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Journal of Neuroinflammation Jun 2023Autoimmune neuropathies can result in long-term disability and incomplete recovery, despite adequate first-line therapy. Kinesin-5 inhibition was shown to accelerate...
BACKGROUND
Autoimmune neuropathies can result in long-term disability and incomplete recovery, despite adequate first-line therapy. Kinesin-5 inhibition was shown to accelerate neurite outgrowth in different preclinical studies. Here, we evaluated the potential neuro-regenerative effects of the small molecule kinesin-5 inhibitor monastrol in a rodent model of acute autoimmune neuropathies, experimental autoimmune neuritis.
METHODS
Experimental autoimmune neuritis was induced in Lewis rats with the neurogenic P2-peptide. At the beginning of the recovery phase at day 18, the animals were treated with 1 mg/kg monastrol or sham and observed until day 30 post-immunisation. Electrophysiological and histological analysis for markers of inflammation and remyelination of the sciatic nerve were performed. Neuromuscular junctions of the tibialis anterior muscles were analysed for reinnervation. We further treated human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived secondary motor neurons with monastrol in different concentrations and performed a neurite outgrowth assay.
RESULTS
Treatment with monastrol enhanced functional and histological recovery in experimental autoimmune neuritis. Motor nerve conduction velocity at day 30 in the treated animals was comparable to pre-neuritis values. Monastrol-treated animals showed partially reinnervated or intact neuromuscular junctions. A significant and dose-dependent accelerated neurite outgrowth was observed after kinesin-5 inhibition as a possible mode of action.
CONCLUSION
Pharmacological kinesin-5 inhibition improves the functional outcome in experimental autoimmune neuritis through accelerated motor neurite outgrowth and histological recovery. This approach could be of interest to improve the outcome of autoimmune neuropathy patients.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Humans; Neuritis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Kinesins; Rats, Inbred Lew; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
PubMed: 37296476
DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02822-w -
Yonsei Medical Journal Sep 2021Parsonage-Turner syndrome is a rare neurological disease of varying etiology characterized by severe shoulder pain, muscle weakness, and atrophy. Mechanisms are unclear,...
Parsonage-Turner syndrome is a rare neurological disease of varying etiology characterized by severe shoulder pain, muscle weakness, and atrophy. Mechanisms are unclear, but are thought to be genetic and immune-mediated reactions. Rarely, Parsonage-Turner syndrome occurs as a side effect of vaccination. A 20-year-old male who worked as a soldier visited the military hospital because of shoulder pain after vaccination against typhoid and was diagnosed with Parsonage-Turner syndrome based on electromyography and joint magnetic resonance imaging. Pain was controlled with a nerve block. Intravenous immunoglobulin was administered for improvement of neurologic symptoms. This case suggests that Parsonage-Turner syndrome should be considered as a side effect of vaccination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Parsonage-Turner syndrome following vaccination in Korea.
Topics: Adult; Brachial Plexus Neuritis; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Shoulder; Typhoid Fever; Vaccination; Young Adult
PubMed: 34427074
DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2021.62.9.868 -
The Iowa Orthopaedic Journal 2002Idiopathic brachial neuritis is a well defined clinical condition that most commonly affects young adults, seen usually by primary care physicians, neurologists or...
Idiopathic brachial neuritis is a well defined clinical condition that most commonly affects young adults, seen usually by primary care physicians, neurologists or orthopaedic surgeons. Its onset is characterized by acute, aching shoulder pain lasting a few days to weeks, followed by progressive shoulder girdle and upper extremity weakness and atrophy, with a slow but progressive recovery of motor function over 6 to 18 months. Its early recognition can help avoid unnecessary and potentially harmful diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, and avoid delays in prescribing appropriate therapies that may be helpful only early in the course of the disease. We present a case of idiopathic brachial neuritis and discuss important aspects of the disease and difficulties in reaching the correct diagnosis.
