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Bulletin of the World Health... 1974Tumours of the nervous system of animals are not as rare as has been commonly believed. In dogs, especially the brachycephalic breeds, these tumours occur as frequently...
Tumours of the nervous system of animals are not as rare as has been commonly believed. In dogs, especially the brachycephalic breeds, these tumours occur as frequently as in man. The tumours are grouped according to tissue of origin as follows: nerve cells, neuroepithelium, glia, peripheral nerves and nerve sheaths, meninges and vessels, the pineal and pituitary glands, and the craniopharyngeal duct. Tumours of the glia are relatively common and are divided into the following types: astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, glioblastoma, spongioblastoma, medulloblastoma, and unclassified gliomas.
Topics: Adenoma; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Cats; Cattle; Craniopharyngioma; Dogs; Ependymoma; Glioma; Horses; Medulloblastoma; Meningioma; Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue; Neurilemmoma; Neurofibroma; Papilloma; Pinealoma; Pituitary Neoplasms; Sarcoma; Swine
PubMed: 4371739
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Neurosciences in Rural... 2023
PubMed: 37692830
DOI: 10.25259/JNRP-2022-2-32 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Jul 2001Two male patients aged 26 and 18 years presented with vertebral metastases originating from pineoblastomas on which surgery had been performed 8 years and 5 months...
Two male patients aged 26 and 18 years presented with vertebral metastases originating from pineoblastomas on which surgery had been performed 8 years and 5 months earlier, respectively. In the first case in which the metastasis developed in the T8 corpus, the disease is presently under control after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous blood stem cell transplantation. The second patient (sacral metastasis), despite aggressive adjuvant therapy, died 2 years after the last operation because of spinal seeding. These uncommon cases are discussed with reference to the literature on extraneural metastases that originate from neuroepithelial tumors of the central nervous system.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain Neoplasms; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Pineal Gland; Pinealoma; Spinal Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 11419982
DOI: 10.5858/2001-125-0939-VMFP -
Simultaneous Bilateral Ophthalmic Artery Chemosurgery for Bilateral Retinoblastoma (Tandem Therapy).PloS One 2016Report on the 7-year experience with bilateral ophthalmic artery chemosurgery (OAC-Tandem therapy) for bilateral retinoblastoma.
OBJECTIVE
Report on the 7-year experience with bilateral ophthalmic artery chemosurgery (OAC-Tandem therapy) for bilateral retinoblastoma.
DESIGN
Retrospective, single institution study.
SUBJECTS
120 eyes of 60 children with bilateral retinoblastoma treated since March 2008.
METHODS
Retrospective review of all children treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering with bilateral ophthalmic artery chemosurgery (Melphalan, Carboplatin, Topotecan, Methotrexate) delivered in the same initial session to both naïve and previously treated eyes.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Ocular survival, metastatic disease, patient survival from metastases, second cancers, systemic adverse effects, need for transfusion of blood products, electroretinogram before and after treatment.
RESULTS
116 eyes were salvaged (4 eyes were enucleated: 3 because of progressive disease, 1 family choice). Kaplan Meier ocular survival was 99.2% at one year, 96.9% at 2 and 3 years and 94.9% for years 4 through 7. There were no cases of metastatic disease or metastatic deaths with a mean follow-up of 3.01 years. Two children developed second cancers (both pineoblastoma) and one of them died. Transfusion of blood products was required in 3 cases (4 transfusions), 1.9%. Two children developed fever/neutropenia requiring hospitalization (0.95%). ERGs were improved in 21.6% and unchanged after treatment in 52.5% of cases (increase or decrease of less than 25μV).
CONCLUSIONS
Bilateral ophthalmic artery chemosurgery is a safe and effective technique for managing bilateral retinoblastoma-even when eyes are advanced bilaterally, and if both eyes have progressed after systemic chemotherapy. Ocular survival was excellent (94.9% at 8 years), there were no cases of of metastatic disease and no deaths from metastatic disease, but children remain at risk for second cancers. In 21.6% of cases ERG function improved. Despite using chemotherapy in both eyes in the same session, systemic toxicity was low.
Topics: Carboplatin; Child; Child, Preschool; Electroretinography; Female; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Melphalan; Ophthalmic Artery; Retinal Neoplasms; Retinoblastoma; Retrospective Studies; Topotecan
PubMed: 27258771
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156806 -
Cureus May 2023Pineal tumors are quite rare and are fairly aggressive tumors seen in young adults and children. These tumors arise from the pineal region or recess from various types...
