-
BMC Infectious Diseases Aug 2020In this study, the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or cervical cancer and vaginal...
BACKGROUND
In this study, the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or cervical cancer and vaginal microbiome was evaluated in Chinese cohorts.
METHODS
The vaginal bacterial composition of five groups, HPV-infected women without CINs (HPV, n = 78), women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL, n = 51), women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL, n = 23), women with invasive cervical cancer (Cancer, n = 9) and healthy women without HPV infection (Normal, n = 68), was characterized by deep sequencing of barcoded 16S rRNA gene fragments (V3-4) using Illumina MiSeq.
RESULTS
HPV infection increased vaginal bacterial richness and diversity regardless of the status of CINs. The vaginal bacterial richness and diversity were further augmented in women with cervical cancer. Lactobacillus was the most abundant genus in all groups. HPV infection had a negative influence on the abundances of Lactobacillus, Gardnerella and Atopobium. Accordingly, HPV infection increased the relative abundance of Prevotella, Bacillus, Anaerococcus, Sneathia, Megasphaera, Streptococcus and Anaerococcus. The increased proportions of Bacillus, Anaerococcus and the reduced abundance of Gradnerella vaginalis were probably related with the progression of CINs severity. HPV infection without CINs or cancerous lesions was strongly associated with Megasphaera. The most abundant bacterium in the LSIL group was Prevotella amnii. However, Prevotella timonensis, Shuttleworthia and Streptococcaceae at the family level were three taxa related to HSIL. Furthermore, more taxa were associated with the Cancer group including Bacillus, Sneathia, Acidovorax, Oceanobacillus profundus, Fusobacterium, Veillonellaceae at the family level, Anaerococcus and Porphyromonas uenonis. Samples in the Normal group were mostly assigned to CST III. HPV infection converted the vaginal bacterial community structure from CST III to CST IV. Furthermore, the proportions of CST IV were gradually augmented with the progression of the severity of CINs.
CONCLUSIONS
This work interpreted the differential vaginal bacteria under HPV infection and various precancerous or cancerous lesions in a Chinese cohort. We distinguished the specific microbes and the vaginal bacterial structure that were related with the progression of CINs severity in Chinese women.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biodiversity; China; Cohort Studies; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Lactobacillus; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vagina; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
PubMed: 32842982
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05324-9 -
NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes Feb 2022Porphyromonas asaccharolytica and Porphyromonas uenonis are common inhabitants of the vaginal microbiome, but their presence has been linked to adverse health outcomes...
Porphyromonas asaccharolytica and Porphyromonas uenonis are common inhabitants of the vaginal microbiome, but their presence has been linked to adverse health outcomes for women, including bacterial vaginosis and preterm birth. However, little is known about the pathogenesis mechanisms of these bacteria. The related oral opportunistic pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, is comparatively well-studied and known to secrete numerous extracellular matrix-targeting proteases. Among these are the gingipain family of cysteine proteases that drive periodontal disease progression and hematogenic transmission to the placenta. In this study, we demonstrate that vaginal Porphyromonas species secrete broad-acting proteases capable of freely diffusing within the cervicovaginal niche. These proteases degrade collagens that are enriched within the cervix (type I) and chorioamniotic membranes (type IV), as well as fibrinogen, which inhibits clot formation. Bioinformatic queries confirmed the absence of gingipain orthologs and identified five serine, cysteine, and metalloprotease candidates in each species. Inhibition assays revealed that each species' proteolytic activity can be partially attributed to a secreted metalloprotease with broad substrate specificity that is distantly related to the P. gingivalis endopeptidase PepO. This characterization of virulence activities in vaginal Porphyromonas species highlights their potential to alter the homeostasis of reproductive tissues and harm human pregnancy through clotting disruption, fetal membrane weakening, and premature cervical remodeling.
Topics: Adhesins, Bacterial; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Extracellular Matrix; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Pregnancy; Premature Birth
PubMed: 35190575
DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00270-7 -
Anaerobe Jun 2017Transport systems are used to collect and maintain the viability of microorganisms. Two Amies media based transport systems, BD CultureSwab™ MaxV(+) Amies Medium...
