treatment of bone cancer has been outlined and summarized, and some envisioned challenges and future perspectives have been mentioned. This review provides the current state of the art regarding PDT and PTT in bone cancer and inspiration for future studies on PT.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Gold; Humans; Nanoparticles; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Osteosarcoma; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Phototherapy; Photothermal Therapy; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 34768789
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111354 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Dec 2012There are many pathological conditions leading to an elevated unconjugated bilirubin level (hyperbilirubinaemia) in neonates. Currently the standard therapies for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
There are many pathological conditions leading to an elevated unconjugated bilirubin level (hyperbilirubinaemia) in neonates. Currently the standard therapies for unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia include phototherapy and exchange transfusion. In addition to phototherapy, clofibrate has been studied as a treatment for hyperbilirubinaemia in several countries.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the efficacy and safety of clofibrate in combination with phototherapy versus phototherapy alone in unconjugated neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia.
SEARCH METHODS
Randomised controlled trials were identified by searching MEDLINE (1950 to April 2012) before being translated for use in The Cochrane Library, EMBASE 1980 to April 2012 and CINAHL databases. All searches were re-run on 2 April 2012.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included trials where neonates with hyperbilirubinaemia received either clofibrate in combination with phototherapy or phototherapy alone or placebo in combination with phototherapy.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Data were extracted and analysed independently by two review authors (MG and HM). Treatment effects on the following outcomes were determined: mean change in bilirubin levels, mean duration of treatment with phototherapy, number of exchange transfusions needed, adverse effects of clofibrate, bilirubin encephalopathy and neonatal mortality. Study authors were contacted for additional information. Studies were analysed for methodological quality in a 'Risk of bias' table.
MAIN RESULTS
Fifteen studies (two including preterm neonates and 13 including term neonates) were included in this review. All but one of the included studies were conducted in Iran. For preterm neonates, there was a significantly lower bilirubin level in the 100 mg/kg clofibrate group compared to the control group with a mean difference of -1.37 mg/dL (95% CI -2.19 mg/dL to -0.55 mg/dL) (-23 µmol/L; 95% CI -36 µmol/L to -9 µmol/L) after 48 hours. For the term neonates, there were significantly lower bilirubin levels in the clofibrate group compared to the control group after both 24 and 48 hours of treatment with a weighted mean difference of -2.14 mg/dL (95% CI -2.53 mg/dL to -1.75 mg/dL) (-37 µmol/L; 95% CI -43 µmol/L to -30 µmol/L] and -1.82 mg/dL (95% CI -2.25 mg/dL to -1.38 mg/dL) (-31 µmol/L; 95% CI -38 µmol/L to -24 µmol/L), respectively.There was a significantly lower duration of phototherapy in the clofibrate group compared to the control group for both preterm and term neonates with a weighted mean difference of -23.82 hours (95% CI -30.46 hours to -17.18 hours) and -25.40 hours (95% CI -28.94 hours to -21.86 hours), respectively.None of the studies reported on bilirubin encephalopathy rates, neonatal mortality rates, or the levels of parental or staff satisfactions with the interventions.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There are insufficient data from different countries on the use of clofibrate in combination with phototherapy for hyperbilirubinaemia to make recommendations for practice. There is a need for larger trials to determine how effective clofibrate is in reducing the need for, and duration of, phototherapy in term and preterm infants with hyperbilirubinaemia.
Topics: Clofibrate; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal; Infant, Newborn; Phototherapy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 23235669
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009017.pub2 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Sep 2023At present, cancer remains one of the leading causes of human death worldwide, and surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are still the main methods of cancer treatment.... (Review)
Review
At present, cancer remains one of the leading causes of human death worldwide, and surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are still the main methods of cancer treatment. However, these treatments have their drawbacks. Surgical treatment often struggles with the complete removal of tumor tissue, leading to a high risk of cancer recurrence. Additionally, chemotherapy drugs have a significant impact on overall health and can easily result in drug resistance. The high risk and mortality of cancer and other reasons promote scientific researchers to unremittingly develop and find a more accurate and faster diagnosis strategy and effective cancer treatment method. Photothermal therapy, which utilizes near-infrared light, offers deeper tissue penetration and minimal damage to surrounding healthy tissues. Compared to conventional radiotherapy and other treatment methods, photothermal therapy boasts several advantages, including high efficiency, non-invasiveness, simplicity, minimal toxicity, and fewer side effects. Photothermal nanomaterials can be categorized as either organic or inorganic materials. This review primarily focuses on the behavior of carbon materials as inorganic materials and their role in tumor photothermal treatment. Furthermore, the challenges faced by carbon materials in photothermal treatment are discussed.
Topics: Humans; Photothermal Therapy; Carbon; Phototherapy; Nanostructures; Neoplasms; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 37390711
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115070