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PloS One 2018Menopause consists of a physiological process in women between 40 and 50 years of age, and it has substantial consequences for health, ranging from disturbances in lipid...
BACKGROUND
Menopause consists of a physiological process in women between 40 and 50 years of age, and it has substantial consequences for health, ranging from disturbances in lipid and glycidic metabolism to psychological stress and sleep alterations, thereby increasing women's risk of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we attempted to identify potential lipid alterations not identified by the classic methods.
METHODS AND RESULTS
We analyzed the serum lipid profile in 40 women in pre- and post-menopause using a lipidomic approach and mass spectrometry. Lipid species presented increased concentrations, with a difference of more than 25% post-menopause and with the ceramides (N.C23:0.Cer, N.C23:0(OH).Cer and N.C24:0(OH).Cer) standing out with a fold change of 1.68, 1.59, and 1.58, respectively. It was also observed that 14 metabolites presented a significant difference in the average concentrations between pre- and post-menopause, especially the ceramide species. Strong and positive correlations were identified between various metabolites and fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides. Of note were the association ceramide (N.C10:0.Cer) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE.a.C18:0) between fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin.
CONCLUSION
This study detected lipid alterations, especially in ceramides, post-menopause, as well as correlations with glycidic and lipid markers, which may in the future be useful to investigate diseases associated with menopause.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Lipids; Middle Aged; Postmenopause; Premenopause
PubMed: 30180197
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203027 -
Breast Cancer Research : BCR Aug 2018Physical inactivity and being overweight are modifiable lifestyle risk factors that consistently have been associated with a higher risk of postmenopausal breast cancer... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Physical inactivity and being overweight are modifiable lifestyle risk factors that consistently have been associated with a higher risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in observational studies. One biologic hypothesis underlying this relationship may be via endogenous sex hormone levels. It is unclear if changes in dietary intake, physical activity, or both, are most effective in changing these hormone levels.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the effect of reduced caloric dietary intake and/or increased exercise levels on breast cancer-related endogenous sex hormones.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic literature search in MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane's Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) up to March 2017. Main outcome measures were breast cancer-related endogenous sex hormones. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting effects of reduced caloric intake and/or exercise interventions on endogenous sex hormones in healthy, physically inactive postmenopausal women were included. Studies including women using hormone therapy were excluded. The methodological quality of each study was assessed by the Cochrane's risk of bias tool.
RESULTS
From the 2599 articles retrieved, seven articles from six RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. These trials investigated 1588 healthy postmenopausal women with a mean age ranging from 58 to 61 years. A combined intervention of reduced caloric intake and exercise, with durations ranging from 16 to 52 weeks, compared with a control group (without an intervention to achieve weight loss) resulted in the largest beneficial effects on estrone treatment effect ratio (TER) = 0.90 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.83-0.97), total estradiol TER = 0.82 (0.75-0.90), free estradiol TER = 0.73 (0.66-0.81), free testosterone TER = 0.86 (0.79-0.93), and sex hormone biding globulin (SHBG) TER = 1.23 (1.15-1.31). A reduced caloric intake without an exercise intervention resulted in significant effects compared with control on total estradiol TER = 0.86 (0.77-0.95), free estradiol TER = 0.77 (0.69-0.84), free testosterone TER = 0.91 (0.84-0.98), and SHBG TER = 1.20 (1.06-1.36). Exercise without dietary change, versus control, resulted in borderline significant effects on androstenedione TER = 0.97 (0.94-1.00), total estradiol TER = 0. 97 (0.94-1.00), and free testosterone TER = 0. 0.97 (0.95-1.00).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
This meta-analysis of six RCTs demonstrated that there are beneficial effects of exercise, reduced caloric dietary intake or, preferably, a combination of exercise and diet on breast cancer-related endogenous sex hormones in physically inactive postmenopausal women.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Caloric Restriction; Exercise; Female; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Healthy Lifestyle; Humans; Overweight; Postmenopause; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30071893
DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1009-8 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia Mar 2018
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Female; Humans; Osteoporosis; Postmenopause
PubMed: 29694551
DOI: 10.5935/abc.20180050 -
Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) Feb 2007Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menses. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among postmenopausal women in developed countries. The... (Review)
Review
Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menses. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among postmenopausal women in developed countries. The disparity between the incidence of cardiovascular disease among women in pre- and postmenopause has been ascribed to the actions of endogenous estrogen on the cardiovascular system and, particularly, on the vascular endothelium. The endothelium plays an important role in cardiovascular homeostasis, either through the vascular tonus and its regulation, or through coagulation and the inflammatory response. Endothelial dysfunction is implicated in the genesis of atherosclerosis and other chronic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The pharmacological use of estrogen exerts influence on the circulating levels of markers of vascular tonus, and inflammation, as well as prothrombotic, and fibrinolytic markers, but the impact of these changes on the atherosclerotic disease is still uncertain.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Blood Coagulation Factors; Brachial Artery; Cardiovascular Diseases; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Menopause; Plethysmography, Impedance; Postmenopause; Premenopause; Regional Blood Flow; Risk Factors; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 17334553
DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322007000100012 -
Nutrients May 2014Vitamin K may play an important role in the prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Menatetrenone is the brand name of a synthetic vitamin K2... (Review)
Review
Vitamin K may play an important role in the prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Menatetrenone is the brand name of a synthetic vitamin K2 that is chemically identical to menaquinone-4. The present review study aimed to clarify the effect of menatetrenone on the skeleton in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, by reviewing the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the literature. RCTs that investigated the effect of menatetrenone on bone mineral density (BMD), measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and fracture incidence in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, were identified by a PubMed search for literature published in English. Eight studies met the criteria for RCTs. Small RCTs showed that menatetrenone monotherapy decreased serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) concentrations, modestly increased lumbar spine BMD, and reduced the incidence of fractures (mainly vertebral fracture), and that combined alendronate and menatetrenone therapy enhanced the decrease in serum ucOC concentrations and further increased femoral neck BMD. This review of the literature revealed positive evidence for the effects of menatetrenone monotherapy on fracture incidence in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Further studies are required to clarify the efficacy of menatetrenone in combination with bisphosphonates against fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Bone Density; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Incidence; Osteocalcin; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Postmenopause; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 24841104
DOI: 10.3390/nu6051971 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Apr 2007Symptoms should be treated with lowest effective dose of hormone therapy for the shortest time possible
Symptoms should be treated with lowest effective dose of hormone therapy for the shortest time possible
Topics: Estrogen Replacement Therapy; Female; Humans; Postmenopause
PubMed: 17463421
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.39188.594282.80 -
Archives of Razi Institute Aug 2022Hyperthyroidism is a health problem characterized by an overactive thyroid gland, resulting in extra triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) production, as well as a... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Hyperthyroidism is a health problem characterized by an overactive thyroid gland, resulting in extra triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) production, as well as a decrease in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The oxidative stress indicators in hyperthyroid patients and the relationship with impaired metabolism of lipid are still controversial, especially in menopausal women suffering from a lack of ovulation hormones. In this study, blood samples were withdrawn from 120 subjects, including healthy premenopausal (n=30) and postmenopausal women (n=30) as control groups (G1 and G2), as well as 30 hyperthyroid women in each group of premenopausal and postmenopausal patient groups (G3 and G4). The levels of T3, T4, and TSH, blood pressure, and lipid profiles, such as triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in the two healthy control groups and patient groups with hyperthyroidism were measured. In addition, serum progesterone levels were measured by the Bio-Merieux kit France, according to the manufacturer's instructions. The results revealed a significant decrease in SOD activity in the postmenopausal group, as compared to that in premenopausal women and control groups. Hyperthyroidism groups demonstrated a significant increase in MDA and AOPP levels, compared to control groups. Patient groups reported a decreased level of progesterone, in comparison with control groups. Moreover, there was a significant increase in T3 and T4 in patient groups (G3 and G4), compared to that in control groups (G1 and G2). There was a significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in menopausal hyperthyroidism (G4), compared to that in other groups. The TC decreased significantly in G3 and G4, compared to that in both control groups (<0.05); nonetheless, there was no significant difference between patient groups (G3 and G4), as well as between control groups (G1 and G2). The study suggested that hyperthyroidism causes an increase in oxidative stress, which negatively affects the antioxidant system and drops levels of progesterone in both premenopausal and postmenopausal female patients. Therefore, low levels of progesterone are linked with hyperthyroidism, leading to aggravating symptoms of the disease.
