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Genes Feb 2020Ketosis is one of the most prevalent transition metabolic disorders in dairy cows, and has been intrinsically influenced by both genetic and nutritional factors....
Ketosis is one of the most prevalent transition metabolic disorders in dairy cows, and has been intrinsically influenced by both genetic and nutritional factors. However, altered gene expression with respective to dairy cow ketosis has not been addressed yet, especially at the genome-wide level. In this study, we recruited nine Holsteins diagnosed with clinical ketosis and ten healthy controls, for which whole blood samples were collected at both prepartum and postpartum. Four groups of blood samples were defined: from cows with ketosis at prepartum (PCK, N = 9) and postpartum (CK, N = 9), respectively, and controls at prepartum (PHC, N = 10) and postpartum (HC, N = 10). RNA-Seq approach was used for investigating gene expression, by which a total of 27,233 genes were quantified with four billion high-quality reads. Subsequently, we revealed 75 and four differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between sick and control cows at postpartum and prepartum, respectively, which indicated that sick and control cows had similar gene expression patterns at prepartum. Meanwhile, there were 95 DEGs between postpartum and prepartum for sick cows, which showed depressed changes of gene expression during this transition period in comparison with healthy cows (428 DEGs). Functional analyses revealed the associated DEGs with ketosis were mainly involved in biological stress response, ion homeostasis, AA metabolism, energy signaling, and disease related pathways. Finally, we proposed that the expression level of would be potentially used as a new biomarker because it was the only gene that was highly expressed in sick cows at both prepartum and postpartum. These results could significantly help us to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms for incidence and progression of ketosis in dairy cows.
Topics: Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Diet; Energy Metabolism; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation; Genome-Wide Association Study; Ketosis; Lactation; Milk; Parturition; Peripartum Period; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy
PubMed: 32093082
DOI: 10.3390/genes11020219 -
Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official... May 2018Postpartum smoking relapse is a highly prevalent public health problem. Mood and breast feeding are significantly associated with smoking relapse, although less is known...
INTRODUCTION
Postpartum smoking relapse is a highly prevalent public health problem. Mood and breast feeding are significantly associated with smoking relapse, although less is known about the temporality of these relationships. Therefore, this study utilized ecological momentary assessments (EMA) to prospectively examine changes in mood and smoking-related symptomatology in relationship to three events-childbirth, termination of breast feeding, and smoking relapse. We expected all three events to significantly alter mood and smoking-related symptomatology.
METHODS
We enrolled a sample of pregnant women who had recently quit smoking and intended to remain quit during the postpartum. Participants were randomized to active/placebo progesterone to prevent postpartum relapse. Participants also completed daily EMA to collect data mood and smoking-related symptomatology as well as our three events of interest.
RESULTS
Participants (n = 46) were, on average, 26.5 ± 0.8 years old and, prior to pregnancy, smoked 10.1 ± 0.7 cigarettes/day. We noted a number of significant within- and between-subject relationships. For example, participants reported a 24% decline in negative affect after childbirth (p = .0016). Among those who relapsed to smoking (n = 23), participants randomized to placebo had a significant increase in cigarette craving after relapse (β = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.62 to 1.49, p value = .0003), whereas participants randomized to active progesterone did not (β = 0.63, 95% CI = -0.35 to 1.62, p value = .1824).
CONCLUSIONS
These observations suggest that mood and smoking-related symptomatology are influenced by childbirth, breast feeding, smoking relapse, and use of exogenous progesterone. Future research should explore how these observations may inform novel postpartum smoking relapse-prevention interventions.
IMPLICATIONS
Postpartum smoking relapse has been a persistent public health problem for more than 40 years. Although a number of significant predictors of postpartum smoking relapse have been identified (eg, depression and breast feeding), much of these analyses have relied on cross-sectional and/or self-reported retrospective data. Therefore, for the first time, we utilized ecological momentary assessment to explore the effect of childbirth, termination of breast feeding, and smoking relapse on mood and smoking-related symptomatology (eg, craving). Numerous significant relationships were observed, including a 96% increase in craving after smoking relapse. These novel observations can inform new and effective postpartum smoking relapse-prevention programs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Breast Feeding; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Ecological Momentary Assessment; Female; Humans; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Progesterone; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies; Self Report; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Young Adult
PubMed: 28575412
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx118 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022To explore the depression and anxiety symptoms in the postpartum period during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and to identify potential risk factors. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
To explore the depression and anxiety symptoms in the postpartum period during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and to identify potential risk factors.