Transport systems are used to collect and maintain the viability of microorganisms. Two Amies media based transport systems, BD CultureSwab™ MaxV(+) Amies Medium without Charcoal (MaxV(+)) and Fisherfinest with Amies gel Transport Medium without charcoal (Fisherfinest) were compared to a Cary-Blair media based transport system, Starswab Anaerobic Transport System (Starswab), for their capacity to maintain the viability of 17 clinical microorganisms commonly isolated from the vagina (Lactobacillus crispatus, L. jensenii, L. iners, group B streptococci, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Atopobium vaginae, Peptoniphilus harei, Mycoplasma hominis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Dialister microaerophilus, Mobiluncus curtisii, Prevotella amnii, P. timonensis, P. bivia, and Porphyromonas uenonis). Single swabs containing mixtures of up to five different species were inoculated in triplicate and held at 4 °C and room temperature for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h (h). At each time point, swabs were eluted into a sterile salt solution, serially diluted, inoculated onto selected media, and incubated. Each colony type was quantified and identified. A change in sample stability was reported as a ≥1 log increase or decrease in microorganism density from baseline. Overall, the viability of fastidious anaerobes was maintained better at 4 °C than room temperature. At 4 °C all three transport systems maintained the viability and prevented replication of C. albicans, E. faecalis, GBS, and E. coli. Microorganisms having a ≥1 log decrease in less than 24 h at 4 °C included A. vaginae, G. vaginalis, and P. uenonis in Starswab, L. iners, A. vaginae, and P. amnii in MaxV(+), and A. vaginae, G. vaginalis, P. bivia, and P. amnii in Fisherfinest. At 48 h at 4 °C, a ≥1 log decrease in concentration density was observed for P. harei and P. amnii in Starswab, G. vaginalis, P. bivia and P. uenonis in MaxV(+), and L. iners, P. harei, P. timonensis, and P. uenonis in Fisherfinest. Overall, at 4 °C the viability and stability of vaginal microorganisms was maintained better in the Cary-Blair based transport system (Starswab) than in the two Amies based transport systems.
Topics: Colony Count, Microbial; Female; Humans; Microbial Viability; Microbiological Techniques; Refrigeration; Specimen Handling; Time Factors; Vagina
PubMed: 28242337
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.02.019 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Nov 2004Three Porphyromonas species (Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, P. endodontalis, and the novel species that is the subject of the present report, P. uenonis) are very much...
Three Porphyromonas species (Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, P. endodontalis, and the novel species that is the subject of the present report, P. uenonis) are very much alike in terms of biochemical characteristics, such as enzyme profiles and cellular fatty acid contents. P. asaccharolytica is distinguished from the other two species by virtue of production of alpha-fucosidase and glyoxylic acid positivity. The novel species is difficult to differentiate from P. endodontalis phenotypically and was designated a P. endodontalis-like organism for some time. However, P. endodontalis is recovered almost exclusively from oral sources and also grows poorly on Biolog Universal Agar, both characteristics that are in contrast to those of the other two organisms. Furthermore, P. uenonis is glycerol positive in the Biolog AN Microplate system. Both P. asaccharolytica and P. uenonis are positive by 13 other tests in the Biolog system, whereas P. endodontalis is negative by all of these tests. P. asaccharolytica grew well in both solid and liquid media without supplementation with 5% horse serum, whereas the other two species grew poorly without supplementation. Sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed about 10% divergence between the novel species and P. endodontalis but less than 2% sequence difference between the novel species and P. asaccharolytica. Subsequent DNA-DNA hybridization studies documented that the novel organism was indeed distinct from P. asaccharolytica. We propose the name Porphyromonas uenonis for the novel species. We have recovered P. uenonis from four clinical infections in adults, all likely of intestinal origin, and from the feces of six children.
Topics: Adult; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Child; DNA, Bacterial; Feces; Humans; Intestines; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Porphyromonas; Porphyromonas endodontalis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 15528728
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.11.5298-5301.2004 -
Annals of Translational Medicine Feb 2020Vaginal dysbiosis may paly role in increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study aims to explore potential vaginal microbiome biomarkers, to predict...
BACKGROUND
Vaginal dysbiosis may paly role in increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study aims to explore potential vaginal microbiome biomarkers, to predict persistent high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+, and to find novel treatment targets for HPV infection.
METHODS
A total of 329 women aged 20-69 were enrolled in this study, including 59 with cervical persistent HPV infection irrespective of cytology status (group A), 139 with incident HPV infection (group B), and 131 without HPV infection (group C). Vaginal microbiome composition was determined by sequencing of barcoded 16S rDNA gene fragments (V4) on Illumina HiSeq2500.
RESULTS
In genus level, the relative abundance of and were significantly the highest in group A, while was the lowest in group A. In species level, we found the relative abundance of and were the highest in group A while iners was significantly under-represented in group A than the other two, and was over-represented in group C than the other two groups.
CONCLUSIONS
A predominance of and with a concomitant paucity of and may relate to HPV persistent infection. Furthermore, the relative abundance of being over 0.05554% with being under 0.02196% may be a good predictor for appearance CIN2+ for those diagnosed with the other 12 types of HR-HPV persistent infection but normal ThinPrep cytology test (TCT) testing. The exact molecular mechanism of the vaginal microbiome in the course of persistent HR-HPV infection and cervical neoplasia should be further explored. Future research should include intervention of vaginal microbiome composition to reverse the course of HR-HPV infection and the natural history of cervical neoplasia.
PubMed: 32175393
DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.115