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Frontiers in Immunology 2020Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers that threaten people in many countries. It is a multi-factorial chronic disease caused by a combination of... (Review)
Review
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers that threaten people in many countries. It is a multi-factorial chronic disease caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, but it is mainly related to lifestyle factors, including diet. Plentiful plant foods and beverages are abundant in polyphenols with antioxidant, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. These compounds participate in host nutrition and disease pathology regulation in different ways. Polyphenolic compounds have been used to prevent and inhibit the development and prognosis of cancer, and examples include green tea polyphenol (-)epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), curcumin, and resveratrol. Of course, there are more known and unknown polyphenol compounds that need to be further explored for their anticancer properties. This article focuses on the fact that polyphenols affect the progression of CRC by controlling intestinal inflammation, epigenetics, and the intestinal microbe in the aspects of prevention, treatment, and prognosis.
Topics: Animals; Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Polyphenols
PubMed: 32754151
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01407 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent and serious gastrointestinal malignancy with high mortality and morbidity. Chemoprevention refers to a newly emerged strategy that... (Review)
Review
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent and serious gastrointestinal malignancy with high mortality and morbidity. Chemoprevention refers to a newly emerged strategy that uses drugs with chemopreventive properties to promote antioxidation, regulate cancer cell cycle, suppress proliferation, and induce cellular apoptosis, so as to improve cancer treatment outcomes. Natural polyphenols are currently recognized as a class of chemopreventive agents that have shown remarkable anticarcinogenic properties. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have elucidated the anti-CRC mechanisms of natural polyphenols, such as regulation of various molecular and signaling pathways. Natural polyphenols are also reportedly capable of modulating the gut microbiota and cancer stem cells (CSCs) to suppress tumor formation and progression. Combined use of different natural polyphenols is recommended due to their low bioavailability and instability, and combination treatment can exert synergistical effects, reduce side effects, and avoid drug resistance in CRC treatment. In summary, the application of polyphenols in the chemoprevention and treatment of CRC is promising. Further clinical evaluation of their effectiveness is warranted and anticipated.
Topics: Humans; Polyphenols; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Chemoprevention; Signal Transduction; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 36557939
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248810 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Nov 2021Most randomized clinical trials of polyphenols focus on individual foods. Nevertheless, due to their presence in many foods and in order to reflect a real situation,... (Review)
Review
Most randomized clinical trials of polyphenols focus on individual foods. Nevertheless, due to their presence in many foods and in order to reflect a real situation, clinical trials based on polyphenol-rich diets are particularly important. This systematic review explores the characteristics of the polyphenol-rich diets used in intervention studies. The bibliography search for English-language scientific papers was performed in the Elsevier Scopus Database and PUBMED in March 2020, and focused on intervention studies with whole polyphenol-rich diets, establishing several exclusion criteria. In studies fulfilling the requirements, information on the design of the polyphenol-rich diet and associated polyphenol intake was extracted and compared. A total of 5 studies were selected. Among them, substantial differences were found in the design of the polyphenol-rich diets, regarding specific instructions and concerning the foods provided. Similarly, although a median daily polyphenol intake of 2,564 mg/day (17,945 mg/week) was obtained from the studies, which corresponds to a nutritional dose, intake values varied widely both for total polyphenols (the difference between studies reached threefold), and for individual polyphenol intake (for hydroxycinnamic acids, a tenfold difference was found between percentile 25 and percentile 75 values). These differences made the comparison of results difficult and may affected the observed health effects. Thus, despite the relevance of studying polyphenol-rich diets as a whole, this systematic review found substantial differences between the studies performed, making direct comparisons difficult.
Topics: Diet; Food; Polyphenols
PubMed: 34600657
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110655 -
Nutrients Dec 2022Antioxidants in sports exercise training remain a debated research topic. Plant-derived polyphenol supplements are frequently used by athletes to reduce the negative... (Review)
Review
Antioxidants in sports exercise training remain a debated research topic. Plant-derived polyphenol supplements are frequently used by athletes to reduce the negative effects of exercise-induced oxidative stress, accelerate the recovery of muscular function, and enhance performance. These processes can be efficiently modulated by antioxidant supplementation. The existing literature has failed to provide unequivocal evidence that dietary polyphenols should be promoted specifically among athletes. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge regarding polyphenols' bioavailability, their role in exercise-induced oxidative stress, antioxidant status, and supplementation strategies in athletes. Overall, we draw attention to the paucity of available evidence suggesting that most antioxidant substances are beneficial to athletes. Additional research is necessary to reveal more fully their impact on exercise-induced oxidative stress and athletes' antioxidant status, as well as optimal dosing methods.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Polyphenols; Dietary Supplements; Oxidative Stress; Athletes
PubMed: 36615815
DOI: 10.3390/nu15010158 -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Jul 2022The lack of new drugs and resistance to existing drugs are serious problems in gastric cancer(GC) treatment. The research found polyphenols possess anti- and antitumor... (Review)
Review
The lack of new drugs and resistance to existing drugs are serious problems in gastric cancer(GC) treatment. The research found polyphenols possess anti- and antitumor activities and may be used in the research and development of drugs for cancer prevention and treatment. However, polyphenols are affected by their chemical structures and physical properties, which leads to relatively low bioavailability and bioactivity in vivo. The intestinal flora can improve the absorption, utilization, and biological activity of polyphenols, whereas polyphenol compounds can increase the richness of the intestinal flora, reduce the activity of carcinogenic bacteria, stabilize the proportion of core flora, and maintain homeostasis of the intestinal microenvironment. Our review summarizes the gastrointestinal flora-mediated mechanisms of polyphenol against GC.
