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Current Pain and Headache Reports Oct 2011Fibromyalgia syndrome, a chronic condition typically characterized by widespread pain, nonrestorative sleep, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and other somatic symptoms,... (Review)
Review
Fibromyalgia syndrome, a chronic condition typically characterized by widespread pain, nonrestorative sleep, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and other somatic symptoms, negatively impacts physical and emotional function and reduces quality of life. Exercise is commonly recommended in the management of people with fibromyalgia, and interest in examining exercise benefits for those with the syndrome has grown substantially over the past 25 years. Research supports aerobic and strength training to improve physical fitness and function, reduce fibromyalgia symptoms, and improve quality of life. However, other forms of exercise (e.g., tai chi, yoga, Nordic walking, vibration techniques) and lifestyle physical activity also have been investigated to determine their effects. This paper highlights findings from recent randomized controlled trials and reviews of exercise for people with fibromyalgia, and includes information regarding factors that influence response and adherence to exercise to assist clinicians with exercise and physical activity prescription decision-making to optimize health and well-being.
Topics: Animals; Exercise Therapy; Fibromyalgia; Humans; Life Style; Physical Fitness; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Resistance Training
PubMed: 21725900
DOI: 10.1007/s11916-011-0214-2 -
Nutrients Jun 2020Mental disorders are one of the leading causes of disability, being associated with about 18 [...].
Mental disorders are one of the leading causes of disability, being associated with about 18 [...].
Topics: Humans; Mental Health; Nutritional Status; Physical Fitness
PubMed: 32560426
DOI: 10.3390/nu12061804 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) May 2018To estimate the effect of a moderate to high intensity aerobic and strength exercise training programme on cognitive impairment and other outcomes in people with mild to... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the effect of a moderate to high intensity aerobic and strength exercise training programme on cognitive impairment and other outcomes in people with mild to moderate dementia.
DESIGN
Multicentre, pragmatic, investigator masked, randomised controlled trial.
SETTING
National Health Service primary care, community and memory services, dementia research registers, and voluntary sector providers in 15 English regions.
PARTICIPANTS
494 people with dementia: 329 were assigned to an aerobic and strength exercise programme and 165 were assigned to usual care. Random allocation was 2:1 in favour of the exercise arm.
INTERVENTIONS
Usual care plus four months of supervised exercise and support for ongoing physical activity, or usual care only. Interventions were delivered in community gym facilities and NHS premises.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome was score on the Alzheimer's disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included activities of daily living, neuropsychiatric symptoms, health related quality of life, and carer quality of life and burden. Physical fitness (including the six minute walk test) was measured in the exercise arm during the intervention.
RESULTS
The average age of participants was 77 (SD 7.9) years and 301/494 (61%) were men. By 12 months the mean ADAS-cog score had increased to 25.2 (SD 12.3) in the exercise arm and 23.8 (SD 10.4) in the usual care arm (adjusted between group difference -1.4, 95% confidence interval -2.6 to -0.2, P=0.03). This indicates greater cognitive impairment in the exercise group, although the average difference is small and clinical relevance uncertain. No differences were found in secondary outcomes or preplanned subgroup analyses by dementia type (Alzheimer's disease or other), severity of cognitive impairment, sex, and mobility. Compliance with exercise was good. Over 65% of participants (214/329) attended more than three quarters of scheduled sessions. Six minute walking distance improved over six weeks (mean change 18.1 m, 95% confidence interval 11.6 m to 24.6 m).
CONCLUSION
A moderate to high intensity aerobic and strength exercise training programme does not slow cognitive impairment in people with mild to moderate dementia. The exercise training programme improved physical fitness, but there were no noticeable improvements in other clinical outcomes.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN10416500.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Caregivers; Cognition; Dementia; England; Exercise Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Physical Fitness; Quality of Life; Resistance Training
PubMed: 29769247
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k1675 -
BMC Psychiatry Feb 2018Suboptimal physical activity levels and tolerance, poor motor skills and poor physical health are demonstrated in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Study protocol: a randomized controlled trial study on the effect of a game-based exercise training program on promoting physical fitness and mental health in children with autism spectrum disorder.
BACKGROUND
Suboptimal physical activity levels and tolerance, poor motor skills and poor physical health are demonstrated in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We speculate that social interaction and communication deficits in children with ASD are two major factors that hinder these children from actively participating in group physical activities. While previous studies have demonstrated that exercise intervention improves motor skills and behavioral outcomes in children with ASD, these programs tend to focus only on a single sport, which may not cater to the interests of different children with ASD. In this protocol, a game-based exercise training program designed by a multi-disciplinary team (pediatrics, physical education and psychology) will be implemented by front-line healthcare providers trained following the train-the-trainer (TTT) model and subjected to validation.
