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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022There is an urgent need to search for new screening methods that allow early detection of esophageal cancer and thus achieve better clinical outcomes. Nowadays, it is... (Review)
Review
There is an urgent need to search for new screening methods that allow early detection of esophageal cancer and thus achieve better clinical outcomes. Nowadays, it is known that the esophagus is not a sterile part of the gastrointestinal tract. It is colonized with various microorganisms therefore a "healthy" esophageal microbiome exists. The dysbiotic changes of esophageal microbiome can lead to the development of esophageal diseases including esophageal cancer. There is a strong consensus in the literature that the intestinal microbiome may be involved in esophageal carcinogenesis. Recently, emphasis has also been placed on the relationship between the oral microbiome and the occurrence of esophageal cancer. According to recent studies, some of the bacteria present in the oral cavity, such as , , , , and may contribute to the development of this cancer. Moreover, the oral microbiome of patients with esophageal cancer differs significantly from that of healthy individuals. This opens new insights into the search for a microbiome-associated marker for early identification of patients at high risk for developing this cancer.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Esophageal Neoplasms; Microbiota; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Mouth
PubMed: 36467733
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1057668 -
Oncology Letters Apr 2020Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the leading cause of mortality for oral cancer. Numerous risk factors mainly related to unhealthy habits and responsible for... (Review)
Review
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the leading cause of mortality for oral cancer. Numerous risk factors mainly related to unhealthy habits and responsible for chronic inflammation and infections have been recognized as predisposing factors for oral carcinogenesis. Recently, even microbiota alterations have been associated with the development of human cancers. In particular, some specific bacterial strains have been recognized and strongly associated with oral cancer development ( and .). Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain how the oral microbiota could be involved in cancer pathogenesis by mainly paying attention to chronic inflammation, microbial synthesis of cancerogenic substances, and alteration of epithelial barrier integrity. Based on knowledge of the carcinogenic effects of dysbiosis, it was recently suggested that probiotics may have anti-tumoral activity. Nevertheless, few data exist with regard to probiotic effects on oral cancer. On this basis, the association between the development of oral cancer and oral dysbiosis is discussed focusing attention on the potential benefits of probiotics administration in cancer prevention.
PubMed: 32211076
DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11441 -
The New Microbiologica Dec 2022As already known, orthodontic treatment presents a factor of plaque retention, promoting an increase of bacterial growth in the oral cavity. Nevertheless, after...
As already known, orthodontic treatment presents a factor of plaque retention, promoting an increase of bacterial growth in the oral cavity. Nevertheless, after orthodontic debonding an alteration of the previous microbiological status may occur. The present study was designed to assess variations among six bacterial species in the oral cavity and the status of oral health after orthodontic debonding. At the end of the fixed orthodontic treatment, 30 patients were divided into three groups based on the type of retention: I - 10 patients were treated with upper and lower fixed retention devices, II - 10 with upper and lower removable retention devices, and III - 10 with lower fixed and upper removable retention devices. To assess the alterations of oral microbiota after orthodontic debonding, two salivary swabs were collected for each individual: the first immediately after debonding (T0) and the other one 6 weeks later (T1). Six species, the ones most correlated with the development of caries and periodontal disease, were selected for microbiological analysis with Real-time PCR: Streptococcus mutans, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Furthermore, in order to correlate the microbiological outcomes with the clinical condition, oral health indexes at T0 and T1 were assessed for all patients. Six weeks after debonding, the salivary levels of the bacteria investigated tend to decrease and the values of the oral health indexes tend to improve with all types of treatment considered (p<.05). Salivary bacteria levels and oral health are similarly influenced by fixed and/or removable orthodontic retentions.
Topics: Humans; Pharynx; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Periodontal Diseases; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Streptococcus mutans; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
PubMed: 36190371
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023Host genetic variants may affect oral biofilms, playing a role in the periodontitis-systemic disease axis. This is the first study to assess the associations between...
Host genetic variants may affect oral biofilms, playing a role in the periodontitis-systemic disease axis. This is the first study to assess the associations between host genetic variants and subgingival microbiota in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS); 103 patients with MetS underwent medical and periodontal examinations and had blood and subgingival plaque samples taken. DNA was extracted and processed, assessing a panel of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) first (hypothesis testing) and then expanding to a discovery phase. The subgingival plaque microbiome from these patients was profiled. Analysis of associations between host genetic and microbial factors was performed and stratified for periodontal diagnosis. Specific SNPs within and genes were associated with diversity metrics with no genome-wide associations detected for periodontitis severity or Mets components at < 10. Severe periodontitis was associated with pathogenic genera and species. Some SNPs correlated with specific bacterial genera as well as with microbial taxa, notably (rs12717991) with and (rs3749863) with . In conclusion, variation in host genotypes may play a role in the dysregulated immune responses characterizing periodontitis and thus the oral microbiome, suggesting that systemic health-associated host traits further interact with oral health and the microbiome.
Topics: Humans; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; Metabolic Syndrome; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Microbiota; Dental Plaque
PubMed: 38068972
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316649 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Aug 1998The present study evaluated the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and the correlation between the bacterial culture method and the detection of immunoglobulin A...
The present study evaluated the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and the correlation between the bacterial culture method and the detection of immunoglobulin A (IgA) specific to the P. gingivalis fimbrial antigen in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). P. gingivalis was isolated from 78.3% of subgingival plaque samples obtained from active sites and 34.7% of those from inactive sites of periodontal patients. P. gingivalis was isolated from only 4.7% of healthy subjects (control group). Immunoglobulins specific to the P. gingivalis fimbrial antigen were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall agreement between the results of the P. gingivalis culture method and the results of specific IgA detection in periodontal patients was 71.7% for active sites and 58.7% for inactive sites. IgA specific to P. gingivalis was absent in GCF from all of the sites of healthy subjects. The results suggest that P. gingivalis is associated with the local production of specific IgA. The detection of IgA antibodies specific to P. gingivalis in GCF by ELISA may be used as a predictive parameter to reveal the early phase of the activation of recurrent periodontal infections.
Topics: Antibodies, Bacterial; Antigens, Bacterial; Dental Plaque; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fimbriae, Bacterial; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis
PubMed: 9666013
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.36.8.2322-2325.1998