METHODS
A multicentre observational cohort study including 536 women was performed at three hospitals in Spain. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Scale, the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS), and the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) were assessed after birth. Depression (EPDS) and anxiety (STAI) symptoms were measured, and the cut-off scores were set at 10 and 13 for EPDS, and at 40 for STAI.
RESULTS
Regarding EPDS, 32.3% (95% CI, 28% to 36.5%) of women had a score ≥ 10, and 17.3% (95% CI, 13.9% to 20.7%) had a score ≥ 13. Women with an STAI score ≥ 40 accounted for 46.8% (95% CI, 42.3% to 51.2%). A lower level of social support (MOS-SSS), a fetal malformation diagnosis and a history of depression ( = 0.000, = 0.019 and = 0.043) were independent risk factors for postpartum depression. A lower level of social support and a history of mental health disorders ( = 0.000, = 0.003) were independent risk factors for postpartum anxiety.
CONCLUSION
During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, an increase in symptoms of anxiety and depression were observed during the postpartum period.
Topics: Female; Humans; SARS-CoV-2; Mental Health; COVID-19; Postpartum Period; Anxiety; Social Support; Cohort Studies
PubMed: 36497529
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315445 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Mar 2023Postpartum depression is the most commonly reported mental health issue among parents welcoming a new child, with long-term impacts on the well-being of their family....
Postpartum depression is the most commonly reported mental health issue among parents welcoming a new child, with long-term impacts on the well-being of their family. Survivors of childhood interpersonal trauma (CIT) appear to be more vulnerable with higher rates of postpartum depressive symptoms. Yet, studies are needed on protective mechanism that can buffer the link between CIT and postpartum depressive symptoms, to identify factors that can promote resilience in CIT survivors as they navigate this demanding period. Studies also need to include both parents to adopt a comprehensive dyadic perspective. This study examined the moderating role of mindfulness, a protective mechanism documented as key for both postpartum mental health and trauma processing, in the association between CIT and postpartum depressive symptoms in parental couples. A randomly selected sample of 843 couples who recently welcomed a new child completed self-reported measures of CIT, dispositional mindfulness and postpartum depression. Path analyses showed that more experience of CIT was associated with higher levels of postpartum depression, but this association was weaker in parents with higher dispositional mindfulness. Exploration of mindfulness facets yielded that higher disposition to act with awareness and observation acted as specific buffers, for fathers and mothers respectively. In addition, more CIT reported by one parent was linked with their partner's higher depressive symptoms. These findings shed light on the protective role of mindfulness during the postpartum period to protect against postpartum depression in parents who are CIT survivors and their partners.
Topics: Female; Child; Humans; Depression, Postpartum; Depression; Mindfulness; Parents; Postpartum Period; Mothers
PubMed: 36623567
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.007 -
Coping strategies in postpartum women: exploring the influence of demographic and maternity factors.BMC Women's Health Nov 2023Postpartum depression is a frequent mental health issue that affects many women due to this stressful phase. The aim of the study is to gain insight into the coping...
BACKGROUND
Postpartum depression is a frequent mental health issue that affects many women due to this stressful phase. The aim of the study is to gain insight into the coping strategies employed by postpartum women and to explore how these strategies are influenced by various demographic and maternity factors.
METHODS
The study adopted a quantitative, cross-sectional design. Data were collected from 239 postpartum women receiving care at a Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic using self-reported tools, which include the Brief COPE survey and the socio-demographics and obstetric/maternal history form from October 2022 to April 2023.
RESULTS
The study findings indicate that individuals aged over 40 tend to use more emotional-focused coping compared to those aged 21-30 (p = 0.002) and 31-40. Additionally, both genders of children were associated with more emotional-focused coping (p = 0.007) compared to only having boys. Cesarean section delivery (p = 0.001) was associated with more avoidant-focused coping than normal vaginal delivery. Avoidant-focused coping was significantly predicted by problem-focused coping (p < 0.001), emotional-focused coping (p = 0.034), age (p = 0.003), and gender of children (only boys, p < 0.001; both boys and girls, p = 0.019). Furthermore, problem-focused coping was significantly predicted by age (p = 0.004), gender of children (male child, p = 0.002; both boy and girl: p = 0.014), and avoidant-focused coping (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The study examined how postpartum women cope with the challenges of motherhood and how this relates to their demographic and maternity factors. The results suggest that healthcare professionals should promote effective coping strategies and discourage avoidance-oriented approaches in postpartum interventions.
