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Journal of Medical Case Reports Aug 2022Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease globally, while glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, an X-linked inherited disorder, is the most common...
BACKGROUND
Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease globally, while glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, an X-linked inherited disorder, is the most common erythrocyte enzyme defect. The association between the two in children has been infrequently reported.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report the case of a 10-year-old boy of Iraqi descent who presented to our emergency department with new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus without Diabetic Keto Acidosis. He was treated with subcutaneous insulin and discharged. Eleven days after hospitalization, he was found to be jaundiced during his home visit. Hence, he was referred to the pediatric unit, and his hemoglobin had declined from 130 g/L at the previous admission to 81 g/L. Blood tests revealed low haptoglobin, and his peripheral blood film showed anisocytosis, polychromasia, and occasional red cell fragments suggestive of acute hemolysis. His glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was very low, and his subsequent genetic tests confirmed Mediterranean-type glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
CONCLUSION
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in people with diabetes mellitus has been underreported in the literature so far, and screening of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency should be considered on diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, especially in boys of African, Mediterranean, or Asian descent.
Topics: Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Hemoglobins; Hemolysis; Humans; Male
PubMed: 36008815
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03549-7 -
Journal of Clinical Pathology Jul 1959
Topics: Anemia; Erythrocytes; Hematologic Diseases; Humans
PubMed: 13814332
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.12.4.322 -
Canadian Journal of Comparative... Jul 1972Packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) were not dependent on color type. Both were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the adult male mink as compared to the adult...
Packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) were not dependent on color type. Both were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the adult male mink as compared to the adult female. The total erythrocyte count was more variable but the parameter appeared unaffected by either sex or color types. Polychromasia, reticulocytes and the occasional normoblast, were present in peripheral mink blood smears. Rouleau, to some degree. was also seen. The most variable parameter was the total leukocyte count. The average lymphoidneutrophil ratio was 1:1.
Topics: Animals; Blood Cell Count; Color; Erythrocyte Count; Female; Hemoglobins; Leukocyte Count; Male; Mink; Reticulocytes; Sex Factors
PubMed: 4261842
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Veterinary Research Aug 2002To investigate the effects of preexisting FeLV infection or FeLV and feline immunodeficiency (FIV) coinfection on the pathogenicity of the small variant of...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of preexisting FeLV infection or FeLV and feline immunodeficiency (FIV) coinfection on the pathogenicity of the small variant of Haemobartonella felis (Hfsm, California variant) in cats.
ANIMALS
20 FeLV infected, 5 FeLV-FIV coinfected, and 19 retrovirus-free cats.
PROCEDURES
A client-owned cat, coinfected with FeLV and Hfsm, was the source for Hfsm. Inoculum 1 (FeLV free) was obtained by passage of source Hfsm through 4 FeLV-resistant cats. Inoculum 2 was obtained by further passage of Hfsm (inoculum 1) through 2 specific pathogen-free cats.
RESULTS
A mild-to-moderate anemia started 21 days after inoculation, with its nadir occurring at 35 to 42 days after inoculation. Infection with Hfsm induced greater decrease in hemoglobin concentration in FeLV infected cats, compared with retrovirus free cats. Reticulocytosis, macrocytosis, and polychromasia of erythrocytes developed in anemic cats regardless of retrovirus infection status. Mean neutrophil counts decreased during the hemolytic episode. For most cats, the anemia was transient. Four FeLV infected cats, 1 of which was also FIV infected, developed fatal FeLV-associated myeloproliferative diseases. Of the surviving cats, 8 died over the next 24 months from other FeLV-related diseases. Hemolysis did not recur after the initial episode. Inoculum 1 induced more severe anemia than inoculum 2.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Our results support the clinical observation that cats coinfected with FeLV and H felis develop more severe anemia than cats infected with H felis alone. Infection with Hfsm may induce myeloproliferative disease in FeLV infected cats. The small variant of H felis may lose pathogenicity by passage through FeLV-free cats.
Topics: Anaplasmataceae; Anaplasmataceae Infections; Anemia; Animals; Cats; Erythrocyte Count; Female; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline; Lentivirus Infections; Leukemia Virus, Feline; Leukemia, Feline; Leukocyte Count; Male; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
PubMed: 12171173
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.1172 -
International Journal For Parasitology.... Dec 2013The prevalence of five avian haemoparasite groups was examined for effects on health and associations with extrinsic factors. Overall, 786 samples were examined from six...