METHOD
Using a randomized controlled trial design, the effectiveness of the game-based exercise program will be examined for 112 young children with ASD. These children were randomly assigned to two groups, which will be tested and trained in either one of the two arms of the waitlist conditions (control and intervention). The assessment of physical and psychological traits will be conducted at baseline (pre-test), at 16-weeks (post-treatment) and at 32-weeks (follow-up) of the program.
DISCUSSION
Most of the interventions designed for ASD children target either their psychological traits or physical conditions, without bridging the two states. With the recognition of bidirectional relations between mental and physical health, the present game-based exercise program which includes multiple level of difficulties was developed to equip ASD children with the necessary skills for engaging in sustainable team sports or even professional sport training. The program, if effective, will provide an entertaining and engaging training for whole-person development among children with ASD.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This study is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( ChiCTR-IOR-17011898 ). Registered 6 July 2017.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Child, Preschool; Exercise; Female; Games, Recreational; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Mental Health; Physical Fitness; Sports; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29486750
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1635-9 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2020With the significant decrease in physical activity rates, the importance of intervention programs in the schools, where children spend a significant part of the day, has...
With the significant decrease in physical activity rates, the importance of intervention programs in the schools, where children spend a significant part of the day, has become indisputable. The purpose of this review is to systematically examine the possibility of school-based interventions on promoting physical activity and physical fitness as well as preventing obesity. A systematic approach adopting PRISMA statement was implemented in this study. Three different databases (2010-2019) were screened and primary and secondary school-based intervention programs measuring at least one variable of obesity, physical activity, or physical fitness were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the validated quality assessment tool for quantitative studies. Among 395 potentially related studies, 19 studies were found to meet the eligibility criteria. A general look at the studies examined reveals that among the outcomes, of which most (18/19) were examined, a significant improvement was provided in at least one of them. When the program details are examined, it can be said that the success rate of the physical activity-oriented programs is higher in all variables. School-based interventions can have important potential for obesity prevention and promotion of physical activity and fitness if they focus more on the content, quality, duration and priority of the physical activity.
Topics: Adolescent; Behavior Therapy; Child; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Male; Obesity; Physical Fitness; School Health Services; Students
PubMed: 31947891
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010347 -
BMC Public Health Jan 2018This study examined associations between students' physical fitness and physical activity (PA), as well as what specific physical fitness components were more... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
BACKGROUND
This study examined associations between students' physical fitness and physical activity (PA), as well as what specific physical fitness components were more significant correlates to being physically active in different settings for boys and girls.
METHODS
A total of 265 fifth-grade students with an average age of 11 voluntarily participated in this study. The students' physical fitness was assessed using four FitnessGram tests, including Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER), curl-up, push-up, and trunk lift tests. The students' daily PA was assessed in various settings using a daily PA log for 7 days. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, univariate analyses, and multiple R-squared liner regression methods.
RESULTS
Performance on the four physical fitness tests was significantly associated with the PA minutes spent in physical education (PE) class and recess for the total sample and for girls, but not for boys. Performance on the four fitness tests was significantly linked to participation in sports/dances outside school and the total weekly PA minutes for the total sample, boys, and girls. Further, boys and girls who were the most physically fit spent significantly more time engaging in sports/dances and had greater total weekly PA than boys and girls who were not physically fit. In addition, the physically fit girls were more physically active in recess than girls who were not physically fit.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, students' performance on the four physical fitness tests was significantly associated with them being physically active during PE and in recess and engaging in sports/dances, as well as with their total weekly PA minutes, but not with their participation in non-organized physical play outside school.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03015337 , registered date: 1/09/2017, as "retrospectively registered".
Topics: Child; Exercise; Female; Humans; Leisure Activities; Male; Physical Education and Training; Physical Fitness; Schools; Students; Time Factors
PubMed: 29378563
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5107-4 -
Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the... Oct 2020Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms for which only symptomatic treatments exist. Exercise is a... (Review)
Review
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms for which only symptomatic treatments exist. Exercise is a widely studied complementary treatment option. Aerobic exercise, defined as continuous movement of the body's large muscles in a rhythmic manner for a sustained period that increases caloric requirements and aims at maintaining or improving physical fitness, appears promising. We performed both a scoping review and a systematic review on the generic and disease-specific health benefits of aerobic exercise for people with PD. We support this by a meta-analysis on the effects on physical fitness (VOmax), motor symptoms (Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) motor section), and health-related quality of life (39-item Parkinson's disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39)). Aerobic exercise has generic health benefits for people with PD, including a reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease, a lower mortality, and an improved bone health. Additionally, there is level 1 evidence that aerobic exercise improves physical fitness (VOmax) and attenuates motor symptoms (MDS-UPDRS motor section) in the off-medication state, although the long-term effects (beyond 6 months) remain unclear. Dosing the exercise matters: improvements appear to be greater after training at higher intensities compared with moderate intensities. We found insufficient evidence for a beneficial effect of aerobic exercise on health-related quality of life (PDQ-39) and conflicting results regarding non-motor symptoms. Compliance to exercise regimes is challenging for PD patients but may be improved by adding exergaming elements to the training program. Aerobic exercise seems a safe intervention for people with PD, although care must be taken to avoid falls in at-risk individuals. Further studies are needed to establish the long term of aerobic exercise, including a focus on non-motor symptoms and health-related quality of life.