Topics: Child; Humans; Female; Male; Pregnancy; Adult; Middle Aged; Cesarean Section; Cross-Sectional Studies; Postpartum Period; Adaptation, Psychological; Demography
PubMed: 37940932
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02751-z -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth May 2022Women with cardiac disease in pregnancy and the first year postpartum often face uncertainty about their condition and the trajectory of their recovery. Cardiac disease...
BACKGROUND
Women with cardiac disease in pregnancy and the first year postpartum often face uncertainty about their condition and the trajectory of their recovery. Cardiac disease is a leading cause of serious maternal morbidity and mortality, and the prevalence is increasing. Affected women are at risk of worsening cardiac disease, chronic illness, mental illness and trauma. This compounded risk may lead to significant and long-term negative outcomes. The aim of this study is to correct the lack of visibility and information on the experiences of women with cardiac disease in pregnancy and the first year postpartum.
METHODS
A qualitative study using in-depth semi-structured interviews with twenty-five women who had acquired, congenital or genetic cardiac disease during pregnancy or the first year postpartum. Data were analysed and interpreted using a thematic analysis framework.
RESULTS
Analysis of the interviews produced three major themes: 1) Ground zero: index events and their emotional and psychological impact, 2) Self-perception, identity and worthiness, and 3) On the road alone; isolation and connection. There was a narrative consistency across the interviews despite the women being diverse in age, cardiac diagnosis and cardiac health status, parity and timing of diagnosis. The thread prevailing over the temporal and clinical differences was one of distress, biographical disruption, identity, isolation, a necessitated re-imagining of their lives, and the process of multi-layered healing.
CONCLUSION
Acknowledging and understanding the breadth, complexity and depth of women's experiences is fundamental to improving outcomes. Our findings provide unique insights into women's experiences and challenges across a spectrum of diseases. Most women did not report an isolated trauma or distressing event, rather there was a layering and persistence of psychological distress necessitating enhanced assessment, management and continuity of care beyond the routine 6-week postpartum check. Further research is required to understand long-term outcomes and to refine the findings for specific disease cohorts to be able to respond effectively.
Topics: Emotions; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Mental Health; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 35501828
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04614-1 -
Transcultural Psychiatry Feb 2024Due to cultural and systemic factors, Chinese-Canadians tend to use mental health services less or when mental health problems are more severe. Services need to be more...
Due to cultural and systemic factors, Chinese-Canadians tend to use mental health services less or when mental health problems are more severe. Services need to be more culturally responsive in their treatment of mental illness. Around important life events, when there may be heightened vulnerability to mental illness, this is especially important. In this study, postpartum cultural practices were examined among recent immigrant, longer-term immigrant, and Canadian-born Chinese women. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of 493 women in Toronto, Ontario, with livebirths in 2011-2014. Participants completed a demographic survey and Postpartum Rituals Questionnaire. Most women (82.2%) practiced at least one postpartum ritual. Younger age (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.87-0.99) and greater participation in the heritage culture (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.02-1.61) were associated with ritual practice. From among five types of postpartum rituals identified (i.e., avoidance of homeostatic disturbances, dietary practices, wind avoidance, organized support, and cold avoidance), dietary practices were most commonly undertaken and cold avoidance was least commonly undertaken. There were differences in postpartum ritual patterns by immigration status, with immigrant women being more likely to undertake a greater number of rituals, to attribute these rituals to Chinese culture, and to ascribe health benefits to these rituals and being less likely to feel forced into performing these rituals. Our findings underscore the importance of clinicians becoming more aware of Chinese postpartum rituals to provide women with culturally competent and patient-centered care.
Topics: Female; Humans; Canada; Ceremonial Behavior; China; Emigrants and Immigrants; Longitudinal Studies; Postpartum Period; Asian People
PubMed: 37993996
DOI: 10.1177/13634615231213829 -
Israel Journal of Health Policy Research Jun 2018Postpartum suicidality, a result of extreme distress or depression, is a tragedy for the woman, infant, and family. Screening for postpartum depression (PPD) is...
BACKGROUND
Postpartum suicidality, a result of extreme distress or depression, is a tragedy for the woman, infant, and family. Screening for postpartum depression (PPD) is mandatory in Israel, including a question on suicidal ideation. This study presents and analyzes data regarding rates, trends and characteristics of postpartum women who considered, attempted, or completed suicide, to help direct services aimed at preventing these occurrences.
