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Poultry Science Jan 2020The objective of this study was to determine the impact of pre-rigor salting using KCl on the technological properties of ground chicken breast. Chicken breast muscle...
The objective of this study was to determine the impact of pre-rigor salting using KCl on the technological properties of ground chicken breast. Chicken breast muscle (M. pectoralis major and minor) was hot-debonded and salted with 2% NaCl (w/w), 1% NaCl+1% KCl mixture, or 2% KCl, respectively, within 30 min after slaughter. Post-rigor salting treatment was prepared with 2% NaCl at 24 h postmortem. All pre-rigor salting treatments showed higher ultimate pH, protein solubility, and final yield than post-rigor salting treatment (P < 0.05). However, the positive effects of pre-rigor salting on chicken breast differed by salt type. Pre-rigor salting with KCl resulted in higher ultimate pH and R-values of chicken breast than pre-rigor salting with NaCl (P < 0.05). Despite the high ultimate pH, pre-rigor salting with KCl resulted in lower protein solubility, final yield, and hardness of chicken breast than pre-rigor salting with NaCl (P < 0.05). These results indicate that pre-rigor salting with KCl could contribute to the maintenance of relatively excellent technological properties of pre-rigor chicken breasts compared to post-rigor salted chicken breast. However, this current study also suggests that the impact of KCl on technological properties in pre-rigor chicken breast, such as water-holding capacity, protein solubility, and texture, could be less effective than pre-rigor salting with NaCl at an identical percentage concentration.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Food Handling; Meat; Pectoralis Muscles; Potassium Chloride
PubMed: 32416846
DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez527 -
Medicinski Glasnik : Official... Aug 2016Aim To investigate the effect of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) at different doses on isolated tracheal smooth muscle contraction in rats induced by different mechanisms....
Aim To investigate the effect of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) at different doses on isolated tracheal smooth muscle contraction in rats induced by different mechanisms. Methods Twelve rats' tracheas were placed into organ bath. Consecutively, acetylcholine (10-6,10-5,10-4 M), histamine(10-8,10-5,10-3 M) and KCl (30,60 mM) solutions was administered for contractions. MgSO4 from 10-4 to 10-1 M concentrations were subsequently administered after each constrictive agent and relaxation degrees were recorded. Results In the acetylcholine and KCl groups, dose dependent strong contractions were observed, but not in the histamine group and that group was excluded. Significant relaxation occurred with gradually increasing doses of MgSO4. In the high dose KCl group, a slight increase in contractions after the administration of 10-4 and 10-3 M MgSO4 was recorded. Conclusion We suggest that MgSO4 is effective in relaxing airway smooth muscle contractions caused by different factors; however, it must be considered that low doses of MgSO4 may only lead to a slight increase in contractions.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Histamine; Magnesium Sulfate; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Trachea
PubMed: 27452328
DOI: 10.17392/862-16 -
Healthcare Quarterly (Toronto, Ont.) 2005During the spring of 2004, in the Calgary Health Region (CHR) two critical incidents occurred involving patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in...
During the spring of 2004, in the Calgary Health Region (CHR) two critical incidents occurred involving patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in the intensive care unit (ICU). The outcome of these events resulted in the sudden death of both patients. The Department of Critical Care Medicine's Patient Safety and Adverse Events Team (PSAT), utilized the Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (HFMEA) tool to review the process and conditions surrounding the ordering and administration of potassium chloride (KCI) and potassium phosphate (KPO4) in our ICUs. The HFMEA tool and the multidisciplinary team structure provided a solid framework for systematic analysis and prioritization of areas for improvement regarding the use of intravenous, high-concentration KCL and KPO4 in the ICU.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Alberta; Female; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Medical Audit; Medical Errors; Medication Systems, Hospital; Phosphates; Potassium Chloride; Potassium Compounds; Renal Insufficiency; Safety Management
PubMed: 16334076
DOI: 10.12927/hcq.2005.17668 -
Applied Microbiology Jan 1968The continuous production of Clostridium tetani toxin has been carried out in a 1-liter stirred culture vessel for as long as 65 days. Toxin production of approximately...
The continuous production of Clostridium tetani toxin has been carried out in a 1-liter stirred culture vessel for as long as 65 days. Toxin production of approximately 120 flocculating units per ml was maintained with a dilution rate of 0.125 hr(-1), a temperature of 34 C, a pH of 7.4, and the addition to the medium of 0.1 g of potassium chloride per liter. The average minimal lethal intraperitoneal dose of the toxin in mice was approximately 10(6) per ml.
Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Calcium Chloride; Clostridium tetani; Culture Media; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Potassium Chloride; Temperature; Tetanus Toxin
PubMed: 4865906
DOI: 10.1128/am.16.1.69-72.1968 -
Poultry Science May 2013Previous research demonstrated that sperm motility is dependent upon mitochondrial calcium cycling. Thus, sperm are inactivated when extracellular calcium ions are...
Previous research demonstrated that sperm motility is dependent upon mitochondrial calcium cycling. Thus, sperm are inactivated when extracellular calcium ions are chelated. Mitochondrial calcium cycling, however, is driven by extracellular sodium ions. The hypothesis that sperm inactivation is subject to 2 variables was tested in the present work. Sperm motility was evaluated with computer-assisted sperm motion analysis in the first experiment. Sperm became immotile within minutes when suspended in buffered isotonic potassium chloride containing calcium ions. This outcome set the stage for the second experiment in which sperm were inactivated by centrifugation through 12% (wt/vol) Accudenz prepared with potassium chloride and tetrasodium 1,2-bis-(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA). Sperm mobility was the end point in the second and subsequent experiments. Potassium chloride was a suitable medium in regard to sperm inactivation with BAPTA followed by storage for 2 h at 10°C. Consequently, sperm so inactivated were reactivated after 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h of storage in the third experiment. Whereas pre- and postwash sperm mobility were equivalent, sperm mobility declined with time (P < 0.001) without exogenous energy in the storage medium. Therefore, the effect of 5 mM glucose was tested in the fourth experiment. In this case, recovery of sperm mobility was independent of time when sperm were stored at 10°C for 5 h (P > 0.05). Potassium chloride was replaced with potassium glutamate in the last experiment. Whereas reactivation was once again independent of time when sperm were stored with glucose (P > 0.05), greater variability was observed among observations in comparison with the potassium chloride-based medium. In summary, sperm motility was inactivated when calcium was chelated and extracellular sodium was replaced with potassium. Sperm reactivation was most consistent when chloride was the predominant extracellular anion. Collectively, these experiments demonstrate that short-term sperm storage can be achieved with simple media that promote sperm glycolysis and minimize energy demands imposed by the active transport of calcium and sodium ions.
Topics: Animals; Buffers; Chickens; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Male; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Potassium Chloride; Semen Preservation; Sperm Motility; Videotape Recording
PubMed: 23571344
DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02847 -
Journal of Dairy Science Jun 2012The use of mineral salt replacers to reduce the sodium content in cheese has been investigated as a method to maintain both the salty flavor and the preservative effects...
The use of mineral salt replacers to reduce the sodium content in cheese has been investigated as a method to maintain both the salty flavor and the preservative effects of salt. The majority of studies of sodium reduction have used mineral salt replacers at levels too low to produce equal water activity (a(w)) in the finished cheese compared with the full-sodium control. Higher a(w) can result in differences in cheese quality due to differences in the effective salt-to-moisture ratio. This creates differences in biochemical and microbial reactions during aging. We hypothesized that by targeting replacer concentrations to produce the same a(w) as full sodium cheese, changes in cheese quality would be minimized. Stirred-curd Cheddar-style cheese was manufactured and curd was salted with NaCl or naturally reduced sodium sea salt. Reduced-sodium cheeses were created by blends of NaCl or sea salt with KCl, modified KCl, MgCl₂, or CaCl₂ before pressing. Sodium levels in reduced-sodium cheeses ranged from 298 to 388 mg of sodium/100g, whereas the control full-sodium cheese had 665 mg/100g. At 1 wk of age, a(w) of reduced-sodium cheeses were not significantly different from control, which had an a(w) of 0.96. The pH values of all reduced-sodium cheeses, excluding the treatment that combined sea salt and MgCl₂, were lower than those of full-sodium cheese, indicating that the starter culture was possibly less inhibited at the salting step by the replacers than by NaCl. Instrumental hardness values of the treatments with sea salt were higher than in cheeses containing NaCl, with the exception of the NaCl/CaCl₂ treatment, which was the hardest. Treatments with MgCl₂ and modified KCl were generally less hard than other treatments. In-hand and first-bite firmness values correlated with the instrumental texture profile analysis results. Both CaCl₂ and MgCl₂ produced considerable off-flavors in the cheese (bitter, metallic, unclean, and soapy), as measured by descriptive sensory analysis with a trained panel. Bitterness ratings for cheese with KCl and modified KCl were not significantly different from the full-sodium control. Potassium chloride can be used successfully to achieve large reductions in sodium when replacing a portion of the NaCl in Cheddar cheese.
