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The Journal of General and Applied... Sep 2016Cyanide is known as a toxic compound for almost all living organisms. We have searched for cyanide-resistant bacteria from the soil and stock culture collection of our...
Cyanide is known as a toxic compound for almost all living organisms. We have searched for cyanide-resistant bacteria from the soil and stock culture collection of our laboratory, and have found the existence of a lot of microorganisms grown on culture media containing 10 mM potassium cyanide. Almost all of these cyanide-resistant bacteria were found to show β-cyano-L-alanine (β-CNAla) synthetic activity. β-CNAla synthase is known to catalyze nitrile synthesis: the formation of β-CNAla from potassium cyanide and O-acetyl-L-serine or L-cysteine. We found that some microorganisms were able to detoxify cyanide using O-methyl-DL-serine, O-phospho-L-serine and β-chloro-DL-alanine. In addition, we purified β-CNAla synthase from Pseudomonas ovalis No. 111 in nine steps, and characterized the purified enzyme. This enzyme has a molecular mass of 60,000 and appears to consist of two identical subunits. The purified enzyme exhibits a maximum activity at pH 8.5-9.0 at an optimal temperature of 40-50°C. The enzyme is specific for O-acetyl-L-serine and β-chloro-DL-alanine. The Km value for O-acetyl-L-serine is 10.0 mM and Vmax value is 3.57 μmol/min/mg.
Topics: Alanine; Culture Media; Cyanides; Cysteine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lyases; Molecular Weight; Nitriles; Pseudomonas; Serine; Serine O-Acetyltransferase; Substrate Specificity; Temperature
PubMed: 27250663
DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2016.02.003 -
BMJ Case Reports Jul 2019While potassium cyanide poisoning has been well described, the toxicity of potassium gold cyanide is less well understood. This case describes an 84-year-old man who...
While potassium cyanide poisoning has been well described, the toxicity of potassium gold cyanide is less well understood. This case describes an 84-year-old man who presented after an intentional ingestion of 0.5-1 teaspoons of potassium gold cyanide. Despite antidotal therapy, the patient rapidly developed severe lactic acidosis, multiorgan dysfunction and ultimately expired. While the patient's clinical findings were consistent with acute cyanide poisoning, a serum cyanide level was below the toxic threshold. Previous reports have suggested that gold toxicity may also contribute to the effects of potassium gold cyanide, and may have played a role in the patient's rapid decline. In addition to treatment of cyanide toxicity, management of acute gold toxicity should also be considered in potassium gold cyanide ingestion.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged, 80 and over; Cyanates; Gold; Gold Compounds; Humans; Male; Potassium Cyanide; Suicide
PubMed: 31350229
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-229947 -
Food Technology and Biotechnology Dec 2016In this study, optimization conditions for cyanide biodegradation by strain were determined to be 25 °C, pH=7 and 150 rpm at the concentration of 0.5 mM potassium...
In this study, optimization conditions for cyanide biodegradation by strain were determined to be 25 °C, pH=7 and 150 rpm at the concentration of 0.5 mM potassium cyanide in the medium. Additionally, it was found that strain is not only able to degrade potassium cyanide, but also to degrade potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) trihydrate and sodium ferrocyanide decahydrate with the efficiencies of 85 and 87.5%, respectively. Furthermore, this strain degraded potassium cyanide in the presence of different ions such as magnesium, nickel, cobalt, iron, chromium, arsenic and zinc, in variable concentrations (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mM) and as a result the amount of the bacteria in the biodegradation media decreased with the increase of ion concentration. Lastly, it was also observed that sterile crude extract of strain degraded potassium cyanide on the fifth day of incubation. Based on these results, it is concluded that both culture and sterile crude extract of will be used in cyanide removal from different wastes.
PubMed: 28115902
DOI: 10.17113/ftb.54.04.16.4518 -
Nature Communications Feb 2014MicroRNA has been identified as a potential biomarker because expression level of microRNA is correlated with various cancers. Its detection at low concentrations would...
MicroRNA has been identified as a potential biomarker because expression level of microRNA is correlated with various cancers. Its detection at low concentrations would be highly beneficial for cancer diagnosis. Here, we develop a new type of a DNA-modified gold nanoparticle-based bio-barcode assay that uses a conventional gel electrophoresis platform and potassium cyanide chemistry and show this assay can detect microRNA at aM levels without enzymatic amplification. It is also shown that single-base-mismatched microRNA can be differentiated from perfectly matched microRNA and the multiplexed detection of various combinations of microRNA sequences is possible with this approach. Finally, differently expressed microRNA levels are selectively detected from cancer cells using the bio-barcode gel assay, and the results are compared with conventional polymerase chain reaction-based results. The method and results shown herein pave the way for practical use of a conventional gel electrophoresis for detecting biomolecules of interest even at aM level without polymerase chain reaction amplification.
Topics: Base Sequence; Cell Line, Tumor; DNA Probes; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gold; Humans; Metal Nanoparticles; MicroRNAs; Potassium Cyanide; Reproducibility of Results; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 24569571
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4367 -
Chemistry (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Feb 2020Pulsed laser irradiation of solid potassium cyanide (KCN) produces, besides free nitrogen and carbon atoms, the molecular species KN and KC which are potential...
Pulsed laser irradiation of solid potassium cyanide (KCN) produces, besides free nitrogen and carbon atoms, the molecular species KN and KC which are potential candidates for interstellar species of potassium. Additionally, N , N , KN , C , C , and KC are produced and isolated in solid noble gases as well as in solid N . Molecular potassium nitrene (KN) reacts with dinitrogen in neon and argon matrices after photochemical excitation (λ=470 nm) forming molecular end-on (C ) and side-on (C ) potassium azide isomers. The side-on isomer (C ) is thermodynamically favored at the CCSD(T)/ma-def2-TZVP level of theory. It can be obtained from the end-on isomer by UV-irradiation (λ=273 nm).