Topics: Female; Hyperthyroidism; Iraq; Lipids; Menopause; Progesterone; Superoxide Dismutase; Premenopause; Postmenopause; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 36883144
DOI: 10.22092/ARI.2022.357618.2071 -
Nutrients Jan 2023Hormonal fluctuations, excessive clothing covering, sunscreen use, changes in body fat composition, a vitamin D-deficient diet, and a sedentary lifestyle can all... (Review)
Review
Hormonal fluctuations, excessive clothing covering, sunscreen use, changes in body fat composition, a vitamin D-deficient diet, and a sedentary lifestyle can all predispose postmenopausal women to vitamin D deficiency. An effective supplementation plan requires a thorough understanding of underlying factors to achieve the desired therapeutic concentrations. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the predictors that affect vitamin D status in postmenopausal women. From inception to October 2022, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and clinical trial registries. Randomized clinical trials of postmenopausal women taking supplements of vitamin D with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) measurement as the trial outcome were included. Two independent reviewers screened selected studies for full-text review. The final assessment covered 19 trials within 13 nations with participants aged 51 to 78. Vitamin D supplementation from dietary and pharmaceutical sources significantly increased serum 25(OH)D to optimal levels. Lower baseline serum 25(OH)D, lighter skin color, longer treatment duration, and prolonged skin exposure were all associated with a better response to vitamin D supplementation in postmenopausal women.
Topics: Humans; Female; Postmenopause; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Dietary Supplements; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 36771392
DOI: 10.3390/nu15030685 -
Journal of Diabetes Research 2021Women live approximately one-third of their lives in postmenopause. Among postmenopausal women, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is one of the most prevalent chronic...
Women live approximately one-third of their lives in postmenopause. Among postmenopausal women, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases. These conditions promote alterations in the oxidative, metabolic, and immune-inflammatory profiles marked by higher extracellular 72 kDa-heat shock protein (eHSP72). Here, we investigated whether the time of menopause is associated with oxidative cellular stress marker levels in postmenopausal women with DM2. Sixty-four women were recruited (56.7 ± 12.6 years old) in the pre- ( = 22) and postmenopause ( = 42) period, with ( = 19) or without DM2 ( = 45), and a fasting blood collection was made for the evaluation of metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory markers. We found that menopause and DM2 influenced metabolic and oxidative parameters and presented synergistic effects on the plasma lipoperoxidation levels. Also, postmenopausal women had the highest eHSP72 concentration levels associated with the years in postmenopause. We conclude that the time of menopause impacts the markers of cellular stress and increases the risk of oxidative stress, mainly when it is associated with DM2.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Brazil; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins; Humans; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Postmenopause
PubMed: 34568498
DOI: 10.1155/2021/3314871 -
American Journal of Obstetrics and... Mar 1999Ovarian hormones-estrogens, androgens, and progesterone-produce a myriad of effects in the nervous system. The effects of androgens in the brain are mediated through... (Review)
Review
Ovarian hormones-estrogens, androgens, and progesterone-produce a myriad of effects in the nervous system. The effects of androgens in the brain are mediated through androgen-specific receptors and by the aromatization of testosterone to estradiol. Alterations in the circulating levels of androgens play an important role in psychologic and sexual changes that occur after menopause. The effects of short-term estrogen therapy in improving psychologic symptoms, maintaining vaginal lubrication, decreasing vaginal atrophy, and increasing pelvic blood flow in postmenopausal women are well documented. However, some patients require more than estrogen alone to improve psychologic dysfunction, decreased sexual desire, or other sexual problems associated with menopause. Results from clinical studies show that hormone replacement therapy with estrogen plus androgens provides greater improvement in psychologic (eg, lack of concentration, depression, and fatigue) and sexual (eg, decreased libido and inability to have an orgasm) symptoms than does estrogen alone in naturally and surgically menopausal women.
Topics: Affect; Androgens; Female; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Libido; Postmenopause; Quality of Life
PubMed: 10076172
DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(99)70727-1