Topics: Brachial Plexus Neuritis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis
PubMed: 12180618
DOI: No ID Found -
The British Journal of Venereal Diseases Mar 1954
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Leprosy; Neuritis; Syphilis; Syphilis, Cutaneous; Ulcer
PubMed: 13149861
DOI: 10.1136/sti.30.1.44 -
Atencion Primaria Nov 2007
Topics: Aged; Brachial Plexus Neuritis; Herpes Zoster; Humans; Male
PubMed: 18001648
DOI: 10.1157/13112202 -
Neurology India 2022Central or atypical skull base osteomyelitis (CSBO) often presents with severe unrelenting headache and progressive mono or polyneuritis cranialis. MRI and CT are used...
BACKGROUND
Central or atypical skull base osteomyelitis (CSBO) often presents with severe unrelenting headache and progressive mono or polyneuritis cranialis. MRI and CT are used as initial imaging techniques but have a poor specificity and sensitivity.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze our cohort of CSBO.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Over a 5-year period [2015-2020], we retrospectively analyzed the records of all patients with CSBO who had undergone a 3T MRI Brain, MR angiography, regional FDG PET-CT, and skeletal scintigraphy with 99mTc MDP/SPECT-CT. Surgical biopsy specimens were sent for bacterial and fungal cultures.
RESULTS
In total, 17 patients with CSBO were identified. Typically, 88% of patients presented with severe unilateral headache. All patients had at least a cranial mono or polyneuritis. The majority of patients were diabetic [64%]. MRI was normal in 42% of patients, whereas PET-CT and with 99mTc MDP scan and SPECT-CT were abnormal in all patients.
CONCLUSION
Our series of CSBO showed a 40% mortality rate with significant morbidity and relentless progression. Patients required repeated PET CT and bone scans to detect regression of disease activity. The average duration of IV therapy ranged from 3 weeks to 9 months and oral therapy for around 2-3 months. Cure was defined after taking into account the original diagnosis, symptom resolution, and concordant reduction of tissue uptake on PET CT and 99mTc bone scan. The combination of MRI, FDG PET CT, and 99mTc bone scan with concurrent SPECT CT was able to detect disease and disease progression in all patients.
Topics: Humans; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Osteomyelitis; Skull Base; Neuritis
PubMed: 36352587
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.359218 -
CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug... May 2011Inflammatory signals generated within the brain and peripheral nervous system direct diverse biological processes. Key amongst the inflammatory molecules is tumor... (Review)
Review
Inflammatory signals generated within the brain and peripheral nervous system direct diverse biological processes. Key amongst the inflammatory molecules is tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that, via binding to its associated receptors, is considered to be a master regulator of cellular cascades that control a number of diverse processes coupled to cell viability, gene expression, synaptic integrity and ion homeostasis. Whereas a self-limiting neuroinflammatory response generally results in the resolution of an intrinsically or extrinsically triggered insult by the elimination of toxic material or injured tissue to restore brain homeostasis and function, in the event of an unregulated reaction, where the immune response persists, inappropriate chronic neuroinflammation can ensue. Uncontrolled neuroinflammatory activity can induce cellular dysfunction and demise, and lead to a self-propagating cascade of harmful pathogenic events. Such chronic neuroinflammation is a typical feature across a range of debilitating common neurodegenerative diseases, epitomized by Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in which TNF-α expression appears to be upregulated and may represent a valuable target for intervention. Elaboration of the protective homeostasis signaling cascades from the harmful pathogenic ones that likely drive disease onset and progression could aid in the clinical translation of approaches to lower brain and peripheral nervous system TNF-α levels, and amelioration of inappropriate neuroinflammation.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cell Survival; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neuritis; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Parkinson Disease; Signal Transduction; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Up-Regulation
PubMed: 21288189
DOI: 10.2174/187152711794653751 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Jan 2010Inflammatory responses are closely associated with many neurologic disorders and influence their outcome. In vivo imaging can document events accompanying... (Review)
Review
Inflammatory responses are closely associated with many neurologic disorders and influence their outcome. In vivo imaging can document events accompanying neuroinflammation, such as changes in blood flow, vascular permeability, tightness of the blood-to-brain barrier, local metabolic activity, and expression of specific molecular targets. Here, we briefly review current methods for imaging neuroinflammation, with special emphasis on nuclear imaging techniques.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Inflammation; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Microglia; Neuritis; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiography; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Vasculitis
PubMed: 20008995
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.109.065680 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2020Pain is a frequent symptom in leprosy patients. It may be predominantly nociceptive, as in neuritis, or neuropathic, due to injury or nerve dysfunction. The differential...