Topics: Calcium Chloride; Cheese; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Food Technology; Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium, Dietary
PubMed: 22612920
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4851 -
British Medical Journal Dec 1965
Topics: Diuretics; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Intestine, Small; Potassium Chloride; Ulcer
PubMed: 5848670
DOI: No ID Found -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2020The properties of non-canonical DNA structures, like G-quadruplexes and triplexes, change under cell-mimicking molecular crowding conditions relative to dilute aqueous...
The properties of non-canonical DNA structures, like G-quadruplexes and triplexes, change under cell-mimicking molecular crowding conditions relative to dilute aqueous solutions. The analysis of environmental effects on their stability is crucial since they play important roles in gene expression and regulation. In this study, three intramolecular and intermolecular triplex-forming sequences of different CG-C triplet content (: Hoogsteen base pair; - : Watson-Crick base pair) were designed and their stability measured in the absence and presence of a crowding agent with different K concentrations. In dilute solution, the stability of the triplexes was reduced by decreasing the concentration of KCl. This reduction became smaller as the number of CG-C triplets increased. Under molecular crowding conditions, Watson-Crick base pairs and Hoogsteen base pairs were destabilized and stabilized, respectively. Interestingly, with lower KCl concentrations (≤1 M), the destabilization of the triplexes due to reduction of KCl concentration was significantly smaller than in dilute solutions. In addition, the CG-C content had greater influence on triplex stability under molecular crowding conditions. Our work provides quantitative information about the effects of K concentration on triplex stability under molecular crowding conditions and should further our understanding of the function and regulation of triplexes in bioprocesses.
Topics: Circular Dichroism; DNA; Models, Molecular; Molecular Weight; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Polyethylene Glycols; Potassium; Potassium Chloride
PubMed: 31963464
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020387 -
The Journal of Chemical Physics Jan 2021Biomolecular condensates, largely by virtue of their material properties, are revolutionizing biology, and yet, the physical understanding of these properties is...
Biomolecular condensates, largely by virtue of their material properties, are revolutionizing biology, and yet, the physical understanding of these properties is lagging. Here, I show that the viscoelasticity of condensates can be captured by a simple model, comprising a component where shear relaxation is an exponential function (with time constant τ) and a component with nearly instantaneous shear relaxation (time constant τ → 0). Modulation of intermolecular interactions, e.g., by adding salt, can disparately affect the two components such that the τ component may dominate at low salt, whereas the τ component may dominate at high salt. Condensates have a tendency to fuse, with the dynamics accelerated by interfacial tension and impeded by viscosity. For fast-fusion condensates, shear relaxation on the τ timescale may become rate-limiting such that the fusion speed is no longer in direction proportion to the interfacial tension. These insights help narrow the gap in understanding between the biology and physics of biomolecular condensates.
Topics: Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Models, Chemical; Particle Size; Potassium Chloride; RNA-Binding Proteins; Salts; Viscosity
PubMed: 33514117
DOI: 10.1063/5.0038916 -
Biophysical Journal Sep 1991We present an experimental and theoretical study of the phenomenon of edge birefringence that appears near boundaries of transparent objects which are observed with high...
We present an experimental and theoretical study of the phenomenon of edge birefringence that appears near boundaries of transparent objects which are observed with high extinction and high resolution polarized light microscopy. As test objects, thin flakes of isotropic KCl crystals were immersed in media of various refractive indices. The measured retardation near crystal edges increased linearly with both the crystal thickness (tested between 0.3 and 1 micron), and the difference in refractive indices n between crystal (n = 1.49) and immersion liquids (n between 1.36 and 1.62). The specific edge birefringence, i.e., the retardation per thickness and per refractive index difference, is 0.029 on the high refractive index side of the boundary and -0.015 on the low refractive index side. The transition through zero birefringence specifies the position of a boundary at a much higher precision than predicted by the diffraction limit of the optical setup. The theoretical study employs a ray tracing procedure modeling the change in phase and polarization of rays passing through the specimen. We find good agreement between the model calculations and the experimental results indicating that edge birefringence can be attributed to the change in polarization of light that is refracted and reflected by dielectric interfaces.
Topics: Birefringence; Crystallography; Microscopy, Polarization; Models, Theoretical; Potassium Chloride
PubMed: 1932552
DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3495(91)82092-6