The prevalence of five avian haemoparasite groups was examined for effects on health and associations with extrinsic factors. Overall, 786 samples were examined from six sites in two Georgia (USA) watersheds, during breeding and non-breeding periods in 2010 and 2011. Among the four most commonly infected species, Haemoproteus prevalence was significantly higher in Northern Cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) compared to Indigo Buntings (Passerina cyanea) and Tufted Titmice (Baeolophus bicolor) while prevalence in White-throated Sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis) was significantly higher than in Indigo Buntings. Higher prevalence of Plasmodium was noted in Tufted Titmice and Northern Cardinals. While Leucocytozoon prevalence was highest in White-throated Sparrows, Trypanosoma prevalence was highest in Tufted Titmice. Interesting differences in infection probabilities were noted between foraging guilds with Haemoproteus associated with low-middle level strata and birds in the middle-upper strata were more likely to be infected with Plasmodium and Trypanosoma. In contrast, ground-foraging birds were more likely to be infected with Leucocytozoon. Breeding season was correlated with higher polychromasia counts and higher prevalence of Haemoproteus, Plasmodium and Trypanosoma. In addition, prevalence of infection with certain haemoparasite genera and packed cell volume (PCV) were different among host species. Body mass index was inversely correlated with prevalence of microfilaria infection but positively related to Haemoproteus infection. However, we found no relationship between PCV or polychromasia levels with haemoparasite infection. Molecular characterization of 61 samples revealed 19 unique Haemoproteus (n = 7) and Plasmodium (n = 12) haplotypes with numerous new host records. No differences were noted in haplotype diversity among birds with different migratory behaviors or foraging heights, thus additional studies are needed that incorporate molecular analysis, host biology, and vector biology into comprehensive models on parasite ecology. Detailed morphological examination of these parasites is also necessary to determine if closely related haplotypes represent single species or morphologically distinct, but closely related, haplotypes.
PubMed: 24533333
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2013.04.005 -
Journal of Virology Apr 2009The genome organization of the novel human papillomavirus type 108 (HPV108), isolated from a low-grade cervical lesion, deviates from those of other HPVs in lacking an...
The genome organization of the novel human papillomavirus type 108 (HPV108), isolated from a low-grade cervical lesion, deviates from those of other HPVs in lacking an E6 gene. The three related HPV types HPV103, HPV108, and HPV101 were isolated from cervicovaginal cells taken from normal genital mucosa (HPV103) and low-grade (HPV108) and high-grade cervical (HPV101) intraepithelial neoplasia (Z. Chen, M. Schiffman, R. Herrero, R. DeSalle, and R. D. Burk, Virology 360:447-453, 2007, and this report). Their unusual genome organization, against the background of considerable phylogenetic distance from the other HPV types usually associated with lesions of the genital tract, prompted us to investigate whether HPV108 E7 per se is sufficient to induce the above-mentioned clinical lesions. Expression of HPV108 E7 in organotypic keratinocyte cultures increases proliferation and apoptosis, focal nuclear polymorphism, and polychromasia. This is associated with irregular intra- and extracellular lipid accumulation and loss of the epithelial barrier. These alterations are linked to HPV108 E7 binding to pRb and inducing its decrease, an increase in PCNA expression, and BrdU incorporation, as well as increased p53 and p21(CIP1) protein levels. A delay in keratin K10 expression, increased expression of keratins K14 and K16, and loss of the corneal proteins involucrin and loricrin have also been noted. These modifications are suggestive of infection by a high-risk papillomavirus.
Topics: Adult; Apoptosis; Cell Proliferation; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; DNA, Viral; Female; Genome, Viral; Humans; Keratinocytes; Lipid Metabolism; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; Papillomavirus Infections; United States; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 19153227
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02490-08 -
International Journal of General... 2013Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is one of the most common human enzyme deficiencies in the world. It is particularly common in populations living in...
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is one of the most common human enzyme deficiencies in the world. It is particularly common in populations living in malaria-endemic areas, affecting more than 400 million people worldwide. This present study was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence of G6PD deficiency among children visiting the Emergency Paediatric Unit of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital for pediatric-related care. The study included 118 children, made up of 77 (65.3%) males and 41 (34.7%) females aged ≤5 years with mean age of 3.26 ± 1.90 years. Randox G6PD quantitative in vitro test screening was used for the diagnosis of G6PD deficiency. Of the 118 children tested, 17 (14.4%) were G6PD-deficient. Prevalence of G6PD deficiency was concentrated predominantly among male children (22.1%). Male sex was significantly correlated with G6PD deficiency among the children studied (r = 7.85, P = 0.01). The highest prevalence occurred among children in the 2- to 5-year age-group. Of the 17 G6PD-deficient children, twelve (70.2%) were moderately deficient, while five (29.4%) were severely deficient. Blood film from G6PD-deficient children indicated the following morphological changes; Heinz bodies, schistocytes, target cells, nucleated red cells, spherocytes, and polychromasia. This present study has shown a high prevalence of G6PD deficiency among children residing in Sokoto in the northwestern geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The study indicated a male sex bias in the prevalence of G6PD deficiency among the children studied. There is a need for the routine screening of children for G6PD deficiency in our environment, to allow for evidence-based management of these children and to ensure the avoidance of food, drugs, and infective agents that can potentially predispose these children to oxidative stress as well as diseases that deplete micronutrients that protect against oxidative stress. There is need to build capacity in our setting among pediatricians to ensure the effective management of children with G6PD deficiency.