Topics: Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Physical Fitness; Quality of Life
PubMed: 32808252
DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00904-8 -
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes May 2018Quality of life of people with severe mental illness may be decrease by the high occurrence of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Physical fitness emerges as a...
BACKGROUND
Quality of life of people with severe mental illness may be decrease by the high occurrence of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Physical fitness emerges as a modifying factor in this population through physical activity and this modification could influence in the quality of life of this population. The aim of the present study is to determine the contribution of physical fitness to the quality of life of people with severe mental illness.
METHODS
In the current study, a physiotherapist and an occupational therapist assessed 62 people with severe mental illness. Physical fitness was measured with a range of 11 fitness tests that covered flexibility, strength, balance, and endurance. To assess quality of life the EQ-5D-3 L scale was used, which measures five dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain-discomfort, and anxiety-depression).
RESULTS
Significant correlations are presented between the quality of life and primary variables of physical fitness (balance, endurance, and upper limb strength). Endurance explained 22.9% of the variance of the quality of life in people with severe mental illness. Functional reach added another 36.2% variance to the prediction of quality of life.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of the present study suggest that some variables of physical fitness are associated with quality of life in people with severe mental illness. The improvement in physical fitness of this population should be a primary objective.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02413164 "retrospective registered" Registered Febr 2017.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Physical Fitness; Quality of Life; Retrospective Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 29720196
DOI: 10.1186/s12955-018-0909-8 -
The Journal of Sports Medicine and... May 2018Few studies examined the validity of fitness tests based on perception scales. The field-based fitness tests batteries are composed by maximal tests and currently, a...
BACKGROUND
Few studies examined the validity of fitness tests based on perception scales. The field-based fitness tests batteries are composed by maximal tests and currently, a battery of submaximal tests does not exist.
METHODS
Seventeen physically active male participants (age 40.5±10.7 years) performed the Multistage Fitness Test, the Crunch Test, the Push-Up Test and a Trunk Flexion Test with a submaximal protocol based on perceptual variables that were defined as non-validated submaximal. The mentioned tests were repeated three times to assess their reliability. The participants also performed four validated maximal tests comprising a velocity dependent ramp test on the treadmill, the Crunch Test, the Push-Up Test, and Sit-and-Reach Test. The submaximal tests were correlated to the maximal ones to assess their criterion validity.
RESULTS
All the submaximal tests showed an ICC superior to 0.8 apart from the submaximal Crunch Test. The correlation between Maximal Treadmill Test and submaximal Multistage Fitness Test was 0.77. The correlation between Sit-and-Reach Test and submaximal Trunk Flexion Test was 0.71. Correlations equal to 0.66 and 0.60 were found between the maximal and submaximal Crunch Test and Push-Up Test respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The use of submaximal tests based on a fixed value of perception can represent a suitable tool to assess cardiorespiratory fitness and flexibility because of their correlation with the corresponding maximal evaluation tests and because of their reliability. On the contrary, muscular endurance capacity seems not to be assessable in the same manner.
Topics: Adult; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Exercise Test; Exercise Tolerance; Humans; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Perception; Physical Fitness; Reference Values; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 28362074
DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07199-7 -
PloS One 2020Basketball is a court-based team-sport that requires a broad array of demands (physiological, mechanical, technical, tactical) in training and competition which makes it... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Basketball is a court-based team-sport that requires a broad array of demands (physiological, mechanical, technical, tactical) in training and competition which makes it important for practitioners to understand the stress imposed on the basketball player during practice and match-play. Therefore, the main aim of the present systematic review is to investigate the training and match-play demands of basketball in elite, sub-elite, and youth competition. A search of five electronic databases (PubMed, SportDiscus, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane) was conducted until December 20th, 2019. Articles were included if the study: (i) was published in English; (ii) contained internal or external load variables from basketball training and/or competition; and (iii) reported physiological or metabolic demands of competition or practice. Additionally, studies were classified according to the type of study participants into elite (20), sub-elite (9), and youth (6). A total of 35 articles were included in the systematic review. Results indicate that higher-level players seem to be more efficient while moving on-court. When compared to sub-elite and youth, elite players cover less distance at lower average velocities and with lower maximal and average heart rate during competition. However, elite-level players have a greater bandwidth to express higher velocity movements. From the present systematic review, it seems that additional investigation on this topic is warranted before a "clear picture" can be drawn concerning the acceleration and deceleration demands of training and competition. It is necessary to accurately and systematically assess competition demands to provide appropriate training strategies that resemble match-play.
Topics: Basketball; Humans; Physical Fitness; Youth Sports
PubMed: 32134965
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229212