Pain is a frequent symptom in leprosy patients. It may be predominantly nociceptive, as in neuritis, or neuropathic, due to injury or nerve dysfunction. The differential diagnosis of these two forms of pain is a challenge in clinical practice, especially because it is quite common for a patient to suffer from both types of pain. A better understanding of cytokine profile may serve as a tool in assessing patients and also help to comprehend pathophysiology of leprosy pain. Patients with leprosy and neural pain ( = 22), neuropathic pain ( = 18), neuritis (nociceptive pain) ( = 4), or no pain ( = 17), further to those with diabetic neuropathy and neuropathic pain ( = 17) were recruited at Souza Araujo Out-Patient Unit (Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil). Serum levels of IL1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF, CCL-2/MCP-1, IFN-γ, CXCL-10/IP-10, and TGF-β were evaluated in the different Groups. Impairment in thermal or pain sensitivity was the most frequent clinical finding (95.5%) in leprosy neuropathy patients with and without pain, but less frequent in Diabetic Group (88.2%). Previous reactional episodes have occurred in patients in the leprosy and Pain Group ( = 0.027) more often. Analysis of cytokine levels have demonstrated that the concentrations of IL-1β, TNF, TGF-β, and IL-17 in serum samples of patients having leprosy neuropathy in combination with neuropathic or nociceptive pain were higher when compared to the samples of leprosy neuropathy patients without pain. In addition, these cytokine levels were significantly augmented in leprosy patients with neuropathic pain in relation to those with neuropathic pain due to diabetes. IL-1β levels are an independent variable associated with both types of pain in patients with leprosy neuropathy. IL-6 concentration was increased in both groups with pain. Moreover, CCL-2/MCP-1 and CXCL-10/IP-10 levels were higher in patients with diabetic neuropathy over those with leprosy neuropathy. In brief, IL-1β is an independent variable related to neuropathic and nociceptive pain in patients with leprosy, and could be an important biomarker for patient follow-up. IL-6 was higher in both groups with pain (leprosy and diabetic patients), and could be a therapeutic target in pain control.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Brazil; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetic Neuropathies; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Leprosy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuralgia; Neuritis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32038662
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00023 -
BMC Neurology Mar 2022Neurological manifestations of Sars-CoV-2 infection have been described since March 2020 and include both central and peripheral nervous system manifestations....
BACKGROUND
Neurological manifestations of Sars-CoV-2 infection have been described since March 2020 and include both central and peripheral nervous system manifestations. Neurological symptoms, such as headache or persistent loss of smell and taste, have also been documented in COVID-19 long-haulers. Moreover, long lasting fatigue, mild cognitive impairment and sleep disorders appear to be frequent long term neurological manifestations after hospitalization due to COVID-19. Less is known in relation to peripheral nerve injury related to Sars-CoV-2 infection.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report the case of a 47-year-old female presenting with a unilateral chest pain radiating to the left arm lasting for more than two months after recovery from Sars-CoV-2 infection. After referral to our post-acute outpatient service for COVID-19 long haulers, she was diagnosed with a unilateral, atypical, pure sensory brachial plexus neuritis potentially related to COVID-19, which occurred during the acute phase of a mild Sars-CoV-2 infection and persisted for months after resolution of the infection.
CONCLUSIONS
We presented a case of atypical Parsonage-Turner syndrome potentially triggered by Sars-CoV-2 infection, with symptoms and repercussion lasting after viral clearance. A direct involvement of the virus remains uncertain, and the physiopathology is unclear. The treatment of COVID-19 and its long-term consequences represents a relatively new challenge for clinicians and health care providers. A multidisciplinary approach to following-up COVID-19 survivors is strongly advised.
Topics: Brachial Plexus Neuritis; COVID-19; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 35296278
DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02622-4