PubMed: 23874116
DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S43757 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... May 20114 rabbits (1.5 to 6 years old) were evaluated at the Angell Animal Medical Center from June 2007 to March 2009 because of nonspecific clinical signs including anorexia,...
CASE DESCRIPTION
4 rabbits (1.5 to 6 years old) were evaluated at the Angell Animal Medical Center from June 2007 to March 2009 because of nonspecific clinical signs including anorexia, lethargy, and decreased fecal output.
CLINICAL FINDINGS
Physical examination revealed signs of pain in the cranial portion of the abdomen, gas distention of the gastrointestinal tract, and diminished borborygmi. Serum biochemical analyses and CBCs revealed moderately to markedly high alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities and mild to moderate anemia with polychromasia. Abdominal radiographic findings were nonspecific. Three of the 4 rabbits underwent abdominal ultrasonography; abnormalities in shape, size, echogenicity, and blood flow of the liver, indicative of liver lobe torsion, were detected.
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME
All 4 rabbits underwent surgery, during which liver lobe torsion was confirmed and the affected liver lobe was resected. Histologic examination of sections of the excised lobe obtained from 3 of the 4 rabbits revealed severe, diffuse, acute to sub-acute hepatic ischemic necrosis. All rabbits recovered from surgery; owners reported that the rabbits were doing well 22 to 43 months after surgery.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Liver lobe torsions in any species are rarely reported, yet 4 cases of liver lobe torsion in domestic rabbits were treated at 1 referral center in a 2-year period. In rabbits, clinical signs of this condition are nonspecific and results of additional tests, including abdominal ultrasonography and serum biochemical analysis, are necessary for diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis and hepatectomy of the affected lobe are recommended and appear to be associated with an excellent prognosis.
Topics: Animals; Female; Hepatectomy; Liver; Liver Diseases; Male; Rabbits; Torsion Abnormality
PubMed: 21529241
DOI: 10.2460/javma.238.9.1176 -
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic... Oct 2015Haemoglobin H disease, also known as the alpha-thalassaemia is characterized by the presence of HbH inclusions in red blood cells, detectable on supra-vital stain. We...
Haemoglobin H disease, also known as the alpha-thalassaemia is characterized by the presence of HbH inclusions in red blood cells, detectable on supra-vital stain. We present a case of a previously asymptomatic 31-year-old male, who insidiously developed anaemia and had prominent splenomegaly. Peripheral smear examination revealed microcytic hypochromic anaemia with numerous spherocytes and moderate polychromasia. In reticulocyte preparation with Brilliant cresyl blue, HbH inclusions were mistakenly identified as granulofilamentous reticulum of reticulocytes, giving a spuriously high reticulocyte percentage. After the literature review, repeat assessment was performed and with the aid of high performance liquid chromatography result, it was possible to delineate the HbH inclusions.
PubMed: 26557534
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/13649.6657 -
Japanese Journal of Medicine 1990We studied a patient with severe anemia and jaundice who exhibited a high hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) level secondary to an increase in HbF despite normal glucose tolerance....
We studied a patient with severe anemia and jaundice who exhibited a high hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) level secondary to an increase in HbF despite normal glucose tolerance. The red blood cells showed anisocytosis, poikilocytosis and polychromasia; target cells, Howell-Jolly bodies, Heints bodies and punctate basophilia were observed. No defect or reduction in activity was observed in 19 red cell enzymes. A family history of similar anemia in the patient's daughter and cousins on the mother's side indicated an involvement of genetic factors. Gene cloning and DNA analysis showed that the condition is a new type of beta 0-thalassemia caused by a nonsense mutation (GAG----TAG) in codon 90 of the beta-globin gene.
Topics: Adult; Base Composition; Base Sequence; Codon; Erythrocytes; Female; Globins; Hemoglobin A; Humans; Jaundice; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Pedigree; Thalassemia
PubMed: 2214342
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine1962.29.2