PubMed: 31721339
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905103 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta May 1995Mitochondrial function is closely linked to the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity. During short-term anoxia, ion-transport systems in the inner membrane are... (Review)
Review
Mitochondrial function is closely linked to the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity. During short-term anoxia, ion-transport systems in the inner membrane are inhibited to protect against loss of the promotive force and associated osmotic imbalance that can cause irreversible loss of mitochondrial integrity and function. In two models of chemically induced mitochondrial failure, a prostaglandin B1 derivative, di-calciphor, protected against mitochondrial failure and prevented cell death. Characteristics were similar to those observed in mitochondria during short-term anoxia. Thus, the results indicate that di-calciphor may represent a new type of mitochondrial protectant that inhibits ion transport and thus slows the loss of osmotic stability and delays mitochondrial dysfunction under traumatic and toxicologic conditions.
Topics: Animals; Cell Death; Cell Hypoxia; Cell Survival; Cells; Humans; Liver; Mitochondria, Liver; Potassium Cyanide; Prostaglandins B; Rats
PubMed: 7599222
DOI: 10.1016/0925-4439(95)00006-p -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2018This investigation is aimed at examining the effects of pharmacological PostC with potassium cyanide (KCN) on functional recovery, gene expression, cytochrome c...
This investigation is aimed at examining the effects of pharmacological PostC with potassium cyanide (KCN) on functional recovery, gene expression, cytochrome c expression, and redox status of isolated rat hearts. Rats were divided into the control and KCN groups. The hearts of male Wistar albino rats were retrogradely perfused according to the technique at a constant perfusion pressure of 70 cmHO. After stabilisation, control hearts were subjected to global ischemia (5 minutes), followed by reperfusion (5 minutes), while experimental hearts underwent global ischemia (5 minutes) followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion with 10 mol/L KCN. The following parameters of heart function were measured: maximum and minimum rates of pressure development, systolic and diastolic left ventricular pressure, heart rate, and coronary flow. Levels of superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, nitrites, and index of lipid peroxidation (measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) were measured in coronary venous effluent, and activity of catalase was determined in heart tissue. Expression of Bax, Bcl-2, SOD-1, SOD-2, and cytochrome c was studied as well. It was shown that expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and SOD-2 genes did not significantly differ between groups, while expression of SOD-1 gene and cytochrome c was lower in the KCN group. Our results demonstrated that KCN improved the recovery of myocardial contractility and systolic and diastolic function, enhanced catalase activity, and diminished generation of prooxidants. However, all possible mechanisms and potential adverse effects of KCN should be further examined in the future.
Topics: Animals; Heart; Humans; Ischemia; Male; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Oxidative Stress; Potassium Cyanide; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 30116485
DOI: 10.1155/2018/5979721 -
BMJ Case Reports 2009Our objective is to show that cyanide poisoning presents with various symptoms, and that recognition of these symptoms is required for appropriate management of the...
Our objective is to show that cyanide poisoning presents with various symptoms, and that recognition of these symptoms is required for appropriate management of the condition. A 54-year-old man drank about 2.5 times the normal fatal dose of potassium cyanide in a suicide attempt. On arrival at hospital (day 0), the patient was restless and in a state of shock. We administered 100% oxygen and performed immediate detoxification. Ground-glass attenuation appeared on the evening of day 1 and lung injury due to cyanide was suspected. Inflammation improved slowly with the use of artificial ventilation, but anuria continued and sudden renal failure occurred on day 2. We suspected that renal failure was due to cyanide metabolites, and continuous haemodiafiltration (CHDF) was initiated. Renal function improved slowly and CHDF was discontinued on the sixth day. Symptoms of cyanide poisoning may include lung injury and renal damage, in addition to disturbance of consciousness.
PubMed: 22162737
DOI: 10.1136/bcr.04.2009.1768 -
The Tokai Journal of Experimental and... Dec 2013Hydrogen cyanide possesses a high acid-dissociation constant of 9.14, favoring its vaporization and depletion from the culture media at physiological pH, which may cause...
BACKGROUND
Hydrogen cyanide possesses a high acid-dissociation constant of 9.14, favoring its vaporization and depletion from the culture media at physiological pH, which may cause the cyanide toxicity unstable in vitro.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated whether adjustment of culture medium pH stabilizes cyanide concentration and decreases the effective concentration of potassium cyanide (KCN).
METHODS
Murine fibroblast cells were exposed to different concentrations of KCN in media maintained at pH 7.4 or 9.2, in the presence or absence of hydroxocobalamin. After incubation for 1 h, we evaluated medium pH, cyanide concentration, cytochrome activity, and cell viability.
RESULTS
Cyanide concentration decreased to 18.8% in pH 7.4 medium compared to 83.2% in pH 9.2 medium. A significant decrease in cytochrome activity was observed at 40 mM and 1.25 mM KCN in pH 7.4 and pH 9.2 media, respectively. In pH 9.2 medium, dose-dependent cytotoxicity of KCN and antidotal effects of hydroxocobalamin were observed.
CONCLUSION
Adjustment of culture medium pH to 9.2 could stabilize cyanide concentration and decrease the effective concentration of KCN, allowing stable evaluation of KCN toxicity and antidotal efficacy.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Cytochromes; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fibroblasts; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxocobalamin; Mice; Potassium Cyanide; Toxicity Tests; Volatilization
PubMed: 24318282
DOI: No ID Found