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Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Nov 2022Fermentation is a green, low-carbon and sustainable process for the production of food, chemicals, fuels, and materials by using microbial strains as biocatalysts and... (Review)
Review
Fermentation is a green, low-carbon and sustainable process for the production of food, chemicals, fuels, and materials by using microbial strains as biocatalysts and renewable resources such as starch and biomass as feedstocks. China has the world's largest fermentation industry, the scale of amino acids, vitamins, and some other fermentation products accounted for 60%-80% of the global market share. The development of fermentation industry is of great significance for the strategic goal of "carbon neutralization and carbon peak" and the development of bioeconomy. Microbial strains are the core of fermentation industry, which directly decide what kind of chemical can be produced from what kind of feedstock at what cost. Innovating industrial strains to improve the conversion efficiency of raw materials, increase the production level, and expand product portfolio is the key to the high-quality development of fermentation industry. In recent years, the development of synthetic biology and systems biology has further deepened the understanding of the physiological and metabolic mechanisms of microbial chassis and accelerated the development of gene editing and other enabling technologies for strain design and engineering. All these advances have provided new driving force for the upgrading of industrial strains. This review focused on the representative fermentation products including amino acids, B vitamins, citric acid, and bio-ethanol. The latest progress of strain development for fermentation industry was reviewed from the perspective of basic research and technology innovation for industrial microbial chassis. How the integration of artificial intelligence and automation with life science will reshape the upgrading of industrial strains was also discussed.
Topics: Fermentation; Artificial Intelligence; Vitamin K; Amino Acids; Carbon
PubMed: 37699686
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.220611 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Dec 2022Salmonella is an important foodborne pathogen, and it is unable to produce the quorum sensing signaling molecules called acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs). However, it...
Salmonella is an important foodborne pathogen, and it is unable to produce the quorum sensing signaling molecules called acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs). However, it synthesizes the SdiA protein, detecting AHL molecules, also known as autoinducer-1 (AI-1), in the external environment. Exogenous AHLs can regulate specific genes related to virulence and stress response in Salmonella. Thus, interfering with quorum sensing can be a strategy to reduce virulence and help elucidate the cell-to-cell communication role in the pathogens' response to extracellular signals. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the quorum sensing inhibitors furanone and phytol on phenotypes regulated by N-dodecanoyl homoserine lactone (C12-HSL) in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. The furanone C30 at 50 nM and phytol at 2 mM canceled the alterations promoted by C12-HSL on glucose consumption and the levels of free cellular thiol in Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 578 under anaerobic conditions. In silico analysis suggests that these compounds can bind to the SdiA protein of Salmonella Enteritidis and accommodate in the AHL binding pocket. Thus, furanone C30 and phytol act as antagonists of AI-1 and are likely inhibitors of the quorum sensing mechanism mediated by AHL in Salmonella.
Topics: Acyl-Butyrolactones; Phytol; Trans-Activators; Bacterial Proteins; Quorum Sensing; Salmonella enteritidis; Phenotype
PubMed: 35947344
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00809-y -
Journal of the American College of... Oct 2019
Topics: Anticoagulants; Atrial Fibrillation; Humans; Osteoporotic Fractures; Stroke; Vitamin K; Warfarin
PubMed: 31648708
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.08.1026 -
Nutrients Nov 2023Vitamin K (VK), a fat-soluble vitamin, is essential for the clotting of blood because of its role in the production of clotting factors in the liver. Moreover,... (Review)
Review
Vitamin K (VK), a fat-soluble vitamin, is essential for the clotting of blood because of its role in the production of clotting factors in the liver. Moreover, researchers continue to explore the role of VK as an emerging novel bioactive molecule with the potential function of improving bone health. This review focuses on the effects of VK on bone health and related mechanisms, covering VK research history, homologous analogs, dietary sources, bioavailability, recommended intake, and deficiency. The information summarized here could contribute to the basic and clinical research on VK as a natural dietary additive and drug candidate for bone health. Future research is needed to extend the dietary VK database and explore the pharmacological safety of VK and factors affecting VK bioavailability to provide more support for the bone health benefits of VK through more clinical trials.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin K; Vitamin K Deficiency; Bone and Bones; Blood Coagulation; Vitamins; Vitamin K 2; Vitamin K 1
PubMed: 38068793
DOI: 10.3390/nu15234935 -