Pineal tumors are quite rare and are fairly aggressive tumors seen in young adults and children. These tumors arise from the pineal region or recess from various types of cells in the gland and structures located in close propinquity to the gland. Pineal gland tumors have a heterogeneous spectrum that includes pineal parenchymal tumors (PPTs) and papillary tumors of the pineal region (PTPR). The PPTs are further subclassified into pineocytomas (Grade 1), PPTs of intermediate differentiation (grade 2 or 3), and pineoblastomas (grade 4) based on the World Health Organization (WHO) grades and histopathological features. We discuss the case of an 11-year-old male child who presented with complaints of headache for 15 days, vomiting for seven days, and diplopia for four days. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a soft tissue density lesion was noticed in the posterior third ventricle region. Based on the location and the MRI findings, the differential diagnosis considered were a pineal lesion, a choroid plexus papilloma, or a meningioma. He underwent a right occipital ventriculoperitoneal shunt followed by total excision of the tumor, and the resected specimen was sent for histopathological examination. After pathologic examination, the diagnosis of pineoblastoma (grade 4) with features of a PPT of intermediate differentiation (grades 2-3) was revealed, and the same was confirmed on immunohistochemistry.
PubMed: 37273335
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38495 -
AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology Nov 2019Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors and pineoblastomas have traditionally been grouped together for treatment purposes. Molecular profiling of these tumors...
MRI Features of Histologically Diagnosed Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors and Pineoblastomas in Correlation with Molecular Diagnoses and Outcomes: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group ACNS0332 Trial.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors and pineoblastomas have traditionally been grouped together for treatment purposes. Molecular profiling of these tumors has revealed a number of distinct entities and has led to the term "CNS-primitive neuroectodermal tumors" being removed from the 2016 World Health Organization classification. The purpose of this study was to describe the MR imaging findings of histologically diagnosed primitive neuroectodermal tumors and pineoblastomas and correlate them with molecular diagnoses and outcomes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Histologically diagnosed primitive neuroectodermal tumors and pineoblastomas were enrolled in this Children's Oncology Group Phase III trial, and molecular classification was retrospectively completed using DNA methylation profiling. MR imaging features were systematically studied and correlated with molecular diagnoses and survival.
RESULTS
Of the 85 patients enrolled, 56 met the inclusion criteria, in whom 28 tumors were in pineal and 28 in nonpineal locations. Methylation profiling revealed a variety of diagnoses, including pineoblastomas ( = 27), high-grade gliomas ( = 17), embryonal tumors ( = 7), atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors ( = 3), and ependymomas ( = 2). Thus, 39% overall and 71% of nonpineal tumor diagnoses were discrepant with histopathology. Tumor location, size, margins, and edema were predictors of embryonal-versus-nonembryonal tumors. Larger size and ill-defined margins correlated with poor event-free survival, while metastatic disease by MR imaging did not.
CONCLUSIONS
In nonpineal locations, only a minority of histologically diagnosed primitive neuroectodermal tumors are embryonal tumors; therefore, high-grade glioma or ependymoma should be high on the radiographic differential. An understanding of molecularly defined tumor entities and their relative frequencies and locations will help the radiologist make more accurate predictions of the tumor types.
Topics: Adolescent; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Glioma; Humans; Infant; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive; Pineal Gland; Pinealoma; Retrospective Studies; Rhabdoid Tumor; Supratentorial Neoplasms; Teratoma; Young Adult
PubMed: 31601576
DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A6253 -
Journal of Neuro-oncology Sep 2017Craniospinal irradiation is standard radiotherapy (RT) for localized intracranial nongerminoma germ cell tumors (NGGCT). Given its toxicity, there is interest in using...
Craniospinal irradiation is standard radiotherapy (RT) for localized intracranial nongerminoma germ cell tumors (NGGCT). Given its toxicity, there is interest in using smaller fields. We examined outcomes of NGGCT patients receiving reduced-volume RT at a single institution. Records of 16 patients who received reduced-volume RT as part of definitive treatment between 1996 and 2016 were reviewed. Median age at presentation was 10.8 years (range 4.6-41.0 years). Ten patients had pineal tumors and 6 had suprasellar tumors. All received chemotherapy and 9 patients received second-look surgery thereafter. RT volume was tumor-only to a median of 54 Gy (range 50.4-54 Gy) in 3 patients and whole-ventricle irradiation to a median of 30.6 Gy (range 30.6-36 Gy) with a boost to 54 Gy in 13 patients. Median follow-up was 4.1 years (range 1.9-19.3 years). Three patients recurred locally at a median 9.9 months (range 9.6-10.6 months) after diagnosis, and one of these developed leptomeningeal relapse after 30 months. One patient expired from disease 2.6 years post-diagnosis and another due to stroke 19.3 years post-diagnosis. Fourteen patients are alive with no evidence of disease. Kaplan-Meier estimates of the 4-year overall survival and failure-free survival are 92% (95% confidence interval [CI], 57-99%) and 81% (95% CI 53-94%), respectively. Excellent disease control was observed in these patients with no initial relapses outside of these RT fields. The results of ACNS1123 may better delineate patterns of failure and identify subgroups likely to benefit from this approach.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Combined Modality Therapy; Cranial Irradiation; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Pinealoma; Retrospective Studies; Survival Analysis; Young Adult
PubMed: 28660318
DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2532-7 -
Cureus Dec 2015Pineoblastoma is a rare malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS), which arises from the parenchyma of the pineal gland. It is characterized by aggressive...
