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Journal of Applied Oral Science :... 2022Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) are promising therapeutic agents in facial rejuvenation since they are a great source of cytokines, growth factors and other... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) are promising therapeutic agents in facial rejuvenation since they are a great source of cytokines, growth factors and other biologically active substances. Obtained from the patient's blood, they have the advantages of reducing immunological reactions, making the procedure safer, well tolerated, with minimal adverse effects and lower cost. Currently, they are used for facial rejuvenation both in combination with microneedling and in mesotherapy techniques, as well as to treat facial acne scars, melasma and wounds after laser ablative treatments. This review summarizes current knowledge on the use of APCs, ranging from basic concepts related to their composition and mechanisms of action to up-to-date information on their clinical efficacy.
METHODOLOGY
MEDLINE (PubMed) was searched from inception through 2021 for English language publications on APCs for facial rejuvenation.
RESULTS
A total of 100 files were found. Based on the available literature, APCs for skin rejuvenation are safe and well tolerated. The most studied product is the first-generation material, platelet-rich plasma (PRP).
CONCLUSIONS
The results are in general favorable, but the quality of the studies is low. The second and third generation products, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF), respectively, are easier to be obtained and, at least in vitro , seem to induce greater collagen production than PRP, especially under lower relative centrifugation forces, but to date only a few clinical trials evaluating these products exist. More high-quality trials with appropriate follow-up are necessary to provide adequate evidence that may help to improve the treatment regimens with APCs. Many aspects should be considered when designing clinical trials to evaluate APCs, such as the patients' characteristics that best predict a favorable response, the optimal number of sessions and the interval between them, the characteristics of the studies and the development of better instruments to evaluate skin aging.
Topics: Face; Humans; Platelet-Rich Fibrin; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Rejuvenation; Skin Aging
PubMed: 36074433
DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0020 -
Dental and Medical Problems 2023Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) are biological products derived from the plasma fraction of autologous blood that have a platelet concentration... (Review)
Review
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) are biological products derived from the plasma fraction of autologous blood that have a platelet concentration above that of the original blood. Cytokines and growth factors are present in platelet-based preparations, and their application has gained great attention in dentistry. The aim of this review was to comprehensively examine the latest scientific evidence on the use of PRF and PRP in oral surgery, and to describe current operational protocols. Platelet-rich fibrin is used after third molar extractions, in the treatment of alveolar osteitis and trismus, and in implant surgery. Platelet-rich plasma is utilized in sinus lift procedures, after tooth extractions, and in patients undergoing the treatment of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Based on this review, plenty of data indicates that the PRF-PRP usage in oral surgery shows promising results. However, no consistent protocols have been presented in the analyzed articles. Further research is needed to provide clinicians with evidence-based clinical recommendations and to develop protocols on the use of these preparations in dental surgery.
Topics: Humans; Platelet-Rich Fibrin; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Tooth Extraction; Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
PubMed: 37023345
DOI: 10.17219/dmp/147298 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2019The ability to produce cold plasma at atmospheric pressure conditions was the basis for the rapid growth of plasma-related application areas in biomedicine. Plasma... (Review)
Review
The ability to produce cold plasma at atmospheric pressure conditions was the basis for the rapid growth of plasma-related application areas in biomedicine. Plasma comprises a multitude of active components such as charged particles, electric current, UV radiation, and reactive gas species which can act synergistically. Anti-itch, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, tissue-stimulating, blood flow-enhancing, and proapoptotic effects were demonstrated in and experiments, and until now, no resistance of pathogens against plasma treatment was observed. The combination of the different active agents and their broad range of positive effects on various diseases, especially easily accessible skin diseases, renders plasma quite attractive for applications in medicine. For medical applications, two different types of cold plasma appear suitable: indirect (plasma jet) and direct (dielectric barrier discharge-DBD) plasma sources. The DBD device PlasmaDerm® VU-2010 (CINOGY Technologies GmbH), the atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) kINPen® MED (INP Greifswald/neoplas tools GmbH), and the SteriPlas (Adtec Ltd., London, United Kingdom) are CE-certified as a medical product to treat chronic wounds in humans and showed efficacy and a good tolerability. Recently, the use of plasma in cancer research and oncology is of particular interest. Plasma has been shown to induce proapoptotic effects more efficiently in tumor cells compared with the benign counterparts, leads to cellular senescence, and-as shown reduces skin tumors. To this end, a world-wide first Leibniz professorship for plasmabiotechnology in dermatology has been introduced to establish a scientific network for the investigation of the efficacy and safety of cold atmospheric plasma in dermatooncology. Hence, plasma medicine especially in dermatology holds great promise.