Calcified Tissue International Feb 2023Vitamin K, a cofactor for the γ-glutamyl carboxylase enzyme, is required for the post-translational activation of osteocalcin and matrix Gla protein, which play a key... (Review)
Review
Vitamin K, a cofactor for the γ-glutamyl carboxylase enzyme, is required for the post-translational activation of osteocalcin and matrix Gla protein, which play a key role in bone and muscle homeostasis. In vivo and in vitro models for osteoporosis and sarcopenia suggest the vitamin K could exert a positive effect in both conditions. In bone, it increases osteoblastogenesis, whilst decreases osteoclast formation and function. In muscle, it is associated with increased satellite cell proliferation and migration and might play a role in energy metabolism. Observational trials suggest that high levels of vitamin K are associated with increased bone mineral density and reduced fracture risk. However, interventional studies for vitamin K supplementation yielded conflicting results. Clinical trials in sarcopenia suggest that vitamin K supplementation could improve muscle mass and function. One of the main limitations on the vitamin K studies are the technical challenges to measure its levels in serum. Thus, they are obtained from indirect sources like food questionnaires, or levels of undercarboxylated proteins, which can be affected by other environmental or biological processes. Although current research appoints to a beneficial effect of vitamin K in bone and muscle, further studies overcoming the current limitations are required in order to incorporate this supplementation in the clinical management of patients with osteosarcopenia.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin K; Bone Density; Sarcopenia; Bone and Bones; Osteocalcin; Muscles
PubMed: 35150288
DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-00955-3 -
Indian Pediatrics Jun 2019
Topics: Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Vitamin K
PubMed: 31278222
DOI: No ID Found -
Trends in Molecular Medicine Oct 2022Phylloquinone (vitamin K1) and menaquinones (vitamin K2 family) are essential for post-translational γ-carboxylation of a small number of proteins, including clotting... (Review)
Review
Phylloquinone (vitamin K1) and menaquinones (vitamin K2 family) are essential for post-translational γ-carboxylation of a small number of proteins, including clotting factors. These modified proteins have now been implicated in diverse physiological and pathological processes including cancer. Vitamin K intake has been inversely associated with cancer incidence and mortality in observational studies. Newly discovered functions of vitamin K in cancer cells include activation of the steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) and regulation of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. We provide an update of vitamin K biology, non-canonical mechanisms of vitamin K actions, the potential functions of vitamin K-dependent proteins in cancer, and observational trials on vitamin K intake and cancer.
Topics: Biology; Humans; Neoplasms; Pregnane X Receptor; Proteins; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 36028390
DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.07.002 -
Nutrients Apr 2023Vitamin K occupies a unique and often obscured place among its fellow fat-soluble vitamins. Evidence is mounting, however, that vitamin K (VK) may play an important role... (Review)
Review
Vitamin K occupies a unique and often obscured place among its fellow fat-soluble vitamins. Evidence is mounting, however, that vitamin K (VK) may play an important role in the visual system apart from the hepatic carboxylation of hemostatic-related proteins. However, to our knowledge, no review covering the topic has appeared in the medical literature. Recent studies have confirmed that matrix Gla protein (MGP), a vitamin K-dependent protein (VKDP), is essential for the regulation of intraocular pressure in mice. The PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) study, a randomized trial involving 5860 adults at risk for cardiovascular disease, demonstrated a 29% reduction in the risk of cataract surgery in participants with the highest tertile of dietary vitamin K1 (PK) intake compared with those with the lowest tertile. However, the specific requirements of the eye and visual system (EVS) for VK, and what might constitute an optimized VK status, is currently unknown and largely unexplored. It is, therefore, the intention of this narrative review to provide an introduction concerning VK and the visual system, review ocular VK biology, and provide some historical context for recent discoveries. Potential opportunities and gaps in current research efforts will be touched upon in the hope of raising awareness and encouraging continued VK-related investigations in this important and highly specialized sensory system.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 1; Vitamins; Vitamin K Deficiency; Sense Organs; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 37111170
DOI: 10.3390/nu15081948 -
Archives of Osteoporosis Jun 2023This study assessed whether vitamin K, given with oral bisphosphonate, calcium and/or vitamin D has an additive effect on fracture risk in post-menopausal women with... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
UNLABELLED
This study assessed whether vitamin K, given with oral bisphosphonate, calcium and/or vitamin D has an additive effect on fracture risk in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis. No difference in bone density or bone turnover was observed although vitamin K supplementation led to a modest effect on parameters of hip geometry.