Topics: Biological Availability; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Polyphenols; Stomach Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 35892986
DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29080417 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2015The Melastomataceae family, the seventh largest flowering plants, has been studied in several fronts of natural product chemistry, including terpenoids, simple... (Review)
Review
The Melastomataceae family, the seventh largest flowering plants, has been studied in several fronts of natural product chemistry, including terpenoids, simple phenolics, flavonoids, quinones, lignans and their glycosides, as well as a vast range of tannins or polyphenols. This review concerns the phenolic and polyphenolic metabolites described in the literature for several genera of this family, the mode of isolation and purification, and the structure elucidation of these new natural products that has been achieved by extensive spectral analyses, including ESI-MS, ¹H-, (13)C-NMR spectra and two-dimensional experiments, COSY, TOCSY, J-resolved, NOESY, HMQC, DEPT, and HMBC, as well as chemical and enzymatic degradations and the chemotaxonomic meaning. Finally, a general biogenetic pathway map for ellagitannins is proposed on the bases of the most plausible free radical C-O oxidative coupling.
Topics: Flavonoids; Glycosides; Melastomataceae; Phenols; Polyphenols
PubMed: 26404220
DOI: 10.3390/molecules201017818 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2015Polyphenolics, which are ubiquitous in plants, currently are among the most studied phytochemicals because of their perceptible chemical properties and antioxidant... (Review)
Review
Polyphenolics, which are ubiquitous in plants, currently are among the most studied phytochemicals because of their perceptible chemical properties and antioxidant activity. Oak barrels and their alternatives, which are widely used in winemaking nowadays, contribute polyphenolics to wines and are thought to play crucial roles in the development of wines during aging. This study summarizes the detailed information of polyphenolics in oak woods and their products by examining their structures and discussing their chemical reactions during wine aging. This paper evaluates the most recent developments in polyphenolic chemistry by summarizing their extraction, separation, and their identification by the use of chromatographic and spectral techniques. In addition, this paper also introduces polyphenol bioactive ingredients in other plant foods.
Topics: Molecular Structure; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Quercus; Wine; Wood
PubMed: 25826529
DOI: 10.3390/ijms16046978 -
Nutrients Sep 2023Ever since the French paradox raised the research interest pertaining to the high potential of certain phytochemicals-until then regarded as anti-nutrients-as positive...
Ever since the French paradox raised the research interest pertaining to the high potential of certain phytochemicals-until then regarded as anti-nutrients-as positive bioactive compounds for health, research on the biological and molecular effects of polyphenols has subsequently been continuously increasing [...].
Topics: Humans; Polyphenols; Chronic Disease
PubMed: 37836418
DOI: 10.3390/nu15194134 -
BMJ Open Jan 2023Polyphenol compounds are classified as organic compounds with phenolic units exhibiting a variety of biological functions. This meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Polyphenol compounds are classified as organic compounds with phenolic units exhibiting a variety of biological functions. This meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy and safety of polyphenol compounds (curcumin, cranberry, garlic, liquorice and broccoli) in eradicating .
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
Literature searches were conducted on PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Medline, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database and Wan Fang database from inception to January 2022. All randomised controlled trials comparing polyphenol compounds with the placebo or used as an adjunct treatment are included in this meta-analysis.The treatment effect for dichotomous outcomes was assessed using risk ratio (RR), while for continuous outcomes, mean differences both with 95% CIs, were used. Subgroup analyses were carried out for different treatment schemes and polyphenol compound species.
RESULTS
12 trials were included in the meta-analysis. The total eradication rate of in the polyphenol compounds group was higher than in the group without polyphenol compounds. Statistical significance was also observed (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.38, p=0.02). The most frequent adverse effects of polyphenol compounds included diarrhoea, headache and vomiting. However, there were no differences regarding side effects between the two groups (RR 1.47, 95% CI 0.83 to 2.58, p=0.18). In subgroup analyses, the eradication rate regimens with polyphenols therapy was superior to that of regimens without polyphenols therapy in the polyphenols versus placebo subgroup (RR 4.23, 95% CI 1.38 to 12.95, p=0.01), polyphenols plus triple therapy versus triple therapy subgroup (RR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.22, p=0.03).
CONCLUSION
Polyphenol compounds can improve eradication rates. Polyphenol compounds plus standard triple therapy can significantly improve the eradication. However, no evidence of a higher incidence of side effects could be found.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42022307477.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Polyphenols; Amoxicillin; Drug Therapy, Combination
PubMed: 36604137
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062932 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2023This review article describes studies published over the past five years on the combination of polyphenols, which are the most studied in the field of anticancer effects... (Review)
Review
This review article describes studies published over the past five years on the combination of polyphenols, which are the most studied in the field of anticancer effects (curcumin, quercetin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, and apigenin) and chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, etc. According to WHO data, research has been limited to five cancers with the highest morbidity rate (lung, colorectal, liver, gastric, and breast cancer). A systematic review of articles published in the past five years (from January 2018 to January 2023) was carried out with the help of all Web of Science databases and the available base of clinical studies. Based on the preclinical studies presented in this review, polyphenols can enhance drug efficacy and reduce chemoresistance through different molecular mechanisms. Considering the large number of studies, curcumin could be a molecule in future chemotherapy cocktails. One of the main problems in clinical research is related to the limited bioavailability of most polyphenols. The design of a new co-delivery system for drugs and polyphenols is essential for future clinical research. Some polyphenols work in synergy with chemotherapeutic drugs, but some polyphenols can act antagonistically, so caution is always required.
Topics: Polyphenols; Curcumin; Resveratrol; Antioxidants; Drug Therapy, Combination
PubMed: 37175156
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093746