Topics: Dermatology; Humans; Plasma; Plasma Gases; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 31565150
DOI: 10.1155/2019/3873928 -
Current Protocols in Molecular Biology Apr 2012The metabolome is the terminal downstream product of the genome and consists of the total complement of all the low-molecular-weight molecules (metabolites) in a cell,...
The metabolome is the terminal downstream product of the genome and consists of the total complement of all the low-molecular-weight molecules (metabolites) in a cell, tissue, or organism. Metabolomics aims to measure a wide breadth of small molecules in the context of physiological stimuli or disease states. Metabolomics methodologies fall into two distinct groups: untargeted metabolomics, an intended comprehensive analysis of all the measurable analytes in a sample including chemical unknowns, and targeted metabolomics, the measurement of defined groups of chemically characterized and biochemically annotated metabolites. The methodologies considered in this unit focus on the processes of conducting targeted metabolomics experiments, and the advantages of this general approach are highlighted herein. This unit outlines procedures for extracting nitrogenous metabolites (including amino acids), lipids, and intermediary metabolites (including TCA cycle oxoacids) from blood plasma. Specifically, protocols are described for analyzing these metabolites using targeted metabolomics experiments based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Liquid; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Plasma
PubMed: 22470063
DOI: 10.1002/0471142727.mb3002s98 -
Journal of Extracellular Vesicles Sep 2021In this study we tested whether a protein corona is formed around extracellular vesicles (EVs) in blood plasma. We isolated medium-sized nascent EVs of THP1 cells as...
In this study we tested whether a protein corona is formed around extracellular vesicles (EVs) in blood plasma. We isolated medium-sized nascent EVs of THP1 cells as well as of Optiprep-purified platelets, and incubated them in EV-depleted blood plasma from healthy subjects and from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. EVs were subjected to differential centrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, or density gradient ultracentrifugation followed by mass spectrometry. Plasma protein-coated EVs had a higher density compared to the nascent ones and carried numerous newly associated proteins. Interactions between plasma proteins and EVs were confirmed by confocal microscopy, capillary Western immunoassay, immune electron microscopy and flow cytometry. We identified nine shared EV corona proteins (ApoA1, ApoB, ApoC3, ApoE, complement factors 3 and 4B, fibrinogen α-chain, immunoglobulin heavy constant γ2 and γ4 chains), which appear to be common corona proteins among EVs, viruses and artificial nanoparticles in blood plasma. An unexpected finding of this study was the high overlap of the composition of the protein corona with blood plasma protein aggregates. This is explained by our finding that besides a diffuse, patchy protein corona, large protein aggregates also associate with the surface of EVs. However, while EVs with an external plasma protein cargo induced an increased expression of TNF-α, IL-6, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells, EV-free protein aggregates had no effect. In conclusion, our data may shed new light on the origin of the commonly reported plasma protein 'contamination' of EV preparations and may add a new perspective to EV research.
Topics: Extracellular Vesicles; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Plasma; Protein Corona
PubMed: 34520123
DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12140 -
Molecular & Cellular Proteomics : MCP Nov 2002The human plasma proteome holds the promise of a revolution in disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring provided that major challenges in proteomics and related... (Review)
Review
The human plasma proteome holds the promise of a revolution in disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring provided that major challenges in proteomics and related disciplines can be addressed. Plasma is not only the primary clinical specimen but also represents the largest and deepest version of the human proteome present in any sample: in addition to the classical "plasma proteins," it contains all tissue proteins (as leakage markers) plus very numerous distinct immunoglobulin sequences, and it has an extraordinary dynamic range in that more than 10 orders of magnitude in concentration separate albumin and the rarest proteins now measured clinically. Although the restricted dynamic range of conventional proteomic technology (two-dimensional gels and mass spectrometry) has limited its contribution to the list of 289 proteins (tabulated here) that have been reported in plasma to date, very recent advances in multidimensional survey techniques promise at least double this number in the near future. Abundant scientific evidence, from proteomics and other disciplines, suggests that among these are proteins whose abundances and structures change in ways indicative of many, if not most, human diseases. Nevertheless, only a handful of proteins are currently used in routine clinical diagnosis, and the rate of introduction of new protein tests approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has paradoxically declined over the last decade to less than one new protein diagnostic marker per year. We speculate on the reasons behind this large discrepancy between the expectations arising from proteomics and the realities of clinical diagnostics and suggest approaches by which protein-disease associations may be more effectively translated into diagnostic tools in the future.