PURPOSE
Some clinical studies have suggested that vitamin K prevents bone loss and may improve fracture risk. The aim was to assess whether vitamin K supplementation has an additive effect on bone mineral density (BMD), hip geometry and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis (PMO) and sub-optimum vitamin K status receiving bisphosphonate, calcium and/or vitamin D treatment.
METHODS
We conducted a trial in 105 women aged 68.7[12.3] years with PMO and serum vitamin K ≤ 0.4 µg/L. They were randomised to 3 treatment arms; vitamin K (1 mg/day) arm, vitamin K arm (MK-4; 45 mg/day) or placebo for 18 months. They were on oral bisphosphonate and calcium and/or vitamin D. We measured BMD by DXA, hip geometry parameters using hip structural analysis (HSA) software and BTMs. Vitamin K or MK-4 supplementation was each compared to placebo. Intention to treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) analyses were performed.
RESULTS
Changes in BMD at the total hip, femoral neck and lumbar spine and BTMs; CTX and P1NP did not differ significantly following either K or MK-4 supplementation compared to placebo. Following PP analysis and correction for covariates, there were significant differences in some of the HSA parameters at the intertrochanter (IT) and femoral shaft (FS): IT endocortical diameter (ED) (% change placebo:1.5 [4.1], K arm: -1.02 [5.07], p = 0.04), FS subperiosteal/outer diameter (OD) (placebo: 1.78 [5.3], K arm: 0.46 [2.23] p = 0.04), FS cross sectional area (CSA) (placebo:1.47 [4.09],K arm: -1.02[5.07], p = 0.03).
CONCLUSION
The addition of vitamin K to oral bisphosphonate with calcium and/or vitamin D treatment in PMO has a modest effect on parameters of hip geometry. Further confirmatory studies are needed.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The study was registered at Clinicaltrial.gov:NCT01232647.
Topics: Female; Humans; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Vitamin K; Diphosphonates; Calcium; Fractures, Bone; Bone Density; Vitamins; Vitamin D; Vitamin K 1; Femur Neck; Calcium, Dietary; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37338608
DOI: 10.1007/s11657-023-01288-w -
Nutrients Jun 2023Vitamin K and vitamin K-dependent proteins have been reported to be associated with a large spectrum of age-related diseases. While most of these associations have been... (Review)
Review
Vitamin K and vitamin K-dependent proteins have been reported to be associated with a large spectrum of age-related diseases. While most of these associations have been deduced from observational studies, solid evidence for the direct impact of vitamin K on cellular senescence remains to be proven. As vitamin K status reflects the complexity of interactions between dietary intake, gut microbiome activity and health, we will demonstrate the pivotal role of the diet-microbiome-health axis in human ageing and exemplify how vitamin K is implicated therein. We propose that food quality (i.e., food pattern) should be highlighted beyond the quantity of total vitamin K intake. Instead of focusing on a single nutrient, exploring a healthy diet containing vitamin K may be more strategic. As such, healthy eating patterns can be used to make dietary recommendations for the public. Emerging evidence suggests that dietary vitamin K is a modulator of the diet-microbiome-health axis, and this needs to be incorporated into the investigation of the impact of vitamin K on gut microbial composition and metabolic activities, along with host health outcomes. In addition, we highlight several critical caveats that need to be acknowledged regarding the interplay between diet, vitamin K, gut microbiome and host health that is pivotal for elucidating the role of vitamin K in ageing and responding to the urgent call of healthy eating concerning public health.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Vitamin K; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Aging
PubMed: 37375631
DOI: 10.3390/nu15122727