Pineoblastoma is a rare malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS), which arises from the parenchyma of the pineal gland. It is characterized by aggressive clinical behavior and frequent metastases along the craniospinal axis. Extraneural metastases may occur due to surgical seeding of tumor cells beyond the dura and/or hematogenous spread, ventriculoperitoneal shunting, or through Batson's plexus. To our knowledge, only six documented cases of intraosseous metastases of pineoblastoma are described in the literature. A 23-year-old female patient presented with clinical and radiological symptoms of a pineal tumor causing secondary hydrocephalus. After initial surgical treatment, chemotherapy, and local radiotherapy with craniospinal irradiation, she developed multiple metastases affecting the anterior skull base, intracranial meninges, frontal bone, and finally, the entire vertebral column. The patient received surgical treatment for the anterior skull base metastasis, repeated irradiation of the neuraxis, radiosurgical and radiotherapeutic procedures, and chemotherapy. The patient survived 57 months after the primary disease manifestation and died of multiple metastases. This presented case is the first known description of metastasis of pineoblastoma in the anterior cranial base. Multiple intracranial metastases were suppressed using CyberKnife radiation treatment and chemotherapy until massive involvement of spinal column occurred. Interestingly, no signs of brain radiation necrosis after repeated radiation treatments were observed, and the patient developed only moderate neurocognitive decline.
PubMed: 26858918
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.437 -
AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology Nov 2010PICCC is the rarest, most malignant primary intracranial GCT. The purpose of this study was to describe and characterize the MR imaging findings in a series of 7...
PICCC is the rarest, most malignant primary intracranial GCT. The purpose of this study was to describe and characterize the MR imaging findings in a series of 7 patients (6 males and 1 female; mean age, 11.9 years) with pathologically proved PICCC in our institution from 2004 to 2009. All tumors were located within the pineal (n = 6) or suprasellar (n = 1) regions. On T2-weighted MR imaging, the lesions appeared markedly heterogeneous with areas of both hypointensity and hyperintensity reflecting the histologic heterogeneity, including hemorrhage, fibrosis, cysts, or necrosis. Heterogeneous (n = 7), ringlike (n = 4), and/or intratumoral nodular (n = 3) enhancement was noted on T1-weighted images with gadolinium. These MR imaging findings, combined with patient age and serum β-HCG levels, may prove helpful in distinguishing PICCC from the more common primary brain tumors, thereby avoiding biopsy of this highly vascular tumor.
Topics: Adolescent; Calcinosis; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Child; Choriocarcinoma, Non-gestational; Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; Cysts; Female; Fibrosis; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Necrosis; Pineal Gland; Pinealoma; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 20616180
DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A2194 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2021Pineal gland tumors are exceedingly rare and account for 0.4-1.0% of brain neoplasms. Their rarity has confounded a clear understanding of the prognostic factors and...
INTRODUCTION
Pineal gland tumors are exceedingly rare and account for 0.4-1.0% of brain neoplasms. Their rarity has confounded a clear understanding of the prognostic factors and standards of care for these neoplasms. In this study, we aimed to investigate the incidence, prognostic indicators, and survival trend of tumors emanating from the pineal gland.
METHODS
We accessed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results (SEER) Program for pineal gland tumors from 1975-2016. A multivariate Cox regression model was used to investigate the impact of clinicopathological parameters on all-cause mortality. For survival trend analysis, we employed the Kaplan Meier curve and pairwise comparisons to examine the trend.
RESULTS
We found 1,792 and 310,003 pineal gland and brain neoplasms during 1975-2016 resulting in an incidence of 0.6%. In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, older age, male gender, non-germ cell tumor, and receipt of chemotherapy were significantly associated with poor survival ( < 0.001). The extent of resection and radiotherapy administration did not produce survival advantages. Our result also highlighted an increased survival of pineal gland tumors over the years.
CONCLUSION
Our study investigated the prognostic factors that influenced survival in patients with pineal gland tumors. Chemotherapy use adversely affected patient outcomes and should be considered carefully in specific circumstances to avoid its harmful effects. These findings provide important evidence to improve current standards of care for this rare group of tumors. The survival of pineal tumors has improved over time reflecting improvements in current practice.
PubMed: 34869031
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.780173