METHODS
Suicidal ideation data based on PPD screening was drawn from various publications and databases. Suicide attempt data was obtained from the Emergency Department database for 2006-2015 and matched with the National Birth Registry. Cause of death from the national database for those years were similarly linked to births to identify postpartum suicides and deaths. Postpartum and non-postpartum suicide attempt rates were computed by year, and by age and ethnic/immigrant group. A multivariate logistic model was used to estimate relative risk for postpartum attempts, controlling for age and ethnic group.
RESULTS
Suicidal ideation in recent years has been reported as 1% or less, with higher rates found in studies of Arab women. Suicide attempt rates for non-postpartum women were 3-5 times that of postpartum women, rising over the years, while remaining relatively stable for postpartum women. Adjusted risk of suicide attempt for non-postpartum women was significantly higher; adjusted odds ratio was 4.08 (95% CI 3.75-4.44). It was also significantly higher for Arabs and immigrants from the Former Soviet Union, compared to Israeli-born Jews/veteran immigrants, and for younger women compared to those aged 35-44. Seven postpartum suicides were recorded during 2006-2015, a rate of 0.43 per 100,000 births.
CONCLUSION
Postpartum suicidality in Israel is low relative to other countries. Although relatively rare and lower than among non-postpartum women, health professionals should be attentive to risk factors, such as past psychiatric disorders, suicide attempts and current emotional distress, particularly among higher-risk populations. The universal screening program for PPD is a valuable opportunity for this, but increased resources should be allotted to implement and utilize it optimally. Prenatal screening should be added as an Israeli Quality Indicator, and postpartum completed suicides should be thoroughly investigated to guide prevention efforts.
Topics: Adult; Depression; Female; Humans; Israel; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide, Attempted
PubMed: 29936911
DOI: 10.1186/s13584-018-0228-x -
Nutrients Feb 2023Adequate dietary intake during the lactation period is important for breast milk components, postpartum recovery, and physical and mental health. This study aimed to...
Adequate dietary intake during the lactation period is important for breast milk components, postpartum recovery, and physical and mental health. This study aimed to clarify the psychosocial experiences related to dietary behavior around one month postpartum among Japanese lactating women. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 women between February and June 2022 in Osaka, Japan. The data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive approaches. Four core categories were identified. All participants had a [desire to have healthy meals for themselves or their families] to improve their postpartum health, regain their pre-pregnancy body shape, produce sufficient and good-quality breast milk, and keep their families healthy. Some participants, who had [subjective difficulties in getting information on diet and preparing meals] due to insufficient or complicated information and viewing meal preparation as a burden, used [services and support regarding their postpartum diet] to alleviate these difficulties. They had [postpartum-specific appetite and dietary views], including an increased appetite triggered by breastfeeding and postpartum stress and the effects of the dietary changes during pregnancy. Some of these psychosocial experiences were influenced by Japanese traditional customs in the postpartum period and familiar food preferences in the Japanese. Healthcare professionals should consider these experiences when providing tailored dietary guidance.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Lactation; East Asian People; Postpartum Period; Breast Feeding; Diet
PubMed: 36771501
DOI: 10.3390/nu15030789 -
Academic Pediatrics 2023Closely spaced, mistimed, and unwanted pregnancies are common among postpartum women and can lead to adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Women inconsistently attend...
OBJECTIVE
Closely spaced, mistimed, and unwanted pregnancies are common among postpartum women and can lead to adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Women inconsistently attend postpartum obstetric visits, though they reliably interface with pediatric providers during the postpartum months, presenting novel opportunities to identify and address unmet family planning needs.
METHODS
We conducted a qualitative study to explore pediatric provider perspectives on addressing maternal family planning in three settings: a neonatal intensive care unit, a primary care clinic, and a high-risk infant follow-up clinic.
RESULTS
Pediatric providers were generally open to incorporating postpartum family planning screening and counseling into a pediatric encounter, if given appropriate training and implementation support. Providers largely agreed that contraceptive provision to women was not feasible in their practices, and they shared ideas for utilizing the pediatric encounter to connect women with comprehensive contraceptive care.
CONCLUSION
Pediatric providers perceived postpartum family planning screening and counseling, and not contraceptive provision, as potentially acceptable and feasible in their practice settings. These exploratory findings justify further investigation to assess their generalizability and to develop postpartum family planning interventions for pediatrics.
Topics: Pregnancy; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Female; Humans; Child; Contraceptive Agents; Postpartum Period; Family Planning Services; Maternal Health Services; Counseling
PubMed: 36067921
DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2022.08.013