Topics: Biological Assay; Blood Proteins; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Humans; Plasma; Proteome; Reference Values
PubMed: 12488461
DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r200007-mcp200 -
Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer... Sep 2020Modern surgeries have advanced toward personalized minimal-invasive treatments with a high rate of clinical healing that facilitates the regeneration of tissues. One of... (Review)
Review
The use of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) in guided tissue regeneration and guided bone regeneration. A review of histological, immunohistochemical, histomorphometrical, radiological and clinical results in humans.
BACKGROUND
Modern surgeries have advanced toward personalized minimal-invasive treatments with a high rate of clinical healing that facilitates the regeneration of tissues. One of the leading approaches to deliver endogenous plasma- and platelet-derived growth factors is the plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF). This narrative review determines the effects of using PRGF in different oral surgical procedures including alveolar ridge augmentation, socket preservation, sinus floor augmentation and periodontal regeneration.
METHODS
For this narrative review, a literature search was conducted using PubMed and Researchgate. A combination of the following text words was used to maximize search specificity and sensitivity: "platelet-rich plasma", "PRP", "PRGF", "Platelet-rich growth factor", "socket preservation", "Extraction", "infra-bony pockets", "sinus floor augmentation", "randomized clinical controlled trials", "Alveolar osteitis", "Periodontal regeneration", "guided bone regeneration", "guided tissue regeneration".
RESULTS
Investigations have generally agreed that PRGF can promote and accelerate the healing process. PRGF optimizes the patient's quality of life by reducing pain, swelling and inflammation rate and also accelerates regeneration of soft tissue and bone tissue regeneration as well.
CONCLUSIONS
There is increasing evidence to support the use of PRGF in oral surgical procedures in order to improve the healing processes of the oral soft and hard tissues.
Topics: Bone Regeneration; Guided Tissue Regeneration; Humans; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Plasma; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Postoperative Complications; Quality of Life; Wound Healing
PubMed: 32376297
DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151528 -
Nature Medicine Mar 2021Multimorbidity, the simultaneous presence of multiple chronic conditions, is an increasing global health problem and research into its determinants is of high priority....
Multimorbidity, the simultaneous presence of multiple chronic conditions, is an increasing global health problem and research into its determinants is of high priority. We used baseline untargeted plasma metabolomics profiling covering >1,000 metabolites as a comprehensive readout of human physiology to characterize pathways associated with and across 27 incident noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) assessed using electronic health record hospitalization and cancer registry data from over 11,000 participants (219,415 person years). We identified 420 metabolites shared between at least 2 NCDs, representing 65.5% of all 640 significant metabolite-disease associations. We integrated baseline data on over 50 diverse clinical risk factors and characteristics to identify actionable shared pathways represented by those metabolites. Our study highlights liver and kidney function, lipid and glucose metabolism, low-grade inflammation, surrogates of gut microbial diversity and specific health-related behaviors as antecedents of common NCD multimorbidity with potential for early prevention. We integrated results into an open-access webserver ( https://omicscience.org/apps/mwasdisease/ ) to facilitate future research and meta-analyses.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolome; Middle Aged; Multimorbidity; Noncommunicable Diseases; Plasma
PubMed: 33707775
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01266-0 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2021Untargeted metabolomics has rapidly become a profiling method of choice in many areas of research, including mitochondrial biology. Most commonly, untargeted...
Untargeted metabolomics has rapidly become a profiling method of choice in many areas of research, including mitochondrial biology. Most commonly, untargeted metabolomics is performed with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry because it enables measurement of a relatively wide range of physiochemically diverse molecules. Specifically, to assess energy pathways that are associated with mitochondrial metabolism, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) is often applied before analysis with a high-resolution accurate mass instrument. The workflow produces large, complex data files that are impractical to analyze manually. Here, we present a protocol to perform untargeted metabolomics on biofluids such as plasma, urine, and cerebral spinal fluid with a HILIC separation and an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Our protocol describes each step of the analysis in detail, from preparation of solvents for chromatography to selecting parameters during data processing.
Topics: Cerebrospinal Fluid; Chromatography, Liquid; Humans; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Mitochondria; Plasma; Specimen Handling; Urine
PubMed: 34060055
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1266-8_27 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2021It is now more than 90 years since Irving Langmuir used the technical term "plasma" to describe an ionized gas [...].
It is now more than 90 years since Irving Langmuir used the technical term "plasma" to describe an ionized gas [...].
Topics: Biology; Humans; Plasma; Wound Healing
PubMed: 34064054
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115441